MCMA

In light of US criticism that Al-Jazeera network is biased in its coverage against the United States by aiding the terrorist cause and the fact that most of the accusations of bias continue to be based on the claim that Arab media such as Al-Jazeera Arabic include the language of terror organizations, while its English-language counterpart, Al-Jazeera English, is being cleansed by changes and omissions, this research sought to investigate whether these claims could be validated. Examining online coverage of the US/Al Qaeda conflict in the Arabic-language Al-Jazeera website, these claims were measured against online coverage of the conflict in the English-language Al-Jazeera website. By content analyzing prominence of news stories (frequency and placement), use of sources and tone of coverage, the research demonstrates a significant difference regarding the placement of news stories between the English-and Arabic-language Al-Jazeera websites, but no further differences were found. The overwhelming majority of attributed sources were from the United States and its allies. Furthermore, results revealed Al-Jazeera websites did not shy away from negative coverage regarding all those involved in the conflict. By

Abstract/This study examined the online coverage of the Iraq War in the English-and Arabic-language Al-Jazeera websites. By content analyzing prominence of news stories, use of sources, and tone of coverage, this study tested whether Al-Jazeera news websites significantly differed in covering the conflict. Results showed a significant difference regarding the proportion of Iraqi news stories between the two websites. By and large, however, our analysis suggested no differences between the English-and Arabic- ...

This study examined the online coverage of the Iraq War in the English-and Arabic-language Al-Jazeera websites. By content analyzing prominence of news stories, use of sources, and tone of coverage, this study tested whether Al-Jazeera news websites significantly differed in covering the conflict. Results showed a significant difference regarding the proportion of Iraqi news stories between the two websites. By and large, however, our analysis suggested no differences between the English-and Arabic-language Al-Jazeera websites. Furthermore, the reporting in both sites relied heavily on U.S. sources and Iraqi sources in covering the conflict. 2 The Iraq War On Al-Jazeera Websites The Iraq War on Al-Jazeera Websites: Did the Englishand Arabic-language users experience similar online coverage? In March 2003, the United States and coalition countries invaded Iraq. Even though television made the 1991 Gulf War a “television war”, where audiences from over the world were able to watch the...

This study explored the online coverage of the U.S./Al Qaeda conflict in the Englishand Arabic-language Al-Jazeera websites. Utilizing prominence, use of sources, and agency as framing devices, it looked at how Al-Jazeera caters the news to different users online. By and large, results showed limited differences in coverage between the two websites. The overwhelming majority of attributed sources were from the United States and its allies. Furthermore, results revealed a trend of negative coverage regarding all of those involved in the conflict. DO ‘THEY’ FRAME IT DIFFERENTLY – PAGE 3 DO ‘THEY’ FRAME IT DIFFERENTLY?: Examining the Coverage of U.S./Al Qaeda Conflict in the English-and Arabic-Language Al-Jazeera Websites The United States has engaged in a long-term conflict with Al Qaeda and all individuals, organizations, and groups it believes may be connected to that organization. Less than one month after the 9/11 terrorist attack, the United States stroke against the Taliban Regi...

This study examined the online coverage of the Iraq War in the English-and Arabic-language Al-Jazeera websites. By content analyzing prominence of news stories, use of sources, and tone of coverage, this study tested whether Al-Jazeera news websites significantly differed in covering the conflict. Results showed a significant difference regarding the proportion of Iraqi news stories between the two websites. By and large, however, our analysis suggested no differences between the English-and Arabic-language Al-Jazeera websites. Furthermore, the reporting in both sites relied heavily on U.S. sources and Iraqi sources in covering the conflict. The Iraq War on Al-Jazeera Websites: Did the English-and Arabic-language users experience similar online coverage? In March 2003, the United States and coalition countries invaded Iraq. Even though television made the 1991 Gulf War a "television war", where audiences from over the world were able to watch the war live; during the 2003 Iraq War-with online reporting-the news media around the globe experienced a more dramatic revolution in war coverage. One of these media that closely covered this war online is Al-Jazeera network, the first twenty-four-hour all-news network in the Arab world. Like many traditional media, Al-Jazeera news network launched its own news website from which it dispensed the news (Severin & Tankard, 2001). On January 1, 2001 Al-Jazeera launched its Arabic-language website (Salem, 2003). In an attempt to reach English-language viewers, the network later launched its English-language website on September 1, 2003. Al-Jazeera websites have been important news sources about the Iraq War. They allowed more viewers to follow closely the recent conflict in the Middle East. According to Nielson/NetRatings, during the month of March 2003 (the month in which the war started), a wide range of online news sources experienced surges in traffics (See Appendix A). The Arabic-language Al-Jazeera website (Al-Jazeera.net), for example, was the fastest growing online news source during that month. It attracted more than one million unique visitors. By the end of March 2003, the Arabic-language website was ranked the 45 th most visited new source worldwide. Current literature, however, suggests that users of the two Al-Jazeera websites differ. A survey posted on the English-language Al-Jazeera website revealed that most

have helped to make the conference a success. The combination of pedagogical and content based presentations left conference attendees both excited and content. It is our hope that the following will either provide a synopsis of the presentations or offer even more information.

It is a common practice in psychological and psycho physiological studies to create experiments and subsequent results depending on various audiovisual stimuli. Examples vary between showing subjects certain images for inducing certain behaviors such as showing an image of a spider or snake to measure the reactions of fear, whereas some studies rely on audio stimuli. The process in each and every one of these studies are rigorously and meticulously evaluated for their methodologies, the shortcomings of the study is questioned in each step. Except for one crucial component: the choice of the audio and visual materials that are utilized in the studies. This paper examines why and how the neuroscience, psychophysiology, and psychology studies seem to overlook the importance of the social and cultural components of the audio and visual stimuli that are chosen for the studies. Often times researchers fall into their own biases to determine the audio and visual components in these studies which might inevitably effect the results of the research.

The film Avatar is a distinct example of the representation of the virtual/actual body dualism and can provide an understanding of the matter through the use of phenomenological approach to address the issues of virtual identities and nature/virtual binary opposition. As we identify the position of the virtual body and its position in society, it might be possible to understand how society functions in individual terms in virtual space with their experiences and identity formations. The study will help identify key actors in the process of virtual body/identity construction and also look into the disguise of the binary opposition of virtual vs. natural as evident in the film itself.

The hostile media effect (HME) has generally been tested in terms of ingroups and outgroups, with a "neutral" story in between. This ignores the nature of many social groups as being comprised of subgroups , often but not always sharing feelings of connectedness and purpose. In cases when bounded subgroups are at odds with one another, HME provides little guidance. A contested partisan primary provides such a case. This study takes identity centrality, candidate favorability, and perceived social network homogeneity as measures of partisanship and involvement, hypothesizing relationships between each and perceived bias against one's