Questions tagged [descriptive-statistics]
Descriptive statistics summarize features of a sample, such as mean and standard deviations, median and quartiles, the maximum and minimum. With multiple variables, may include correlations and crosstabs. Can include visual displays - boxplots, histograms, scatterplots and so on.
1,831 questions
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Data categorization
I have categorized my education dataset for the analysis below. However, I have one occurrence of a respondent who attended a Missionary school that I do not know its level and am unsure where to ...
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Employment status categories that include pensioners, learners, students and non schooling
I have collected a dataset on Employment status. I created the following categories; Pensioners, Formally employed, Informally Employed, Self-employed, and Unemployed. I also have Learners or Students ...
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Estimate SD[Z=X*Y] which one is correct?
Given we have a sample of two variables X and Y with sample size n. I want to calculate the standard deviation of Z = X*Y. I don't know which of the two options bellow are correct?
Option 1:
Simply ...
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How to analyze differences in growth data with non-normal distributions?
I have data on fungal growth (growth rate and latency period) from different strains. I want to examine whether these values differ based on origin (2 types), growth medium (2 types), and incubation ...
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How can I filter outliers in data that is manually recorded?
Different people have to write down values on a certain type of parameter in order to fill out a table, and people obviously tend to write wrong. Sometimes, by a factor of 1000. This creates a lot of ...
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Median Absolute Deviation of Zero
I am using MAD as a measure of the spread of different distributions of numeric data, and some of these distributions have MAD of 0. I am curious, how is this possible? If I understand correctly, MAD ...
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What descriptive statistics to report for a paired sample when using a nonparametric test?
I have two variables, A and B, (paired sample, before-after) and I need to conduct a paired sample nonparametric test because the distribution of the difference between A and B is not normal (...
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How can I devise a new metric to evaluate monthly loss prevention performance based on historical data?
I'm reporting on loss numbers for my company every month, and I’m looking to create a metric that can clearly indicate whether we’re doing better or worse in preventing losses. The goal is to reflect ...
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The Info measure of Hmisc::describe
The documentation for Hmisc::describe (page 77 of the PDF) says:
For numeric variables, describe adds an item called Info which is a relative information measure
using the relative efficiency of a ...
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How to assess the absolute strength of a correlation between two multifactorial variables when some of their factors are negatively correlated
I have two multifactorial constructs, one of which consists of 5 subfactors, and the other 4. I am looking to evaluate the 'absolute' strength of the association between the two constructs.
The issue ...
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Is there away to compute Index values (base 100) from Year-over-Year % change (YoY) of the variable?
Let's assume I have a time series like this :
Time period
YoY Change (%)
Y2024 _ Q1
7.00
Y2024 _ Q2
4.85
Y2024 _ Q3
5.77
Y2024 _ Q4
5.66
Y2025 _ Q1
6.54
Y2025 _ Q2
6.48
Y2025 _ Q3
6.36
Y2025 ...
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Is anomaly forecasting in time series analysis possible?
I am currently working on a univariate time series data and I wanted to know if anomaly forecasting is possible in time series.
I previously worked on anomaly detection which detects the anomaly when ...
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Comparing retrospective and prospective cohorts
I am a bit confused on comparing retrospective and prospective cohorts …
Say I have two cohorts, one retrospective (used as the control) and one prospective cohort (with a program/intervention applied)...
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How to characterize a dataset
I know we can compute a correlation matrix for continuous variables in a dataset. However, to summarize the degree of correlations between variables, is it possible to do a mean or something else ...
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When trying to find the quartiles for discrete data, do we round to the nearest whole number?
I have 2 cases:
First, I want to find the first quartile to the set data: 1,2,3,4,5.
Normally we calculate the qaurtile as:
Now $Q_1 = \frac{2+1}{2} = 1.5$.
But they never state if its continuous (i.e....
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Triangular correlations?
As used in my answer at https://stats.stackexchange.com/a/652022/11887, triangular correlation seems to be a useful concept/terminology that could see more use. But searching I cannot see much use, ...
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How to adjust a variable by age, sex and BMI
I'm working on a database with almost 300 patients, of which I have their age, sex, BMI and their level of diabetes (which, for the purpose of the study, is stratified into mild, intermediate or ...
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Looking for statistical function to represent data
Say I have a molecule that contains 9 atoms. For each atom, I have calculated the properties as prop_1, prop_2... prop_5 using a certain methodology. To check if the methodology was stable, I ran the ...
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Can I do weighting on continuous variables?
I have two datasets collected in 2018 and 2023. I was going to check if there's any difference between the two datasets, but the ratio of sex and family size was different from each other (...
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How can you calculate Q1 and Q3 for even numbers? [duplicate]
I've searched this question everywhere, but I've found different answers and none of them result in the same answer Numpy gave me.
I have the following data:[0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 5, 5, 6, 8]
When using ...
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Appropriate significance test for small sample size, unclear (non-normal) distribution
Given data:
30 datapoints in the form of usability scores (System Usability Scale)
2 groups within data (Group 1: 17, group 2: 13, independent, unequal sizes)
Objective:
See if there is any ...
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What analysis do I need for 2 Ivs and 2 DVs?
I think I need a MANOVA, but I may need an ANCOVA and then also do an ANOVA within just the experimental group.
I think it's a 2x2 factorial independent measures ANOVA within the intervention group. I ...
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Hausman Test Reults Report
I've been working on a research project using a multi-level regression model, and I'm currently figuring out how to present the Hausman test results. I've seen some papers where authors mention doing ...
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Is considering a specific distribution necessary before computing an average?
Many times, I compute averages of variables without considering distributions at all, and I use those computed averages to represent measures of variables in my data without mentioning specific ...
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calculating percentage normalisation
Please don't laugh or close this post I am confused as to how I can calculate the percentage normalization occurring post treatment.
So, here is a background of the problem, I have reading from ...
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Reference for Directional Statistics of Plane Orientation
I've got a project I'm working on where I've got the orientation (normal) vectors of planes. These vectors are all within a unit hemisphere where the $z$-coordinate is strictly positive. The ...
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Analyzing lists and variables of multiple answers
My current issue lies within EMR extracted data for medications. There are multiple variables named: Medication_1, Medication_2, Medication_3, etc...
This data may overlap and analyzing each column ...
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How is this formula derived
I have carried out an experiment with several repeats and my program has returned the values of EC50 and its CI(95%) confidence intervals, LogEC50 and the standard error of (LogEC50). The logs are ...
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Normalization of absorbance data by fresh weight of samples
A [protocol] says
For each sample the absorbance (Abs) reading was divided by the fresh weight of the sample in grams. The results were normalized using an arbitrary value of 1 for the control ...
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Survival function for a certain population
If the survival function for a certain population is given by $$ s(x) = \left( \frac{1}{1+x} \right)^4 $$ for $x \ge 0$, how long would you expect a person who is $41$ years old to live?
(a) $14$ ...
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Standardization of summary statistic of group-linked values
Assume that you measure a summary statistic (e.g., arithmetic mean) in measurement windows of a fixed size along a long sequence of values and that these values are grouped into regions belonging to ...
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OLS Model with Lags - logged coeff
i am building a OLS model using python, where the dependant and independent variables are lagged. This is a form of econometrics model where i want to figure out how much each independent variable ...
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Comparing one value to mean or median of a group
I have very limited statistical knowledge or experience, so I am looking for some guidance on my approach for statistical analysis.
I have a group of 60 values. I am looking to compare the last value ...
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Should we routinely conduct unsupervised learning when reporting descriptive statistics on data?
A standard approach prior to conducting a predictive or inferential analysis is to report some basic univariate descriptive statistics on the study variables: mean, median, minimum, maximum, variance, ...
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how to summarize moving average
This question is about how to summarize moving averages.
Please assume the values in
column Pct are % of people how have negative opinion about vaccine.
column MovgAvg is the two year moving average
...
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Which statistical model is suitable?
I have the results of a survey of $n=132$ patients with their socio-economic profile and their spending behavior on mobility-coins (my thesis topic).
In the survey, we asked people how they would ...
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type I error in multiple comparisons summary statistics
I understand type I error can increase if we run 'multiple comparisons'. But does that refer to comparisons within a multi-category variable (or a group variable)? or multiple analyses using the same ...
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Maximum Likelihood in High Dimensions [closed]
What are some examples of high-dimensional random variables for which MLE are solved using numerical methods because we are unable to explicitly solve the equations nicely? The only example to comes ...
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Variability of patients in different Hospitals
just to let you know that my statistical background is not very good. I made funnel graphs which shows the effect of polypharmacy against practice size.
In the funnel graphs, a dot presents a single ...
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Should a Better User Engagement Model Keep Outperforming Old Models Across Time?
Context
Let's say we are talking about a machine learning model that governs some user interaction (e.g. pricing model, recommendation model etc.) on an app. Let's say model v1 is champion (in ...
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Is the exponent of the MAD (Median Absolute Deviation) of log transformed Data measuring the relative distance from median in the untransformed data?
I want to confirm whether taking the Exponent of the MAD of Log Transformed Data gives me a measure of relative distance from median of the original untransformed data.
So say I have a MAD of 0.2 for ...
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Degrees of freedom for estimation
In the context of estimators, why is it that in general dividing by the degrees of freedom(instead of the sample size) leads to unbiasedness? I see the value in substituting degrees of freedom for ...
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Percentiles of a distribution of weighted summary statistics
Suppose I have a collection of different independent probability distributions, $\{ P_i(X)\}_{i=1}^N$, each with their own support $I_i$. I know that the $10^{th}$ percentile of a given distribution ...
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Comparing averages of two groups
Say I want to check if the averages of 2 groups (A and B) are the same.
For each member in group A, there are some observations; same applies for group B.
If I want to take the average of A and B, I ...
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Is it possible to calculate a standard deviation from the gini coefficient and mean?
I am looking to create an analysis showing how many people in a given country have more than than X dollars in income.
I know the average income, population count, and Gini Coefficient of income ...
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Is descriptive statistics enough to compare test scores of students in a class?
I am reviewing the theory on hypothesis testing and the book I am reading ("Hypothesis Testing" by Jim Frost) stresses the fact that we do hypothesis testing and inferential statistic when ...
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How to Evaluate Interaction Effects in Propensity Score-Matched Samples:
Suppose I want to study the association between an exposure X and outcome Y, and I have used the propensity score to match each exposed subject with those unexposed but with similar characteristics ...
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How many samples should I test to be 95% sure that no error exists?
If I have a million population of products and I will tolerate no error in them. How many samples should I test to be 95% sure that no error exists?
I am new to statistics. I know you might need some ...
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Difference between Cross-Sectional and Nested Case-Control Samples in Cohort Studies
I have a question regarding the cross-sectional sample from the most recent visit and the nested case-control sample extracted from a cohort study, especially when the exposure of interest was ...
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