Structural geology

The scientific study of the origin, history, and structure of the Earth.

Folds and Foliations Geometry of Folds Imagine a carpet lying flat on the floor. Push on one end of the carpet, and it will wrinkle or contort into a series of wavelike curves. Stresses developed during mountain building can similarly warp or bend bedding and foliation (or other planar features) in rock. The result a curve in the shape of a rock layer is called a fold. Geometric characteristics of folds. Not all folds look the same some look like arches, some look like troughs, and some have…

figure from a 1922 book about the geology of the Alps by Swiss structural geology genius and artistic master Albert Heim | 2021-03-19

Brittle Structures Joints and Veins Examples of joints and veins. If you look at the photographs of rock outcrops, you’ll notice thin dark lines that cross the rock faces. These lines represent traces of natural cracks along which the rock broke and separated into two pieces during brittle deformation. Geologists refer to such natural cracks as joints (figure above a, b). Rock bodies do not slide past each other on joints. Since joints are roughly planar structures, we define their…

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Faults and folds, and why they form . . . #rocks #rock #sandstone #earth #ignusrocks #geologystudent #geologyrocks #geologypage #layers…