Skin acts as a major target as well as a principal barrier for
topical/transdermal drug delivery.... more Skin acts as a major target as well as a principal barrier for topical/transdermal drug delivery. Despite the many advantages of this system, the major obstacle is the low diffusion rate of drugs across the stratum corneum. Several methods have been tried to increase the permeation rate of drugs temporarily. One simple and convenient approach is application of drugs in formulation with elastic vesicles or skin enhancers. Vesicular system is one of the most controversial methods for transdermal delivery of active substances in that ethosome are the ethanolic phospholipids vesicles which are used mainly for transdermal delivery of drugs. Ethosomes have higher penetration rate through skin due to its ethanolic content. In this article reviews various aspect of ethosomes including their mechanism of penetration, preparation, advantages, characterization, composition, preparation, application. These carriers open new challenges and opportunities for the development of novel improved therapies.
Lipid nanoparticles are an alternative carrier system to liposomes and emulsions. This review pap... more Lipid nanoparticles are an alternative carrier system to liposomes and emulsions. This review paper focuses on lipid nanoparticles for cosmetic and topical application. Production of lipid nanoparticles and final products containing lipid nanoparticles is feasible by well-established production methods. Lipid nanoparticle exhibit many features for topical application of cosmetics and pharmaceutics, i.e. controlled release of actives, Physical and chemical stability of active pharmaceutical ingredients, drug targeting, occlusion, film formation and associated with it penetration enhancement and increase of skin hydration. Due to the production of lipid nanoparticles from physiological and/or biodegradable lipids, this carrier system exhibits an excellent tolerability. The lipid nanoparticles are a “nanosafe” carrier. Furthermore, an overview of the cosmetic products currently on the market is given and the improvement of the benefit/risk ratio of the topical therapy is shown.
Since the beginning of the 1990s the lipid nanoparticles were getting a growing interest
from the... more Since the beginning of the 1990s the lipid nanoparticles were getting a growing interest from the pharmaceutical technology research group’s world wide. Nowadays solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN), nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) and lipid drug conjugate (LDC) have been already investigated as carrier systems for many applications. This review article explains what was the need to develop new concept for lipid Nanoparticle. SLN have a lot of problem like drug loading as well as drug expulsion on long time storage due to β modification of solid lipid, To overcome this NLC were developed. SLN & NLC are basically use for loading of hydrophobic drug where LDC developed to overcome such problem. The approach used to select the solid as well as liquid lipid were discus in this article which help in selecting appropriate lipid for formulation of lipid Nanoparticle.
The aim of the study is to prepare solid lipid Microparticle (SLM) dispersion of aceclofenac for ... more The aim of the study is to prepare solid lipid Microparticle (SLM) dispersion of aceclofenac for the treatment of inflammation and allied condition. SLM prepared by melt emulsification & solvent evaporation methods were characterized by Malvern instrument for particle size and particle size distribution and zeta potential analysis. The particle size of dispersion was further confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies. IR study of pure drug, Stearic acid and drug loaded solid lipid Microparticle were performed. In-vitro release study was performed on modified franz diffusion assembly which showed that drug release maximum 79.86% in 24 hours.
The aim of this study was to prepare nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC)-based topical gel of ace... more The aim of this study was to prepare nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC)-based topical gel of aceclofenac for the treatment of inflammation and allied conditions. Stearic acid as the solid lipid, oleic acid as the liquid lipid, pluronic F68 as the surfactant, and phospholipon 90G as the co-surfactant were used. NLCs were prepared by melt-emulsification, low-temperature solidification, and high-speed homogenization methods. Characterization of the NLC dispersion was carried out through particle size analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and an in vitro release study. The anti-inflammatory effect of the NLC gel was assessed by the rat paw edema technique and compared to marketed aceclofenac gel. The NLC dispersions exhibited d90% between 233 nm and 286 nm. All of the NLC showed high entrapment efficiency ranging from 67% to 82%. The particle size of NLC was further confirmed by the SEM study. The result of DSC showed that aceclofenac was dispersed in NLC in an amorphous state. Both the entrapment and release rate were affected by the percentage of oleic acid, but the method of preparation affected only the entrapment efficiency. The nanoparticulate dispersion was suitably gelled and assessed for in vitro permeation. Finally, NLC-based gels were found to possess superior (almost double) the anti-inflammatory activity compared to the marketed product. The anti-inflammatory activity of NLC gel showed a rapid onset of action, as well as a prolonged duration of action as compared with the marketed gel.
The objective of this review is to focus on the application of phytosome technology along with it... more The objective of this review is to focus on the application of phytosome technology along with its preparation, various properties and characterization. The recent development and conducted works of various researchers have been studied thoroughly to establish the transdermal route as a potential way to deliver phytoconstituents. Plant derived products or plant extracts are increasingly receiving attention as dietary supplements for the homeostatic management of inflammation, toxicities, cancers, weight loss and other chronic or acute degenerative disorders. But these products frequently face stability and bioavailability problems. Plant products after their isolation become prone to instability and are potentially unfit to cross the biomembrane as such. Some plant products show hydrophobicity and their delivery to systemic circulation is a quite difficult task. The phytosome technique reduces these tasks to reasonable extents. Phytosomes or herbosomes are lipid compatible molecular complexes produced by interaction of standardized plant extracts and phospholipids with a stoichiometric ratio, having better stability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics profile. The phytosome or Herbosome technique increases the hydrophilicity of highly lipophilic drug there by making it suitable for drug delivery and increases the lipophilicity of hydrophilic phytoconstituents adequately to cross biological membrane. The topical application of phytosomes for cosmetic purpose has already been proven. This review contains a comparative account of liposomes and phytosomes along with recent advancements in the field of phytosome technology with a special concern to transdermal drug delivery
Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) were developed at the beginning of the
1990s as an alternative ca... more Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) were developed at the beginning of the 1990s as an alternative carrier system to emulsions, liposomes and polymeric nanoparticles. The paper reviews advantages also potential limitations of SLN for the use in topical pharmaceutical formulations. Features discussed include stabilisation of incorporated compounds, controlled release, occlusivity, film formation on skin including in vivo effects on the skin. As a novel type of lipid nanoparticles with solid matrix, the nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) are presented, the structural specialities described and improvements discussed, for example, increase in loading capacity, physical and chemical long-term stability, triggered release and potentially supersaturated topical formulations. For NLC, the technologies to produce the final topical formulation are described, especially the production of highly concentrated lipid nanoparticle dispersions. 30–80% lipid content.
Lipid nanoparticles were developed in the last decade of the last century as alternative carrier ... more Lipid nanoparticles were developed in the last decade of the last century as alternative carrier system to emul sions, liposomes and polymeric nanoparticles. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) are the two main types of li pid nanoparticles. The present review focuses on the utility of SLN in terms of their advantages, production methodology, characterization and applications. Due to their unique size-dependent properties, lipid nanoparticles offer the possibility to develop new therapeutics. The ability to incorporate drugs into nanocarriers offers a new prototype in drug delivery that could be used for secondary and tertiary levels of drug targeting. Hence, solid lipid nanoparticles hold great promise for reaching the goal of controlled and site specific drug delivery and hence have attracted wide attention of researchers.
Skin acts as a major target as well as a principal barrier for
topical/transdermal drug delivery.... more Skin acts as a major target as well as a principal barrier for topical/transdermal drug delivery. Despite the many advantages of this system, the major obstacle is the low diffusion rate of drugs across the stratum corneum. Several methods have been tried to increase the permeation rate of drugs temporarily. One simple and convenient approach is application of drugs in formulation with elastic vesicles or skin enhancers. Vesicular system is one of the most controversial methods for transdermal delivery of active substances in that ethosome are the ethanolic phospholipids vesicles which are used mainly for transdermal delivery of drugs. Ethosomes have higher penetration rate through skin due to its ethanolic content. In this article reviews various aspect of ethosomes including their mechanism of penetration, preparation, advantages, characterization, composition, preparation, application. These carriers open new challenges and opportunities for the development of novel improved therapies.
Lipid nanoparticles are an alternative carrier system to liposomes and emulsions. This review pap... more Lipid nanoparticles are an alternative carrier system to liposomes and emulsions. This review paper focuses on lipid nanoparticles for cosmetic and topical application. Production of lipid nanoparticles and final products containing lipid nanoparticles is feasible by well-established production methods. Lipid nanoparticle exhibit many features for topical application of cosmetics and pharmaceutics, i.e. controlled release of actives, Physical and chemical stability of active pharmaceutical ingredients, drug targeting, occlusion, film formation and associated with it penetration enhancement and increase of skin hydration. Due to the production of lipid nanoparticles from physiological and/or biodegradable lipids, this carrier system exhibits an excellent tolerability. The lipid nanoparticles are a “nanosafe” carrier. Furthermore, an overview of the cosmetic products currently on the market is given and the improvement of the benefit/risk ratio of the topical therapy is shown.
Since the beginning of the 1990s the lipid nanoparticles were getting a growing interest
from the... more Since the beginning of the 1990s the lipid nanoparticles were getting a growing interest from the pharmaceutical technology research group’s world wide. Nowadays solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN), nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) and lipid drug conjugate (LDC) have been already investigated as carrier systems for many applications. This review article explains what was the need to develop new concept for lipid Nanoparticle. SLN have a lot of problem like drug loading as well as drug expulsion on long time storage due to β modification of solid lipid, To overcome this NLC were developed. SLN & NLC are basically use for loading of hydrophobic drug where LDC developed to overcome such problem. The approach used to select the solid as well as liquid lipid were discus in this article which help in selecting appropriate lipid for formulation of lipid Nanoparticle.
The aim of the study is to prepare solid lipid Microparticle (SLM) dispersion of aceclofenac for ... more The aim of the study is to prepare solid lipid Microparticle (SLM) dispersion of aceclofenac for the treatment of inflammation and allied condition. SLM prepared by melt emulsification & solvent evaporation methods were characterized by Malvern instrument for particle size and particle size distribution and zeta potential analysis. The particle size of dispersion was further confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies. IR study of pure drug, Stearic acid and drug loaded solid lipid Microparticle were performed. In-vitro release study was performed on modified franz diffusion assembly which showed that drug release maximum 79.86% in 24 hours.
The aim of this study was to prepare nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC)-based topical gel of ace... more The aim of this study was to prepare nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC)-based topical gel of aceclofenac for the treatment of inflammation and allied conditions. Stearic acid as the solid lipid, oleic acid as the liquid lipid, pluronic F68 as the surfactant, and phospholipon 90G as the co-surfactant were used. NLCs were prepared by melt-emulsification, low-temperature solidification, and high-speed homogenization methods. Characterization of the NLC dispersion was carried out through particle size analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and an in vitro release study. The anti-inflammatory effect of the NLC gel was assessed by the rat paw edema technique and compared to marketed aceclofenac gel. The NLC dispersions exhibited d90% between 233 nm and 286 nm. All of the NLC showed high entrapment efficiency ranging from 67% to 82%. The particle size of NLC was further confirmed by the SEM study. The result of DSC showed that aceclofenac was dispersed in NLC in an amorphous state. Both the entrapment and release rate were affected by the percentage of oleic acid, but the method of preparation affected only the entrapment efficiency. The nanoparticulate dispersion was suitably gelled and assessed for in vitro permeation. Finally, NLC-based gels were found to possess superior (almost double) the anti-inflammatory activity compared to the marketed product. The anti-inflammatory activity of NLC gel showed a rapid onset of action, as well as a prolonged duration of action as compared with the marketed gel.
The objective of this review is to focus on the application of phytosome technology along with it... more The objective of this review is to focus on the application of phytosome technology along with its preparation, various properties and characterization. The recent development and conducted works of various researchers have been studied thoroughly to establish the transdermal route as a potential way to deliver phytoconstituents. Plant derived products or plant extracts are increasingly receiving attention as dietary supplements for the homeostatic management of inflammation, toxicities, cancers, weight loss and other chronic or acute degenerative disorders. But these products frequently face stability and bioavailability problems. Plant products after their isolation become prone to instability and are potentially unfit to cross the biomembrane as such. Some plant products show hydrophobicity and their delivery to systemic circulation is a quite difficult task. The phytosome technique reduces these tasks to reasonable extents. Phytosomes or herbosomes are lipid compatible molecular complexes produced by interaction of standardized plant extracts and phospholipids with a stoichiometric ratio, having better stability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics profile. The phytosome or Herbosome technique increases the hydrophilicity of highly lipophilic drug there by making it suitable for drug delivery and increases the lipophilicity of hydrophilic phytoconstituents adequately to cross biological membrane. The topical application of phytosomes for cosmetic purpose has already been proven. This review contains a comparative account of liposomes and phytosomes along with recent advancements in the field of phytosome technology with a special concern to transdermal drug delivery
Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) were developed at the beginning of the
1990s as an alternative ca... more Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) were developed at the beginning of the 1990s as an alternative carrier system to emulsions, liposomes and polymeric nanoparticles. The paper reviews advantages also potential limitations of SLN for the use in topical pharmaceutical formulations. Features discussed include stabilisation of incorporated compounds, controlled release, occlusivity, film formation on skin including in vivo effects on the skin. As a novel type of lipid nanoparticles with solid matrix, the nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) are presented, the structural specialities described and improvements discussed, for example, increase in loading capacity, physical and chemical long-term stability, triggered release and potentially supersaturated topical formulations. For NLC, the technologies to produce the final topical formulation are described, especially the production of highly concentrated lipid nanoparticle dispersions. 30–80% lipid content.
Lipid nanoparticles were developed in the last decade of the last century as alternative carrier ... more Lipid nanoparticles were developed in the last decade of the last century as alternative carrier system to emul sions, liposomes and polymeric nanoparticles. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) are the two main types of li pid nanoparticles. The present review focuses on the utility of SLN in terms of their advantages, production methodology, characterization and applications. Due to their unique size-dependent properties, lipid nanoparticles offer the possibility to develop new therapeutics. The ability to incorporate drugs into nanocarriers offers a new prototype in drug delivery that could be used for secondary and tertiary levels of drug targeting. Hence, solid lipid nanoparticles hold great promise for reaching the goal of controlled and site specific drug delivery and hence have attracted wide attention of researchers.
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Papers by Dilip Patel
topical/transdermal drug delivery. Despite the many advantages of this
system, the major obstacle is the low diffusion rate of drugs across the
stratum corneum. Several methods have been tried to increase the
permeation rate of drugs temporarily. One simple and convenient
approach is application of drugs in formulation with elastic vesicles or
skin enhancers. Vesicular system is one of the most controversial
methods for transdermal delivery of active substances in that ethosome
are the ethanolic phospholipids vesicles which are used mainly for
transdermal delivery of drugs. Ethosomes have higher penetration rate
through skin due to its ethanolic content. In this article reviews various
aspect of ethosomes including their mechanism of penetration, preparation, advantages,
characterization, composition, preparation, application. These carriers open new challenges
and opportunities for the development of novel improved therapies.
nanoparticles for cosmetic and topical application. Production of lipid nanoparticles and final products containing lipid
nanoparticles is feasible by well-established production methods. Lipid nanoparticle exhibit many features for topical
application of cosmetics and pharmaceutics, i.e. controlled release of actives, Physical and chemical stability of active
pharmaceutical ingredients, drug targeting, occlusion, film formation and associated with it penetration enhancement and
increase of skin hydration. Due to the production of lipid nanoparticles from physiological and/or biodegradable lipids, this
carrier system exhibits an excellent tolerability. The lipid nanoparticles are a “nanosafe” carrier. Furthermore, an overview of
the cosmetic products currently on the market is given and the improvement of the benefit/risk ratio of the topical therapy is
shown.
from the pharmaceutical technology research group’s world wide. Nowadays solid lipid
nanoparticles (SLN), nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) and lipid drug conjugate (LDC)
have been already investigated as carrier systems for many applications. This review article
explains what was the need to develop new concept for lipid Nanoparticle. SLN have a lot of
problem like drug loading as well as drug expulsion on long time storage due to β
modification of solid lipid, To overcome this NLC were developed. SLN & NLC are basically
use for loading of hydrophobic drug where LDC developed to overcome such problem. The
approach used to select the solid as well as liquid lipid were discus in this article which help
in selecting appropriate lipid for formulation of lipid Nanoparticle.
1990s as an alternative carrier system to emulsions, liposomes and
polymeric nanoparticles. The paper reviews advantages also potential
limitations of SLN for the use in topical pharmaceutical formulations.
Features discussed include stabilisation of incorporated compounds,
controlled release, occlusivity, film formation on skin including in vivo
effects on the skin. As a novel type of lipid nanoparticles with solid
matrix, the nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) are presented, the
structural specialities described and improvements discussed, for
example, increase in loading capacity, physical and chemical long-term
stability, triggered release and potentially supersaturated topical
formulations. For NLC, the technologies to produce the final topical
formulation are described, especially the production of highly concentrated lipid nanoparticle
dispersions. 30–80% lipid content.
topical/transdermal drug delivery. Despite the many advantages of this
system, the major obstacle is the low diffusion rate of drugs across the
stratum corneum. Several methods have been tried to increase the
permeation rate of drugs temporarily. One simple and convenient
approach is application of drugs in formulation with elastic vesicles or
skin enhancers. Vesicular system is one of the most controversial
methods for transdermal delivery of active substances in that ethosome
are the ethanolic phospholipids vesicles which are used mainly for
transdermal delivery of drugs. Ethosomes have higher penetration rate
through skin due to its ethanolic content. In this article reviews various
aspect of ethosomes including their mechanism of penetration, preparation, advantages,
characterization, composition, preparation, application. These carriers open new challenges
and opportunities for the development of novel improved therapies.
nanoparticles for cosmetic and topical application. Production of lipid nanoparticles and final products containing lipid
nanoparticles is feasible by well-established production methods. Lipid nanoparticle exhibit many features for topical
application of cosmetics and pharmaceutics, i.e. controlled release of actives, Physical and chemical stability of active
pharmaceutical ingredients, drug targeting, occlusion, film formation and associated with it penetration enhancement and
increase of skin hydration. Due to the production of lipid nanoparticles from physiological and/or biodegradable lipids, this
carrier system exhibits an excellent tolerability. The lipid nanoparticles are a “nanosafe” carrier. Furthermore, an overview of
the cosmetic products currently on the market is given and the improvement of the benefit/risk ratio of the topical therapy is
shown.
from the pharmaceutical technology research group’s world wide. Nowadays solid lipid
nanoparticles (SLN), nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) and lipid drug conjugate (LDC)
have been already investigated as carrier systems for many applications. This review article
explains what was the need to develop new concept for lipid Nanoparticle. SLN have a lot of
problem like drug loading as well as drug expulsion on long time storage due to β
modification of solid lipid, To overcome this NLC were developed. SLN & NLC are basically
use for loading of hydrophobic drug where LDC developed to overcome such problem. The
approach used to select the solid as well as liquid lipid were discus in this article which help
in selecting appropriate lipid for formulation of lipid Nanoparticle.
1990s as an alternative carrier system to emulsions, liposomes and
polymeric nanoparticles. The paper reviews advantages also potential
limitations of SLN for the use in topical pharmaceutical formulations.
Features discussed include stabilisation of incorporated compounds,
controlled release, occlusivity, film formation on skin including in vivo
effects on the skin. As a novel type of lipid nanoparticles with solid
matrix, the nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) are presented, the
structural specialities described and improvements discussed, for
example, increase in loading capacity, physical and chemical long-term
stability, triggered release and potentially supersaturated topical
formulations. For NLC, the technologies to produce the final topical
formulation are described, especially the production of highly concentrated lipid nanoparticle
dispersions. 30–80% lipid content.