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Our development team has 14 small applications deployed to Tomcat 5.5 currently (moving to 6.0 shortly). I say small because the number of users for each app is low. I'm wondering what performance metrics and indicators I should be looking at to decide when it is time to introduce an additional application server.

Aside from memory usage and CPU utilization, what should I look out for? How do I know when it's time to scale up or out?

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I would be monitoring:

  • average HTTP response times
  • output of iostat (or whatever counterpart on Windows if you're running Win)
  • network saturation
  • possible thread deadlocks (not sure how multithreaded your app is)
  • database load, if there is one

Generally it is hard to advise when to scale up/out, each situation is different. But it is always worth to have a plan - in case if your customer base will double in the next few months.

Scaling up is usually cheaper (to a point). I recommend this site for scalability-related stuff.

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  • Thanks. FYI for those wondering - I've learned that the Windows equivalent of iostat is perfmon. Type "perfmon" into the run dialog to start it up.
    – Mike G
    Commented Nov 16, 2010 at 14:53

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