Papers by Rajiv Chaudhary
Heat utilization from solar and biomass resources are considered for hybridization. Modeling of p... more Heat utilization from solar and biomass resources are considered for hybridization. Modeling of polygeneration process in hybrid solar-biomass power plant is considered. Thermodynamic evaluation are performed to identify the effect of various parameters. Primary Energy Saving of polygeneration process is determined. a b s t r a c t In the polygeneration process simultaneous production of power, vapor absorption refrigeration (VAR) cooling and multi-effect humidification and dehumidification (MEHD) desalination system from different heat sources in hybrid solar-biomass (HSB) system with higher energy efficiency take place. It is one of the solutions to fulfill energy requirements from renewable sources and also helps in the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions. The VAR cooling system operates using the extracted heat taken from turbine and condenser heat of the VAR cooling system is used in desalination system for production of drinking water as per demand requirement. Though the production of electricity decreases due to extraction of heat from turbine for VAR cooling and desalination, the complete system meets the energy requirements & increases the primary energy savings (PES). The thermodynamic evaluation and optimization of HSB system in polygeneration process for combined power, cooling and desalination is investigated to identify the effects of various operating parameters. Primary energy savings (PES) of polygeneration process in HSB system is achieved to 50.5%. The energy output is increased to 78.12% from this system as compared to simple power plant.
In the present work, we have shown the performance of solution-processable copper iodide (CuI) as... more In the present work, we have shown the performance of solution-processable copper iodide (CuI) as an alternative hole transporting layer (HTL) for polymeric solar cells. Optical spectra of the CuI thin film reveal highly transparent and practically no absorption in the range vis-NIR region (450e1110 nm). X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of CuI exhibits as a p-type semiconductor as well as crystalline nature. The photovoltaic devices were fabricated using PCDTBT and PTB7 as donor materials blended with PC 71 BM as an acceptor material. The power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) based on CuI as an HTL have been achieved to up to 3.04% and 4.48% for PCDTBT and PTB7 based donor materials respectively with a configuration based on ITO/CuI(40 nm)/active layer (60 nm)/Al (120 nm). This study clearly indicated that the devices made with CuI as an HTL showed superior performance than the device fabricated from PEDOT:PSS layer as an HTL. Morphological characterization of the HTL using scanning electron micro-scopy (SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM) were carried for better understanding.
Major structural support to the human body is provided by the skeleton, which comprises several j... more Major structural support to the human body is provided by the skeleton, which comprises several joins through which bones are connected, with each other, forming a structure. Apart from performing various roles of kinematics, posture, muscular contraction control, and internal organs protection, Skeleton also withstands various types of loadings applied to the body in various physical activities. Subsequently, it becomes important to study the mechanical behavior of the bone, through its various mechanical properties like Strength, Toughness, Fatigue strength and Hardness etc, which have been matter of interest in this context. Out of various types of loadings, the suddenly applied load has been more critical to the skeleton as well as bones, as through suddenly applied load or impact considerably more stress is developed in comparison to other loading conditions. Also, the explanation of this mechanical property from the fracture mechanics concept looks to be very prospective, with more and more new possibilities. Although the basic methods of assessing this property is based on load-bearing capacity in form of stress, as done with other engineering materials. But biomaterials like bone, being a living material, happens to be very different which are capable of self-repair and adaptation. Obviously, the Quantitative measurement of toughness of bone would become an integral part of the mechanical assessment of this biomaterial and in evaluating this, we also need to address some other issues like age, activity, deficiencies, disease and therapeutic treatment etc. In this context, the considerations have been made about the issues related to various physical activities, sports, exercises, as well as injuries/fracture and its effect over toughness of bone have been studied. Different studies have been made by the researchers focusing on various aspects of this mechanical property of toughness, with respect to principle, theory, methodology as well as various experimental evaluations done with this biomaterial. In this paper an attempt has been made to make a comparative study of various aspects of evaluating toughness of bone and to assess structural issues etc of the bone in this context.
Biodiesel is fast emerging as a sustainable solution to tackle the twin crisis of fast depletion ... more Biodiesel is fast emerging as a sustainable solution to tackle the twin crisis of fast depletion of petroleum derived diesel and environmental squalor due to its burning. The different physicochemical properties of biodiesel need to be under acceptable limits of different quality norms, as many technical and economic issues are encountered during the process of biodiesel production. The off specification biodiesel is likely to retard the growth of biodiesel industry world over. The above difficulties can be encountered by optimizing the process parameters which are likely to affect the yield as well as quality of biodiesel. During the present work, an attempt was made to optimize the process parameters of biodiesel production from high FFA feedstocks, direct transesterification of which was difficult. A two stage Integrated pre-esterification of free fatty acid and base catalyzed transesterification process was adopted for conversion of these feedstocks into methyl ester. The operating parameters studied were molar ratio, concentration of catalyst, temperature and agitation speed for both the stages. The optimized process parameters during esterification of free fatty acid for Jatropha are molar ratio 9:1, catalyst concentration (PTSA) 3%, temperature 65°C, agitation 375 rpm and the yield was found to be 9% after 2 hrs. The optimized process parameters in esterification for free fatty acid process for Karanja are molar ratio 9:1, catalyst concentration (PTSA) 3%, temperature 65°C, agitation 375 rpm and the yield was found to be 5.5%.after 2 hrs. The optimized process parameters during esterification of free fatty acid are : for Animal Tallow molar ratio 12:1, catalyst concentration (PTSA) 5%, temperature 65°C, agitation 375 rpm and the yield was found to be 64% after 3 hrs and for Acid Oil are molar ratio 12:1, catalyst concentration (PTSA) 7%, temperature 65°C, agitation 375 rpm and the yield was found to be 73%.after 3 hrs.
Every Energy options would be a matter of great interest for Electrical power generation too. Als... more Every Energy options would be a matter of great interest for Electrical power generation too. Also there are several related issues of the fuels used for power generation. The high energy demand, and the derived problems of the widespread use of fossil fuels make increasingly necessary the development of renewable energy sources. The diesel engine dominates in the field of technology because they can be easily operated and are more fuel efficient. In recent years systematic efforts have been undertaken by many researchers to determine the suitability of vegetable oil, animal oil fats and their derivatives as fuel or additives to diesel. The Government of India also has approved the National Policy on Biofuels on December 24, 2009, encouraging use of renewable energy resources as alternative fuels. 2017.
Quad rotor is a small Aerial Vehicle, which is lifted as well as propelled by four motors and con... more Quad rotor is a small Aerial Vehicle, which is lifted as well as propelled by four motors and control of vehicle is achieved by altering the pitch and rotation rate of one or more rotor discs. In comparison to a classical helicopter, Quad rotor is simple and easy to make, because of the absence of moving parts and the rotors axis being fixed. For achieving the control of such a highly unstable open-loop system, as the rotational speed of each rotor needs to be independently controlled, which makes it a challenging engineering problem.By virtue of advances made in the recent years, in MEMS (Micro-Electromechanical Systems), electrical energy accumulators, actuators and smaller integrated micro-controlled boards, number of studies and researches have grown in the field of UAVs and autonomous aerial robots. One such UAV is Quadrotor, over which research and development has been carried out, not only by universities and research institutions for civilian applications but also for military purposes. It is due to the inherent characteristics of UAV (Quad rotor),such as high manoeuvring ability at low translational speeds and in small volumes while being able to carry significant payload, thus making them especially adequate for aerial surveillance and monitoring tasks.
Progress or Growth of any country is directly associated with the Skills development of its peopl... more Progress or Growth of any country is directly associated with the Skills development of its people. In recent times, the development of technical skills has assumed more importance because of the increase in technological applications in several fields of life. For this purpose, requirement of more number of skillful technical manpower has also increased. Technical education in India contributes a major share to the overall education system and plays a vital role in the social and economic development of our nation. In India, AICTE has been granted statutory powers by the Parliament act, through which technical education is imparted at various levels such as: craftsmanship, diploma, degree, post-graduate and research in specialized fields, catering to various requirements for technological development and economic progress. The pace with which new Knowledge or Information is replacing or updating the old one, it has become extremely important to adopt some system to tackle the situation. The principles underlying the concept of Information Literacy are as old as higher education itself. It provides the ability to know when there is a need for information, to be able to identify, locate, evaluate, and effectively use that information for the issue or problem at hand. Policymakers, Administrators as well as Faculty have expectations about how students will acquire, analyze, and use information related to courses that they have been offered. However, the usage of the term in contemporary educational practice has brought these various elements together into a single concept that has potential, as a way to cope with the challenges of the "Information Age." An effort has been done in this paper to underline the importance of the Information Literacy, with respect to Technical Education..
Fast depletion of fossil fuels coupled with environmental degradation has mandated the necessity ... more Fast depletion of fossil fuels coupled with environmental degradation has mandated the necessity of alternative fuels. The feasibility of using a variety of alternative fuels such as hydrogen, alcohols, biogas, producer gas and variety of vegetable oils and their derivatives has already been evaluated. However, in Indian context, the vegetable oils based fuels have the potential to contribute significantly to the energy mix of the country. As neat vegetable oils are not suitable as a diesel fuel, their derivative commonly known as methyl ester of vegetable oils or biodiesel are amongst the most promising renewable alternative to diesel. During the present study, a medium capacity diesel engine was fuelled with biodiesel derived from multi feedstocks e.g. Rice bran Oil, Thumba Oil, Jatropha Oil and Karanja Oil. The performance, emission and combustion characteristics were recorded with different biodiesel fuels and results compared with base line data of diesel. The brake thermal efficiency was lower and brake specific energy consumption was higher for biodiesel fuels than diesel fuel. Exhaust temperature was found to be higher for diesel as compared to biodiesel fuels. CO2 has shown an upward trend for biodiesel fuels in comparison to diesel. CO, HC and Smoke Opacity have shown a downward trend for biodiesel fuels in comparison to diesel. NOx have been found to be higher for biodiesel fuels. For biodiesel fuels, Ignition was found to start earlier as compared to diesel fuel. Maximum in-cylinder gas pressure was found to be lower for biodiesel fuels. The HRR for biodiesel fuels were lower than the diesel as diesel was found to have higher ignition delay than biodiesel fuels.
Journal of scientific and industrial research
This study presents performance behaviors of a commercial diesel engine fueled with diesel and Ja... more This study presents performance behaviors of a commercial diesel engine fueled with diesel and Jatropha based biodiesel (B100) at various loads (up to 100%) using standard (conventional) and three new face profile designs (I, II & III) of piston rings. Face profiles of piston rings had considerable impact on engine's brake thermal efficiency (BTE), brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), and mass flow rate, irrespective of fuels used. BTE of engine fueled with diesel increases 2-8% with new face profile design (III) of piston rings in comparison to standard (conventional) piston rings. BTE enhances 8-16% when engine is fueled with biodiesel using face profile design (III) on piston rings. Corresponding to increase in BTE, recorded reduction in BSFC (biodiesel) is 28-34%. Industrial application of the results of present study may be useful in saving of fuels.
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
ABSTRACT
Engineering analysis, mostly has been done, with the engineering materials, which are inanimate o... more Engineering analysis, mostly has been done, with the engineering materials, which are inanimate objects. But due to diversity of applications, importance has grown for studying various aspects of the mechanical properties of the materials, which are of bio origin, called Biomaterials. One such important biomaterial is Bone, which performs various functions like shielding body's vital organs from trauma, serving as levers for muscles to contract against, and also serving several functions, which are important from mechanical engineering point of view. Irrespective of its biological function, bone is one of the most interesting materials known in terms of structure–property relationships. Bone is often termed with various synonyms like hard tissue, mineralized tissue, and calcified tissue, while describing the structure and properties of it. Bone adapts to mechanical stresses largely by changing its size and shape, which are major determinants of its resistance to fracture. Tissue...
Composite materials are made by combination of two or more distinct materials or phases, for impr... more Composite materials are made by combination of two or more distinct materials or phases, for improving the properties, which are found to be better than the individual components, that too, with options of low density and light weight. In Composite materials, the individual components retain their individual properties, which peculiarity is opposite to that of metallic alloys. It is important to explore the prospects of bio materials in composites, which may be used for biomedical, automobiles, packaging and other engineering applications. Production of bio composites from renewable sources, with desired Physical, Chemical and Mechanical properties of the components, has been a challenging task. This necessitated to investigate the mechanical aspects of bio fibers. In this work, the aspects of the mechanical properties of bio-fibers, have been studied. It was found that bio fibers have good prospects in field of mechanical properties.
Ball bearings provide rotational freedom and support for transmitting the load between two ends o... more Ball bearings provide rotational freedom and support for transmitting the load between two ends of machine. Roller bearing defect is a major factor of failure in rotating machinery that affects its proper functioning which results in substantial time and economic losses. Therefore, condition monitoring of roller bearing is important and the study of severity of defects are necessarily required in order to avoid catastrophic consequences. The analysis of signal resulting from measurements taken from outer machineries has proven to be effective, by detection of failure in bearings over rotating shaft. The authors have used a method based on the vibration analysis for detection of defects in rolling element bearings with single or multiple defects on different components of the bearing structure using the time and frequency domain parameters. A dynamic loading model is used in order to create the rotary motion of bearings. A vibration analyser is used for vibration diagnosis and on-sit...
Practice of Energy harvesting is very old, which has been based on established principles and the... more Practice of Energy harvesting is very old, which has been based on established principles and theories, which is utilized in various machines and devices. for powering sensor networks and mobile electronics. Systems can scavenge power from human activity or derive limited energy from ambient heat, light, radio, or vibrations. Ongoing power management developments enable battery-powered electronics to live longer. Such advances include dynamic optimization of voltage and clock rate, hybrid analog-digital designs, and clever wake-up procedures that keep the electronics mostly inactive. Applying suck techniques to larger machines such as treadmill and bicycle, by using various dynamometers in a gym facility or at home can also produce renewable energy in large amount. Humans release a lot of energy from their everyday activities, such as simple breathing and walking. Energy harvesting's true legacy dates to the water wheel and windmill, and credible approaches that scavenge energy ...
Surface Roughness is an important aspect in mechanical engineering design depending on the applic... more Surface Roughness is an important aspect in mechanical engineering design depending on the application of the
component in usage. Friction, wear and power transmission depend on material surface and contact environment. Objective
Consideration may be with respect to aesthetic view, stress condition, precision fits, smooth motion etc. However, the critical
constraints are surface roughness, tolerances and nominal size for the selection criteria of the parts. Since Taguchi method
systematically reveals the complex cause and evolves the relationship between design parameters along with taking
consideration of performance. Many researchers have used Taguchi techniques for design of experimental studies. The
present study focusses on the investigations made on drilling using Taguchi Techniques.
A review has been performed on modelling and control of Quad-Rotor unmanned arial vehicles (UAVs)... more A review has been performed on modelling and control of Quad-Rotor unmanned arial vehicles (UAVs) based on earlier published works.This research develops a thorough understanding of the system's behaviour, whereas it can be used as case study, for experimenting with control techniques and other abilities developed. The main objective is to arrive at a complete and as realistic as possible conclusion, that too without unnecessary complexity, by using simulation model in Mat lab/Simulink, allowing further immediate use of the quad rotor in future studies.
Roller bearing defect is a major factor of failure in rotating machinery that affects proper func... more Roller bearing defect is a major factor of failure in rotating machinery that affects proper functioning of system which results in substantial time and economic losses. Therefore, condition monitoring of roller bearing is important and the study of severity of defects are necessarily required in order to avoid catastrophic consequences. Defects monitoring during dynamic loading conditions of rotational machineries with the use of contactless, non-destructive infrared thermographic method is proposed. By using a rotating ball bearing, passive thermographic experiment was performed as an alternative technique to proceed the condition monitoring. Based on the results, the temperature characteristics of the ball bearing under dynamic loading conditions were analyzed thoroughly. Also, a comparison of these results was done for different bearings with characteristic defects. As a result, it was confirmed that infrared thermography method could be adopted to monitor and diagnose the faults by evaluating quantitatively and qualitatively the temperature characteristics according to the condition of the ball bearing.
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Papers by Rajiv Chaudhary
component in usage. Friction, wear and power transmission depend on material surface and contact environment. Objective
Consideration may be with respect to aesthetic view, stress condition, precision fits, smooth motion etc. However, the critical
constraints are surface roughness, tolerances and nominal size for the selection criteria of the parts. Since Taguchi method
systematically reveals the complex cause and evolves the relationship between design parameters along with taking
consideration of performance. Many researchers have used Taguchi techniques for design of experimental studies. The
present study focusses on the investigations made on drilling using Taguchi Techniques.
component in usage. Friction, wear and power transmission depend on material surface and contact environment. Objective
Consideration may be with respect to aesthetic view, stress condition, precision fits, smooth motion etc. However, the critical
constraints are surface roughness, tolerances and nominal size for the selection criteria of the parts. Since Taguchi method
systematically reveals the complex cause and evolves the relationship between design parameters along with taking
consideration of performance. Many researchers have used Taguchi techniques for design of experimental studies. The
present study focusses on the investigations made on drilling using Taguchi Techniques.