China in the 1960s: ‘The U.N. is a "dirty international political stock exchange in the grip of a... more China in the 1960s: ‘The U.N. is a "dirty international political stock exchange in the grip of a few big powers" China in 2019: Xi Jinping pledges 8,000 UN peacekeeping troops, US$1 billion to peace fund.
China’s attitude towards the UN as capture in the progression above captures Hempson-Jones’ thesis, as laid out in his 2005 paper The Evolution of China's Engagement with International Governmental Organizations: Toward a Liberal Foreign Policy? very well.
In his 1999 paper 'Culture Against History? The Politics of East Asian Identity,' Arif Dirlik exa... more In his 1999 paper 'Culture Against History? The Politics of East Asian Identity,' Arif Dirlik examined the changes in attitudes towards the concept of cultural identity and especially zoomed in on the notion of East Asian Identity. This paper will attempt to summarize his core arguments and outline the aforementioned changes attitudes towards East Asian identity.
To try to understand what Chinese Culture and how it relates to domestic politics and ultimately,... more To try to understand what Chinese Culture and how it relates to domestic politics and ultimately, it’s foreign policy, I have decided to summarize Elizabeth Perry’s ‘The Populist Dream of Chinese Democracy’ and sought to apply it to Chinese Foreign Policy practice
It is hard not to agree with Stephen Walt from the outset in his 1998 paper; International Relati... more It is hard not to agree with Stephen Walt from the outset in his 1998 paper; International Relations: One World, Many Theories, in which he argues that despite their sometimes lack of popularity among policy makers and the array of competing theories in the discipline of International Relations, the world, including the skeptic policy makers, need the variety as it provides a wide toolkit with which to explain various phenomena in international relations.
Despite being all that a state should be and more, the EU is still unable to effectively move pas... more Despite being all that a state should be and more, the EU is still unable to effectively move past some foreign policy hurdles. The Ukrainian Crisis, which was sparked by the EU is an example of the weak EU foreign policy. This paper argues that the EU, due primarily to its structure, makes it vulnerable in times of crisis such as the Ukrainian Crisis. The paper suggests that the EU can become a better player, and a stronger one by becoming more like the United States, with member states’ maintaining sovereignty over many issues but with a united and centralized foreign policy and security front.
This paper grapples with this question and concludes that war between the two can break out even ... more This paper grapples with this question and concludes that war between the two can break out even tonight if certain conditions are met. However, for now, with China’s military not advanced enough, any war would have to be started by the US. And it so happens that the US actually has enough motives to engage China before it fully modernizes but cannot just do so from the blue. The US is thus trying to force China to give it the reason to justify a war to its increasingly war skeptical allies and domestic publics.
The reasons why the two cannot fight for now range from interdependence, the fact that Taiwan has not declared independence yet and the fact that Sino-Japan relations do not boil beyond the Yasukuni rhetoric. It is also due to the fact that China is powerless and relies on the US for many things such as access to lucrative markets and technology. The characters and personalities of the leaders of the two countries are also partly the reason there is not enough bad-blood to sound the war cry yet.
Several efforts have been employed by states to curb climate change – efforts such as the Kyoto P... more Several efforts have been employed by states to curb climate change – efforts such as the Kyoto Protocol, but so far, emissions are actually increasing and if climate change is real, it is coming to get the earth.
This paper would like to argue that in the current international regime, in which realism dominates, solving climate change is not easy if not impossible unless realism itself is expanded to include climate change as a security issue.
Russia having acquired Crimea, the West is deeply protesting the move and a heap of Foreign Polic... more Russia having acquired Crimea, the West is deeply protesting the move and a heap of Foreign Policy activity has been unravelling over it. To this end, the paper will try to theorize on the possible implications of the Foreign Policy moves by Russia in Ukraine on the European Union, the United States of America, Japan, China, Ukraine and other former USSR states and Russia itself.
1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT
Deducing from Stuart Hall’s assertion that media are there to sustain hege... more 1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT
Deducing from Stuart Hall’s assertion that media are there to sustain hegemony of the rich and powerful, the Malawian public and private media are thus ideological apparatuses of powerful cultural groups / individuals, whose ill-treatment of minority cultures sees them [minorities] recoil into passive and self-imposed subservience (Griffin, 2006).
Looking at the media in Malawi, it is plain to see that the media in Malawi do not adequately give airtime to minority cultures this can be seen by looking at the language used and promoted, the newsmakers featured and promoted, and the other cultural elements such as dance, dressing, and etiquette that are championed.
What is not known is whether the lack of coverage of their cultures in Malawian media bullies Malawi’s ethnic minority groups into silence and made to accept the status quo.
1.3 AIM OF THIS STUDY
This study aims at proving that Malawi’s minority cultures have and are being forced to accept the ruling class’ ideology.
1.4 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The study intends to:
1. To lay bare signs of cultural inferiority among minority ethnic cultures in Malawi
2. To Show that Chichewa is an ideological tool
1.5 HYPOTHESIS
• The media in Malawi is helping dominant cultural groups sustain their hegemony over minority cultures.
• Chichewa Language is the tool that media are using to help dominant groups stay in power
• Minorities in Malawi do not know that they are being oppressed and forced to accept the majority’s ideology
1.6 RATIONALE
Policy makers can get the recommendations to improve the fostering of unity in diversity and multiculturalism by formulating policy that addresses the shortfalls or harnessing the strengths if any that might be identified by the study.
Educators and media campaign planners can use the research findings to better deliver and ensure cultural sensitivity in their fields.
Students will use the research to develop and explore areas further study by theorising, retesting, concluding and trying to apply it on future and past phenomena as they see fit.
For me, the researcher, this study has taken me, for the first time, face to face with academic research, media research and improved and equipped me with skills that will help me in doing practical and more serious research out there in the industry.
I attempt to explain the complex set up of the Chinese Communist Party. From its inspiration from... more I attempt to explain the complex set up of the Chinese Communist Party. From its inspiration from the Russian counterpart, to Mao and up to Xi's current time. Its a quick stop for those wanting a quick recap of the biggest political party on earth.
Since the concept of ‘sovereignty’ was codified in the Westphalian Peace of the 1600s, it has rem... more Since the concept of ‘sovereignty’ was codified in the Westphalian Peace of the 1600s, it has remained pretty much the same even beyond the end of the Cold War, while the concept is good for governments to live by, it is a concept that has lost meaning in modern times.
Security is at the heart of every state, and that is more pronounced in realist thinking that als... more Security is at the heart of every state, and that is more pronounced in realist thinking that also happens to dominate scholarship and practice in the international relations and foreign policy arena today. How does a state attain security? Alone, collectively or something between? This paper will look at the concept of collective security and how it has fared since it was proposed and then go on to discuss why despite the realist thinking being dominant and collective security failing, the world still needs to work together to achieve security.
Danner (2018) defines a Grand Strategy as the general, long-term security and foreign policies of... more Danner (2018) defines a Grand Strategy as the general, long-term security and foreign policies of a territorial state. Grand strategy attends to the national interests of a state through the use of all means of statecraft available or at the disposal of a country, namely, economic, military, diplomatic, political, financial, and informational tools. With 14 neighbours weak, strong, friendly and hostile, China was always marked to find a hard time in conjuring up a grand strategy. Does China have one? Can it have one? Should it have one?
Some endists like Francis Fukuyama said this (End of Cold War) was the end of history, even the A... more Some endists like Francis Fukuyama said this (End of Cold War) was the end of history, even the Americans opened up to China hoping the power of trade-driven liberalism would also push liberal ideas into communist China making it come to the table of liberalism like the rest of the world was doing…they were wrong
China in the 1960s: ‘The U.N. is a "dirty international political stock exchange in the grip of a... more China in the 1960s: ‘The U.N. is a "dirty international political stock exchange in the grip of a few big powers" China in 2019: Xi Jinping pledges 8,000 UN peacekeeping troops, US$1 billion to peace fund.
China’s attitude towards the UN as capture in the progression above captures Hempson-Jones’ thesis, as laid out in his 2005 paper The Evolution of China's Engagement with International Governmental Organizations: Toward a Liberal Foreign Policy? very well.
In his 1999 paper 'Culture Against History? The Politics of East Asian Identity,' Arif Dirlik exa... more In his 1999 paper 'Culture Against History? The Politics of East Asian Identity,' Arif Dirlik examined the changes in attitudes towards the concept of cultural identity and especially zoomed in on the notion of East Asian Identity. This paper will attempt to summarize his core arguments and outline the aforementioned changes attitudes towards East Asian identity.
To try to understand what Chinese Culture and how it relates to domestic politics and ultimately,... more To try to understand what Chinese Culture and how it relates to domestic politics and ultimately, it’s foreign policy, I have decided to summarize Elizabeth Perry’s ‘The Populist Dream of Chinese Democracy’ and sought to apply it to Chinese Foreign Policy practice
It is hard not to agree with Stephen Walt from the outset in his 1998 paper; International Relati... more It is hard not to agree with Stephen Walt from the outset in his 1998 paper; International Relations: One World, Many Theories, in which he argues that despite their sometimes lack of popularity among policy makers and the array of competing theories in the discipline of International Relations, the world, including the skeptic policy makers, need the variety as it provides a wide toolkit with which to explain various phenomena in international relations.
Despite being all that a state should be and more, the EU is still unable to effectively move pas... more Despite being all that a state should be and more, the EU is still unable to effectively move past some foreign policy hurdles. The Ukrainian Crisis, which was sparked by the EU is an example of the weak EU foreign policy. This paper argues that the EU, due primarily to its structure, makes it vulnerable in times of crisis such as the Ukrainian Crisis. The paper suggests that the EU can become a better player, and a stronger one by becoming more like the United States, with member states’ maintaining sovereignty over many issues but with a united and centralized foreign policy and security front.
This paper grapples with this question and concludes that war between the two can break out even ... more This paper grapples with this question and concludes that war between the two can break out even tonight if certain conditions are met. However, for now, with China’s military not advanced enough, any war would have to be started by the US. And it so happens that the US actually has enough motives to engage China before it fully modernizes but cannot just do so from the blue. The US is thus trying to force China to give it the reason to justify a war to its increasingly war skeptical allies and domestic publics.
The reasons why the two cannot fight for now range from interdependence, the fact that Taiwan has not declared independence yet and the fact that Sino-Japan relations do not boil beyond the Yasukuni rhetoric. It is also due to the fact that China is powerless and relies on the US for many things such as access to lucrative markets and technology. The characters and personalities of the leaders of the two countries are also partly the reason there is not enough bad-blood to sound the war cry yet.
Several efforts have been employed by states to curb climate change – efforts such as the Kyoto P... more Several efforts have been employed by states to curb climate change – efforts such as the Kyoto Protocol, but so far, emissions are actually increasing and if climate change is real, it is coming to get the earth.
This paper would like to argue that in the current international regime, in which realism dominates, solving climate change is not easy if not impossible unless realism itself is expanded to include climate change as a security issue.
Russia having acquired Crimea, the West is deeply protesting the move and a heap of Foreign Polic... more Russia having acquired Crimea, the West is deeply protesting the move and a heap of Foreign Policy activity has been unravelling over it. To this end, the paper will try to theorize on the possible implications of the Foreign Policy moves by Russia in Ukraine on the European Union, the United States of America, Japan, China, Ukraine and other former USSR states and Russia itself.
1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT
Deducing from Stuart Hall’s assertion that media are there to sustain hege... more 1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT
Deducing from Stuart Hall’s assertion that media are there to sustain hegemony of the rich and powerful, the Malawian public and private media are thus ideological apparatuses of powerful cultural groups / individuals, whose ill-treatment of minority cultures sees them [minorities] recoil into passive and self-imposed subservience (Griffin, 2006).
Looking at the media in Malawi, it is plain to see that the media in Malawi do not adequately give airtime to minority cultures this can be seen by looking at the language used and promoted, the newsmakers featured and promoted, and the other cultural elements such as dance, dressing, and etiquette that are championed.
What is not known is whether the lack of coverage of their cultures in Malawian media bullies Malawi’s ethnic minority groups into silence and made to accept the status quo.
1.3 AIM OF THIS STUDY
This study aims at proving that Malawi’s minority cultures have and are being forced to accept the ruling class’ ideology.
1.4 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The study intends to:
1. To lay bare signs of cultural inferiority among minority ethnic cultures in Malawi
2. To Show that Chichewa is an ideological tool
1.5 HYPOTHESIS
• The media in Malawi is helping dominant cultural groups sustain their hegemony over minority cultures.
• Chichewa Language is the tool that media are using to help dominant groups stay in power
• Minorities in Malawi do not know that they are being oppressed and forced to accept the majority’s ideology
1.6 RATIONALE
Policy makers can get the recommendations to improve the fostering of unity in diversity and multiculturalism by formulating policy that addresses the shortfalls or harnessing the strengths if any that might be identified by the study.
Educators and media campaign planners can use the research findings to better deliver and ensure cultural sensitivity in their fields.
Students will use the research to develop and explore areas further study by theorising, retesting, concluding and trying to apply it on future and past phenomena as they see fit.
For me, the researcher, this study has taken me, for the first time, face to face with academic research, media research and improved and equipped me with skills that will help me in doing practical and more serious research out there in the industry.
I attempt to explain the complex set up of the Chinese Communist Party. From its inspiration from... more I attempt to explain the complex set up of the Chinese Communist Party. From its inspiration from the Russian counterpart, to Mao and up to Xi's current time. Its a quick stop for those wanting a quick recap of the biggest political party on earth.
Since the concept of ‘sovereignty’ was codified in the Westphalian Peace of the 1600s, it has rem... more Since the concept of ‘sovereignty’ was codified in the Westphalian Peace of the 1600s, it has remained pretty much the same even beyond the end of the Cold War, while the concept is good for governments to live by, it is a concept that has lost meaning in modern times.
Security is at the heart of every state, and that is more pronounced in realist thinking that als... more Security is at the heart of every state, and that is more pronounced in realist thinking that also happens to dominate scholarship and practice in the international relations and foreign policy arena today. How does a state attain security? Alone, collectively or something between? This paper will look at the concept of collective security and how it has fared since it was proposed and then go on to discuss why despite the realist thinking being dominant and collective security failing, the world still needs to work together to achieve security.
Danner (2018) defines a Grand Strategy as the general, long-term security and foreign policies of... more Danner (2018) defines a Grand Strategy as the general, long-term security and foreign policies of a territorial state. Grand strategy attends to the national interests of a state through the use of all means of statecraft available or at the disposal of a country, namely, economic, military, diplomatic, political, financial, and informational tools. With 14 neighbours weak, strong, friendly and hostile, China was always marked to find a hard time in conjuring up a grand strategy. Does China have one? Can it have one? Should it have one?
Some endists like Francis Fukuyama said this (End of Cold War) was the end of history, even the A... more Some endists like Francis Fukuyama said this (End of Cold War) was the end of history, even the Americans opened up to China hoping the power of trade-driven liberalism would also push liberal ideas into communist China making it come to the table of liberalism like the rest of the world was doing…they were wrong
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Papers by Bright Mhango
China in 2019: Xi Jinping pledges 8,000 UN peacekeeping troops, US$1 billion to peace fund.
China’s attitude towards the UN as capture in the progression above captures Hempson-Jones’ thesis, as laid out in his 2005 paper The Evolution of China's Engagement with International Governmental Organizations: Toward a Liberal Foreign Policy? very well.
The reasons why the two cannot fight for now range from interdependence, the fact that Taiwan has not declared independence yet and the fact that Sino-Japan relations do not boil beyond the Yasukuni rhetoric. It is also due to the fact that China is powerless and relies on the US for many things such as access to lucrative markets and technology. The characters and personalities of the leaders of the two countries are also partly the reason there is not enough bad-blood to sound the war cry yet.
This paper would like to argue that in the current international regime, in which realism dominates, solving climate change is not easy if not impossible unless realism itself is expanded to include climate change as a security issue.
Deducing from Stuart Hall’s assertion that media are there to sustain hegemony of the rich and powerful, the Malawian public and private media are thus ideological apparatuses of powerful cultural groups / individuals, whose ill-treatment of minority cultures sees them [minorities] recoil into passive and self-imposed subservience (Griffin, 2006).
Looking at the media in Malawi, it is plain to see that the media in Malawi do not adequately give airtime to minority cultures this can be seen by looking at the language used and promoted, the newsmakers featured and promoted, and the other cultural elements such as dance, dressing, and etiquette that are championed.
What is not known is whether the lack of coverage of their cultures in Malawian media bullies Malawi’s ethnic minority groups into silence and made to accept the status quo.
1.3 AIM OF THIS STUDY
This study aims at proving that Malawi’s minority cultures have and are being forced to accept the ruling class’ ideology.
1.4 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The study intends to:
1. To lay bare signs of cultural inferiority among minority ethnic cultures in Malawi
2. To Show that Chichewa is an ideological tool
1.5 HYPOTHESIS
• The media in Malawi is helping dominant cultural groups sustain their hegemony over minority cultures.
• Chichewa Language is the tool that media are using to help dominant groups stay in power
• Minorities in Malawi do not know that they are being oppressed and forced to accept the majority’s ideology
1.6 RATIONALE
Policy makers can get the recommendations to improve the fostering of unity in diversity and multiculturalism by formulating policy that addresses the shortfalls or harnessing the strengths if any that might be identified by the study.
Educators and media campaign planners can use the research findings to better deliver and ensure cultural sensitivity in their fields.
Students will use the research to develop and explore areas further study by theorising, retesting, concluding and trying to apply it on future and past phenomena as they see fit.
For me, the researcher, this study has taken me, for the first time, face to face with academic research, media research and improved and equipped me with skills that will help me in doing practical and more serious research out there in the industry.
Drafts by Bright Mhango
China in 2019: Xi Jinping pledges 8,000 UN peacekeeping troops, US$1 billion to peace fund.
China’s attitude towards the UN as capture in the progression above captures Hempson-Jones’ thesis, as laid out in his 2005 paper The Evolution of China's Engagement with International Governmental Organizations: Toward a Liberal Foreign Policy? very well.
The reasons why the two cannot fight for now range from interdependence, the fact that Taiwan has not declared independence yet and the fact that Sino-Japan relations do not boil beyond the Yasukuni rhetoric. It is also due to the fact that China is powerless and relies on the US for many things such as access to lucrative markets and technology. The characters and personalities of the leaders of the two countries are also partly the reason there is not enough bad-blood to sound the war cry yet.
This paper would like to argue that in the current international regime, in which realism dominates, solving climate change is not easy if not impossible unless realism itself is expanded to include climate change as a security issue.
Deducing from Stuart Hall’s assertion that media are there to sustain hegemony of the rich and powerful, the Malawian public and private media are thus ideological apparatuses of powerful cultural groups / individuals, whose ill-treatment of minority cultures sees them [minorities] recoil into passive and self-imposed subservience (Griffin, 2006).
Looking at the media in Malawi, it is plain to see that the media in Malawi do not adequately give airtime to minority cultures this can be seen by looking at the language used and promoted, the newsmakers featured and promoted, and the other cultural elements such as dance, dressing, and etiquette that are championed.
What is not known is whether the lack of coverage of their cultures in Malawian media bullies Malawi’s ethnic minority groups into silence and made to accept the status quo.
1.3 AIM OF THIS STUDY
This study aims at proving that Malawi’s minority cultures have and are being forced to accept the ruling class’ ideology.
1.4 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The study intends to:
1. To lay bare signs of cultural inferiority among minority ethnic cultures in Malawi
2. To Show that Chichewa is an ideological tool
1.5 HYPOTHESIS
• The media in Malawi is helping dominant cultural groups sustain their hegemony over minority cultures.
• Chichewa Language is the tool that media are using to help dominant groups stay in power
• Minorities in Malawi do not know that they are being oppressed and forced to accept the majority’s ideology
1.6 RATIONALE
Policy makers can get the recommendations to improve the fostering of unity in diversity and multiculturalism by formulating policy that addresses the shortfalls or harnessing the strengths if any that might be identified by the study.
Educators and media campaign planners can use the research findings to better deliver and ensure cultural sensitivity in their fields.
Students will use the research to develop and explore areas further study by theorising, retesting, concluding and trying to apply it on future and past phenomena as they see fit.
For me, the researcher, this study has taken me, for the first time, face to face with academic research, media research and improved and equipped me with skills that will help me in doing practical and more serious research out there in the industry.