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1 Behrens GM, Meyer D, Stoll M, Schmidt RE. Immune reconstitution syndromes in human immuno-deficiency virus infection following effective antiretroviral therapy. Immunobiology 2000; 201 : 186 -193. 2 Collazos J, Mayo J, Martinez E, Blanco MS. Contrast-enhancing progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy as an immune reconstitution event in AIDS patients. AIDS 1999; 13 : 1426 -1428. 3 Bouscarat F, Maubec E, Matheron S, Descamps V. Immune recovery inflammatory folliculitis. AIDS 2000; 14 : 617-618. 4 Handa S, Bingham JS. Dermatological immune restoration syndrome: does it exist? J Eur Acad Derm Ven 2001; 15 (5): 430 -432. 5 Domingo P, Torres OH, Ris J, Vasquez G. Herpes zoster as an immune reconstitution disease after initiation of combination antiretroviral therapy in patients with human immunodeficiency virus type-1 infection. Am J Med 2001; 110 : 605 -609. 16 Letter Letter Letter xxxxx Report of a case of Muir-Torre syndrome To the Editor Muir-Torre syndrome (MTS) is an autosomal dominant genodermatosis, characterized by at least one single sebaceous gland tumour and a minimum of one internal malignancy. 1 In a recent review of the literature, Akhtar et al . found only 205 cases of MTS. 2 The most common presentation is sebaceous tumours with a low-grade visceral malignancy. 1

1Competition for light is a central issue in ecological questions concerning forest tree differentiation and diversity. Here, using 213 106 individual stem records derived from a national survey in Ghana, West Africa, we examine the relationship between relative crown exposure, ontogeny and phylogeny for 109 canopy species.2We use a generalized linear model (GLM) framework to allow interspecific comparisons of crown exposure that control for stem-size. For each species, a multinomial response model is used to describe the probabilities of the relative canopy illumination classes as a function of stem diameter.3In general, and for all larger stems, canopy-exposure increases with diameter. Five species have size-related exposure patterns that reveal local minima above 5 cm d.b.h., but only one, Panda oleosa, shows a local maximum at a low diameter.4The pattern of species exposures at 10 cm diameter is consistent with two overlapping groups, of which the smaller (21 species, including most pioneers) is generally better exposed.5Relative illumination rankings amongst species are significantly maintained over a wide range of stem sizes. Species that are well exposed at small diameters are therefore also more likely to be well exposed at larger diameters, although two species in the most exposed 25% of species at 10 cm d.b.h. drop to the lowest illumination quartile at 40 cm d.b.h., and three demonstrate the opposite (low-to-high) pattern.6Species capable of achieving the largest diameters are generally recorded less frequently in shade than are smaller species, even when compared as saplings, suggesting that species achieving large mature sizes are generally shade intolerant when small. Controlling for phylogeny reveals that this relationship holds across independent lineages.7We also find evidence that the range of strategies encountered is influenced by disturbance regimes.8We interpret our results as indicating a continuum of strategies that reflect an evolutionary trade-off between a species’ mature size and its general shade-tolerance, in combination with differentiation based on disturbance based opportunities. Species that appear similar can therefore remain ecologically distinct over their lifetimes.Competition for light is a central issue in ecological questions concerning forest tree differentiation and diversity. Here, using 213 106 individual stem records derived from a national survey in Ghana, West Africa, we examine the relationship between relative crown exposure, ontogeny and phylogeny for 109 canopy species.We use a generalized linear model (GLM) framework to allow interspecific comparisons of crown exposure that control for stem-size. For each species, a multinomial response model is used to describe the probabilities of the relative canopy illumination classes as a function of stem diameter.In general, and for all larger stems, canopy-exposure increases with diameter. Five species have size-related exposure patterns that reveal local minima above 5 cm d.b.h., but only one, Panda oleosa, shows a local maximum at a low diameter.The pattern of species exposures at 10 cm diameter is consistent with two overlapping groups, of which the smaller (21 species, including most pioneers) is generally better exposed.Relative illumination rankings amongst species are significantly maintained over a wide range of stem sizes. Species that are well exposed at small diameters are therefore also more likely to be well exposed at larger diameters, although two species in the most exposed 25% of species at 10 cm d.b.h. drop to the lowest illumination quartile at 40 cm d.b.h., and three demonstrate the opposite (low-to-high) pattern.Species capable of achieving the largest diameters are generally recorded less frequently in shade than are smaller species, even when compared as saplings, suggesting that species achieving large mature sizes are generally shade intolerant when small. Controlling for phylogeny reveals that this relationship holds across independent lineages.We also find evidence that the range of strategies encountered is influenced by disturbance regimes.We interpret our results as indicating a continuum of strategies that reflect an evolutionary trade-off between a species’ mature size and its general shade-tolerance, in combination with differentiation based on disturbance based opportunities. Species that appear similar can therefore remain ecologically distinct over their lifetimes.

Sixteen percent of tree stems 10 cm diameter or greater recorded in seven 1 ha plots in Rabongo Forest, Uganda had stem damage attributable to elephants (Loxodonta africana). We propose four strategies that may help tree species persist under these conditions: repellence, resistance, tolerance and avoidance. We sought and found evidence for each strategy. Large, shade-tolerant Cynometra alexandri dominated basal area (often Ͼ50%) and showed severe scarring. Nearly 80 percent of stems were small pioneer species. Scarring frequency and intensity increased with stem size. Stem-size distributions declined steeply, implying a high mortality to growth rate ratio. Tree species with spiny stems or with known toxic bark defenses were unscarred. Epiphytic figs escaped damage while at small sizes. Mid-successional tree species were scarce and appeared sensitive to elephants. Savanna species were seldom scarred. Taking stem sizeeffects into account by using a per-stem logistic modeling approach, scarring became more probable with slower growth and with increasing species abundance, and also varied with location. Pioneer and shade-bearer guilds showed a deficit of intermediate-sized stems. Evidence that selective elephant damage is responsible for monodominant C. alexandri forests remains equivocal; however, elephants do influence tree diversity, forest structure, and the wider landscape.

Pengenalan dan penyerahan siswa murid SMK N 1 PKL.kuras kepada pihak PT,LIH Senin 04-maret-2013  Memberikan materi tentang tanaman kelapa sawit.  Membahas tanaman dikotil dan tanaman monokotil.  Membahas pendemen (tinkat perbandingan antara berat janjangan dan perasan minyak janjangan).  Mempelajari karakteristik bibit kelapa sawit unggul.  Rata-rata TBS : 28 -32 Ton/ha/tahun dengan potensi TBS : 40 ton/ha/tahun.  Laju pertumbuhan rata-rata 50 cm / tahun.  Rata-rata produksi CPO : 7 -9 Ton/ha/tahun dengan potensi 11 ton/ha/tahun Selasa 05-maret-2013

SMK Mata Pelajaran : PEMROGRAMAN DASAR Kelas / Semester : X /1 Kompetensi Inti* KI 1: Menghayati dan mengamalkan ajaran agama yang dianutnya KI 2: Menghayati dan Mengamalkan perilaku jujur, disiplin,tanggungjawab, peduli (gotong royong, kerjasama, toleran, damai), santun, responsif dan proaktif dan menunjukan sikap sebagai bagian dari solusi atas pelbagai permasalahan dalam berinteraksi secara efektif dengan lingkungan sosial dan alam serta dalam menempatkan diri sebagai cerminan bangsa dalam pergaulan dunia. KI 3: Memahami, menerapkan dan menganalisis pengetahuan faktual, konseptual, dan procedural berdasarkan rasa ingin tahunya tentang ilmu pengetahuan, teknologi, seni, budaya, dan humaniora dalam wawasan kemanusiaan, kebangsaan, kenegaraan, dan peradaban terkait penyebab fenomena dan kejadian dalam bidang kerja yang spesifik untuk memecahkan masalah. KI 4: Mengolah, menalar, dan menyaji dalam ranah konkret dan ranah abstrak terkait dengan pengembangan dari yang dipelajarinya di sekolah secara mandiri, dan mampu melaksanakan tugas spesifik di bawah pengawasan langsung. * Untuk kolom "Pembelajaran" diisi dengan pendekatan pembelajaran [bisa lebih dari satu]. Misalnya pendekatan kontekstual, portofolio, kolaboratif, belajar aktif, penyelesaian masalah. Setiap pendekatan dilengkapi dengan mengamati, menanya, eksperimen/explore, asosiasi, komunikasi sesuai dengan kebutuhan masing-masing pendekatan. kehidupan sehari-hari TIDAK PERLU DIISI Keterangan: Nilai-nilai spiritual dan sosial merupakan proses pembelajaran nilai secara tidak langsung (indirect values teaching). Dalam arti bahwa keterkaitan KI 1 dan KI 2 hanya akan terjadi dalam proses pembelajaran KI 3 dan KI 4.