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2 votes
1 answer
366 views

If A causes B & A causes C, can B modify the effect of A on C?

Suppose I roll out an initiative to promote a new vaccine in a country, call this intervention A. A causes uptake of vaccines C, but it may or may not also cause backlash from community leaders ...
Hans Mark's user avatar
3 votes
1 answer
70 views

Describing the causal effect of coffe and heat on esophageal tumor. Interaction, confounding, mediation?

The public health world is discussing in these days the news that coffee is no longer considered carcinogenic but heat of the drinks is the real culprit. I'm trying to visualizing this as a causal ...
Bakaburg's user avatar
  • 2,949
12 votes
2 answers
13k views

Is it possible to have a variable that acts as both an effect modifier and a confounder?

Is it possible to have a variable that acts as both an effect (measurement) modifier and a confounder for a given pair of risk-outcome associations? I'm still a little unsure of the distinction. I've ...
user1447630's user avatar
  • 1,099