Archaeological survey in the Chengdu Plain of Sichuan Province has revealed settlement patterns s... more Archaeological survey in the Chengdu Plain of Sichuan Province has revealed settlement patterns surrounding Late Neolithic walled sites, including large numbers of small settlements from the Neolithic, Bronze Age, and Han Dynasty eras. Here geophysical survey and excavation at one of these small-scale sites dating to the Middle Bronze Age are reported, showing for the first time the value of high-resolution geophysics for evaluating site size and integrity in the Chengdu region
滇國是戰國至西漢時期興盛於雲南滇池區域的古王國。除了《史記》、《漢書》及《華陽國志》等少量文字記載外，我們對於滇國的理解都來自於考古發現，特別是大量而複雜的墓地。從1950年代開始，考古學家相繼... more 滇國是戰國至西漢時期興盛於雲南滇池區域的古王國。除了《史記》、《漢書》及《華陽國志》等少量文字記載外，我們對於滇國的理解都來自於考古發現，特別是大量而複雜的墓地。從1950年代開始，考古學家相繼發掘晉寧石寨山、江川李家山、呈貢天子廟、曲靖八塔臺、澄江金蓮山及昆明羊甫頭等多座大型墓地，這些墓地大多包含數百座以上隨葬品豐富的墓葬，也由於其複雜的現象，造成研究上的困擾。過去有部份學者嘗試用各種統計的方式對滇國大型墓地進行分析，以了解其社會結構、社會階級和性別關係等議題，但少有人對墓葬間的空間關係做討論。本論文將嘗試使用GIS 的空間自相關分析技術對昆明羊甫頭墓地進行統計分析，探討該墓地的隨葬品空間分布與社會結構的關係。
Archaeological research of salt production in ancient China has become one of the most notable is... more Archaeological research of salt production in ancient China has become one of the most notable issues in Chinese archaeology in recent decade. This article will introduce the chronological changes of briquetage and related salt production features from the Neolithic period to Han Dynasty in the Ganjing Valley in the Three Gorges area, China.
Salt Archaeology in China Volume 3 - Ancient Salt Production and Landscape Archaeology in the Upper Yangzi Basin: The Site of Zhongba in Perspective, 2013
自漢代以來鹽一直是中國財政的主要收入來源，因此許多學者都主張鹽的生產與交易是中國古代文明興起的主要因素之一。本文藉由近年的考古研究、甲骨、簡帛、畫像、傳世文獻以及民族誌等資料，肯定鹽在中國古代文... more 自漢代以來鹽一直是中國財政的主要收入來源，因此許多學者都主張鹽的生產與交易是中國古代文明興起的主要因素之一。本文藉由近年的考古研究、甲骨、簡帛、畫像、傳世文獻以及民族誌等資料，肯定鹽在中國古代文明中扮演重要的角色；但也認為從史前時代到漢代，鹽的社會意義經歷了由威望物品轉變成為一般商品的過程。唯有釐清每個階段人如何去使用及看待鹽，才能進一步探討它對當時社會文化及國家形成的影響。
Salt has been a major financial resource in China since the Han Dynasty. For this reason, many scholars argue that the production and distribution of salt was one of the most important factors in the emergence of Chinese civilization. According to recent archaeological research, oracle bones, bamboo slips, cloth manuscripts, terracotta bricks, ancient texts and ethnography, this article demonstrates the role of salt in ancient Chinese civilization. However, it also argues that the social meaning of salt transformed from that of a prestige good to a more general commodity from the prehistoric period to the Han Dynasty. Only after understanding how people used and regarded salt, can we further discuss its influences on contemporary cultures and states.
Salt production and trade is thought to be critical to the development of all states and emergent... more Salt production and trade is thought to be critical to the development of all states and emergent empires. Until now, however, scientific evidence of early salt production has rarely been presented, and no studies of early Chinese salt production have provided unequivocal proof. Here, we report x-ray fluorescence, x-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses that demonstrate that salt was the primary product during the first millennium before Christ (B.C.) at Zhongba in Central China. This work provides an early example of salt production discovered in China and presents a methodology for evaluating salt production sites in other regions.
Archaeological survey in the Chengdu Plain of Sichuan Province has revealed settlement patterns s... more Archaeological survey in the Chengdu Plain of Sichuan Province has revealed settlement patterns surrounding Late Neolithic walled sites, including large numbers of small settlements from the Neolithic, Bronze Age, and Han Dynasty eras. Here geophysical survey and excavation at one of these small-scale sites dating to the Middle Bronze Age are reported, showing for the first time the value of high-resolution geophysics for evaluating site size and integrity in the Chengdu region
滇國是戰國至西漢時期興盛於雲南滇池區域的古王國。除了《史記》、《漢書》及《華陽國志》等少量文字記載外，我們對於滇國的理解都來自於考古發現，特別是大量而複雜的墓地。從1950年代開始，考古學家相繼... more 滇國是戰國至西漢時期興盛於雲南滇池區域的古王國。除了《史記》、《漢書》及《華陽國志》等少量文字記載外，我們對於滇國的理解都來自於考古發現，特別是大量而複雜的墓地。從1950年代開始，考古學家相繼發掘晉寧石寨山、江川李家山、呈貢天子廟、曲靖八塔臺、澄江金蓮山及昆明羊甫頭等多座大型墓地，這些墓地大多包含數百座以上隨葬品豐富的墓葬，也由於其複雜的現象，造成研究上的困擾。過去有部份學者嘗試用各種統計的方式對滇國大型墓地進行分析，以了解其社會結構、社會階級和性別關係等議題，但少有人對墓葬間的空間關係做討論。本論文將嘗試使用GIS 的空間自相關分析技術對昆明羊甫頭墓地進行統計分析，探討該墓地的隨葬品空間分布與社會結構的關係。
Archaeological research of salt production in ancient China has become one of the most notable is... more Archaeological research of salt production in ancient China has become one of the most notable issues in Chinese archaeology in recent decade. This article will introduce the chronological changes of briquetage and related salt production features from the Neolithic period to Han Dynasty in the Ganjing Valley in the Three Gorges area, China.
Salt Archaeology in China Volume 3 - Ancient Salt Production and Landscape Archaeology in the Upper Yangzi Basin: The Site of Zhongba in Perspective, 2013
自漢代以來鹽一直是中國財政的主要收入來源，因此許多學者都主張鹽的生產與交易是中國古代文明興起的主要因素之一。本文藉由近年的考古研究、甲骨、簡帛、畫像、傳世文獻以及民族誌等資料，肯定鹽在中國古代文... more 自漢代以來鹽一直是中國財政的主要收入來源，因此許多學者都主張鹽的生產與交易是中國古代文明興起的主要因素之一。本文藉由近年的考古研究、甲骨、簡帛、畫像、傳世文獻以及民族誌等資料，肯定鹽在中國古代文明中扮演重要的角色；但也認為從史前時代到漢代，鹽的社會意義經歷了由威望物品轉變成為一般商品的過程。唯有釐清每個階段人如何去使用及看待鹽，才能進一步探討它對當時社會文化及國家形成的影響。
Salt has been a major financial resource in China since the Han Dynasty. For this reason, many scholars argue that the production and distribution of salt was one of the most important factors in the emergence of Chinese civilization. According to recent archaeological research, oracle bones, bamboo slips, cloth manuscripts, terracotta bricks, ancient texts and ethnography, this article demonstrates the role of salt in ancient Chinese civilization. However, it also argues that the social meaning of salt transformed from that of a prestige good to a more general commodity from the prehistoric period to the Han Dynasty. Only after understanding how people used and regarded salt, can we further discuss its influences on contemporary cultures and states.
Salt production and trade is thought to be critical to the development of all states and emergent... more Salt production and trade is thought to be critical to the development of all states and emergent empires. Until now, however, scientific evidence of early salt production has rarely been presented, and no studies of early Chinese salt production have provided unequivocal proof. Here, we report x-ray fluorescence, x-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses that demonstrate that salt was the primary product during the first millennium before Christ (B.C.) at Zhongba in Central China. This work provides an early example of salt production discovered in China and presents a methodology for evaluating salt production sites in other regions.
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Salt has been a major financial resource in China since the Han Dynasty. For this reason, many scholars argue that the production and distribution of salt was one of the most important factors in the emergence of Chinese civilization. According to recent archaeological research, oracle bones, bamboo slips, cloth manuscripts, terracotta bricks, ancient texts and ethnography, this article demonstrates the role of salt in ancient Chinese civilization. However, it also argues that the social meaning of salt transformed from that of a prestige good to a more general commodity from the prehistoric period to the Han Dynasty. Only after understanding how people used and regarded salt, can we further discuss its influences on contemporary cultures and states.
Salt has been a major financial resource in China since the Han Dynasty. For this reason, many scholars argue that the production and distribution of salt was one of the most important factors in the emergence of Chinese civilization. According to recent archaeological research, oracle bones, bamboo slips, cloth manuscripts, terracotta bricks, ancient texts and ethnography, this article demonstrates the role of salt in ancient Chinese civilization. However, it also argues that the social meaning of salt transformed from that of a prestige good to a more general commodity from the prehistoric period to the Han Dynasty. Only after understanding how people used and regarded salt, can we further discuss its influences on contemporary cultures and states.