Papers by Abdul Cader Mohamed Nafrees
2024 International Research Conference on Smart Computing and Systems Engineering (SCSE), 2024
This study delves into the realm of machine learning (ML). Recognizing the significance of ML in ... more This study delves into the realm of machine learning (ML). Recognizing the significance of ML in modality recognition, such as in Facial Expression Recognition (FER), Eye Movement Detection (EMD), and Voice Identification (VI), researchers have proposed varied ML techniques. However, existing research encounters constraints such as time and financial limitations, impeding a comprehensive comparison and selection of optimal ML techniques for modality recognition. To bridge this gap, our study conducts a preliminary investigation, comparing ML techniques based on their accuracy levels for modality recognition. Utilizing a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach, our study focuses on publications from the past five years. Specifically concentrating on ML applications in FER, EMD, and VI, we consider accuracy measures as key criteria. This study provides a comprehensive overview of ML techniques applied for FER, EMD, and VI. Notable achievements include Pure Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)'s exceptional accuracy on specific datasets, but limitations such as inadequate representation of facial expressions in some datasets are identified. Future research suggestions include sophisticated model testing and the use of Gaussian approaches for enhanced accuracy. Also, EMD highlights a variety of ML techniques achieving accuracy rates between 66% and 100%, with challenges prompting recommendations for advanced models, transfer learning, and addressing issues like sunglasses hindering facial feature detection. For VI, techniques like CNN, EDT, MLP, and others achieve accuracy rates spanning from 15% to 98.13%, with proposed solutions including dataset scaling, hybrid model creation, and combining EfficientNet with acoustic/linguistic knowledge to categorize a greater number of new words. In conclusion, this preliminary investigation lays the groundwork for optimizing ML techniques in modality recognition. The systematic comparison of various ML techniques and their accuracies provides valuable insights for researchers and practitioners. Identified limitations and proposed future research directions contribute to the ongoing evolution of ML applications across diverse domains.
Journal of Physics: Conference Series
Security is one of the key aspects in despite of time, location and domain. Providing a better se... more Security is one of the key aspects in despite of time, location and domain. Providing a better security is an essential obligation to all sectors (state and private) and workers. Rendering better security is not only difficult but also fairly impossible due to growth of new technologies and constantly growing Information Technology domain. Rapid Improvement of banking sector provides many acceptable ways of managing the accounts, information and activities. This advancement has been a main driving force to the account activities with the help of Automatic Teller Machine (ATM). With the increase number of ATM usage among the public, hackers also use the technological growth to hack the data / information and apply the fraud actions. The said vulnerabilities have been increasing in a gradual manner and also ATM fraud has spread and become nightmare all around the world. This paper elaborates to mitigate the possible frauds can be happened at the ATM cubical with the hybrid multi-layered security concept. Here, previous studies were reviewed and compared in order to support to develop a system with the less loopholes. A three-layered architecture including PIN, OTP or finger print and pattern lock has been used in this system to mitigate the frauds. 400 students were selected to test the system and 384 students roughly 96% of students have successfully entered their pin number at the first attempt, in the second layer 95% of the students out of 384 students were succeeded and the third layer 99% of the students out of 363 students were success in drawing the patterns. The overall result of this evaluation process shows that, the suggested security tiers can be applicable since the accuracy in performance is better and accepted by the sample selected.
Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies, 2022
2022 IEEE International Conference on Current Development in Engineering and Technology (CCET), Dec 23, 2022
Online Examination (OE) is the most challenging part of E-Learning (EL) since there is no proper ... more Online Examination (OE) is the most challenging part of E-Learning (EL) since there is no proper mechanism provided to reduce the OE's fraudulent activities by the students. All the previous research provided different methods to avoid this issue, but those techniques could not be applied due to a few drawbacks of those methods. Recent studies suggested using facial recognition with Machine learning (ML) applications to reduce OE malpractices. This systematic review confirmed that Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) can be applied to identify students' facial recognition with the help of the CK+ dataset compared to other ML techniques and datasets. Furthermore, future research can be conducted to develop an automated OE proctoring system in real-time. It is noted that this study could not be included a few more recent study results due to no funding. Also, there are no studies found related to this study for comparison of ML techniques and datasets.
2021 5th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics, Communication, Computer Technologies and Optimization Techniques (ICEECCOT)
Public transportation is the main core in any country which help to increase government income, a... more Public transportation is the main core in any country which help to increase government income, at the same time save travelers’ cost. Meanwhile, reducing the use of private or individual transport help to save the environment from pollution, which can achieve by providing better public transportation. But, due to time inefficiency in the public busses reduces traveler’s interest towards the use of public busses. This study provides a solution to the passengers to find the public busses in real-time which then helps them to reduce the waiting time in the bus stands and bus holds that are facing by the passengers in a long time. The developed system confirmed that the system provides accurate bus locations in real-time; meanwhile, owners confirm they can track their busses, which helps them to monitor their drivers virtually. Furthermore, this system confirms the cost-effectiveness compared to the previously developed systems. Furthermore, this study can be extended to develop the same system to monitor the crowds inside the bus by using the smartphone camera, which can help in any pandemic situations to keep the social distancing measures.
Proceedings of the International Conference on Intelligent Vision and Computing (ICIVC 2021)
Almost all have used smart devicesdespite geographical areas and countries. In detail, it is tran... more Almost all have used smart devicesdespite geographical areas and countries. In detail, it is transparent that trendy smart devices rule the people, especially youngsters all around the world. Smart devices are being used in various domains despite the public of Sri Lanka; higher education is one of them. These smart devices are used for smart communication, sharing course material and knowledge, research purposes, group activities, e-learning, online tutorials, online assessments, and guest talks. This exploratory study approach was conducted to analyze the positive influence of smart devices in higher education among the undergraduates of the South Eastern University of Sri Lanka. This survey was carried out using a stratified sampling technique. The samples were collected from all the six faculties of the South Eastern University of Sri Lanka. Two hundred five responses have been collected out of 300 questionnaires. Descriptive statistics test and Chi-square test were applied for the statistical investigation purpose. As a result, most of the undergraduates (93.2%) use mobile phoneslike smart devices in academic activities.
The contemporary concept of Takāful can be explained as providing financial assistance to the par... more The contemporary concept of Takāful can be explained as providing financial assistance to the participants as a basis of mutual help, brotherhood and solidarity if the participants face misfortune. Nowadays in Sri Lanka conventional and Islamic Insurance are conceptualized by offering products and services. The aim of this study is to check the Awareness of Islamic and conventional Insurance among Sri Lankan public. Therefore, the respective sample of 226 respondents were participated in this survey. Further, the reliability test of the accumulated data was inspected with Cronbach's Alpha test. For the data collection a set of questionnaires using Google structure and shared through E-Mail and WhatsApp media around Sri Lanka during the period between first week of October and first week of November 2020. Finding of this study indicated that the majority of the customers mentioned that they are using insurance due to they are engaged voluntarily in this (48.7%). It gives a good view of Takaful since they keen interest in Takaful without any compulsion. Although, 35.4% of them engaged with insurance policy by compulsion. And 30.1% of the participants had experience with Islamic insurance for more than 3 years. This ensures that they are satisfied with this insurance strategy. Further, in this study, the researchers worked on measuring the awareness of Islamic Insurance compare to Conventional Insurance among Sri Lankan; but it can be conducted gender wise or religion wise, to improve the awareness of Islamic Insurance among other communities, which can lead to increase the customers of Islamic Insurance organizations.
The tourism is the practice of individuals travelling to specific places form their native place ... more The tourism is the practice of individuals travelling to specific places form their native place for leisure, business, education, medication or any other purposes. Although Smart devices and wearable devices used in tourism has gained increasing attention, empirical investigations of smart tourist attraction (STA) from a tourist perspective are still limited. The fundamental needs of a tourist are comfortable accommodation, reservation and other online services, foods, tour guide / language guide to relevant places, maps and security measure. These activities are sustained with information and communication technology with use of smart hand held devices, smart wearable devices and IoT devices. This study figures out that, which group of devices are suitable for tourists and tourism industry via a preliminary analysis. This analysis shows that, wearable devices are mostly suitable for tourism depend on the factors used to analyze. Since these types of devices are useful in tourism in different circumstances in its own way with few drawbacks. When functionalities of these devices are combined, the drawbacks can be mitigated.
2021 5th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics, Communication, Computer Technologies and Optimization Techniques (ICEECCOT), 2021
An efficient and effective motor traffic management is crucial for any Intelligent Transportation... more An efficient and effective motor traffic management is crucial for any Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) to reduce traffic violations. Scientific evidence suggests that exceeding the speed limit is the most important factor that impacts the severity, fatality and other risks associated with motor vehicle collisions. However, due to the lack of proper technology used in the transport sector, there are possibilities for traffic law violators get unnoticed. Therefore, this study provides a solution based on Internet of Things with Image Processing technology to process the vehicle registration number to uniquely identify the vehicles that are violating traffic laws. The outcome confirms that the architecture is viable for the low-cost automation of traffic fine for the speed violation. In addition, it is recommended to use more robust mechanism to capture the real time speed of any fast-moving vehicle. In conclusion, the proposed architecture with slight modification can be deployed for many commercial test cases such as traffic management, parking, vehicle counting, data privacy, data security and more.
2021 5th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics, Communication, Computer Technologies and Optimization Techniques (ICEECCOT), 2021
Smart city development with proper use of emerging technologies greatly reduces security issues, ... more Smart city development with proper use of emerging technologies greatly reduces security issues, reduces energy waste, saves time, and increases human safety in urban areas during urbanization. But, vulnerabilities in those technologies questioning the smart city’s security. This study explored the cyber security issues in smart city technologies and find potential solutions. There are various technologies engaged with smart city development but the Internet of Things, sensor technologies, and cloud computing are the most use by the smart industries. Cyber adversaries targeting to weakening the organization’s database breach, which increases financial losses and reduces human safety; Daniel of service attack was the major cyber-attack face by the smart cities. It is strongly suggested to implement Blockchain technologies while developing smart city developments. In addition to that, it is also suggested to implement strong cyber security policies in terms of confidentiality, integrity, and authentication within the organization.
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has to turn out to be an essential cause of invent... more Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has to turn out to be an essential cause of invention as well as the expansion of efficacy for various segments all over the globe. The implementation of ICT has become an interpretative portion of the education progression for schoolchildren mutually outdoor and indoor the classroom background. As a result, the Sri Lankan government has incorporated ICT subject to school education in 2006 and has launched a new stream for GCE Advanced Level (A/L) called as technology course in 2015. Therefore, this study was performed using a stratified random sampling technique by chosen up samples from the respective stratum of 5 corresponding high schools in the Ampara district. A total of 300 questionnaires were issued among the students by written and via email survey and out of these, usable questionnaires were 200. Thus, the sample size was 200. This study has been carried out to analyze the student's awareness in ICT subject, the influence of computer facilities on students' choice of ICT subject, the influence of factors and parents' influence in ICT subject selection. Also, descriptive test statistics were applied and the necessary statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software. Further, 5% of the significant level was used in this study. This study reveals that the majority of respondents were males (56.5%), at the age of 18-20 years old category and they say very negatively regarding the perception and attitude towards on ICT subject. Also, they strongly agree with that individual interest (42%) and pursue a career (34.5%) are the main reasons to select the ICT subject. 60.5% of students say ICT subject prepares them to a great extent for their future career. 57% of them reveal that they have no computer laboratories and the equipment for teaching ICT (59%) is not adequate. Most of them have an internet facility in their schools (60%) and it has influenced them tremendously to select the ICT subject (33.5%). Phone usage, technology adoption, computer laboratory, availability of desktops and modems have significant influence for their subject selection. Teachers and parents have given more guidance for their subject selection but the principals have poor influence on providing valuable guidance. They agree on subject selection criteria orientations were very helpful in ICT subject selection (53.5%). Parents/guardians' attitude towards ICT subject is positive (36%). Furthermore, parents/guardians' education level and their financial status are significantly related to the ICT subject selection. Therefore, this study recommends that the school principals should contribute their valuable support and guidance for their schoolchildren's subject selection criteria. Moreover, they should find ways to bring the computer laboratory and equipment for their schools. Also, the government should consider on providing computer
Stress basically increases the sugar level in blood. In recent years, the complexities of the rel... more Stress basically increases the sugar level in blood. In recent years, the complexities of the relationship between stress and diabetes have become well known. Some studies have suggested that stressful experiences might affect the onset and/or the metabolic control of diabetes, but findings have often been inconclusive. The cause of most disease cannot be enumerated, but factors that enhance the effect of the disease can be typically analyzed. In this study two different sample community, one was civil community from Sainthamaruthu public and other from the faculty of applied sciences, south eastern university of Sri Lanka were studied for the prevalence of diabetic mellitus and its association with job stress. The study result revealed that the prevalence of diabetic mellitus in the civil community whose age were greater than 34 years was 15.79 % and it was 26.42 % for the University community. 18 % of males and 13.5 % of females had diabetic but this association was not significant (P=0.596). There was 8.7 % high prevalence of diabetic among the people who do some jobs than unemployed or house wives but this percentage is not statistically significant (p=0.270). No significant difference in BMI level for the diabetic and non diabetic were observed (p= 0.506). When the both parents had diabetic, then there was 60 % chance that the child also to get diabetic. When one of the parents had diabetic, than this chance was 25 %. It was found that the diabetic patients 1 neck circumference was 1.45 cm higher than the normal people. (p=0.035).
Higher education system has been advancing with the era and the technological advancements. The s... more Higher education system has been advancing with the era and the technological advancements. The significant variation of technological advancements enriched e-learning from conventional learning system makes undergraduates gradually turn their interests away from the traditional learning to elearning. Learning is the active process of obtaining knowledge or abilities through studies, experience or being educated. With the expansion in innovation, e-learning has been coupled with course modules due to its vital support to the learners / end users at any time. The e-learning has become more popular with the increasing number of smart devices apart from desktops and laptops along with rise of internet providers. This paper discusses the necessity of the e-learning system to the undergraduates in contrast with conventional education system. This paper demonstrates different properties of e-learning systems and benefits, and how it can be achieved through eLearning. One of the conclusion...
In the current scenario where everyone is involved in their busy Schedule, people often do not ha... more In the current scenario where everyone is involved in their busy Schedule, people often do not have time for their relations, friends and family. But gratefulness to the technology that it accommodates to reduce the gap among our relations. If they want to communicate with the beloved ones they wish to prefer chat on various applications which are free of charge and simply required the least cost of internet package which performs life easier rather spend the high charge of calls and messages to telecom companies. There are a number of applications accessible in the market which people use according to their preference, WhatsApp application is one of them. The main objective of the study is to examine the influence of WhatsApp usage on residents of Vaalachanai. The study was undertaken amongst the residents of Vaalachanai in Batticaloa district. A total of 110 residents’ reflections were collected by the questionnaire and required statistical analyses were performed using SPSS softw...
Intelligent Learning for Computer Vision, 2021
Learning is an essential process for all individual spans from cradle to graveyard. Biology is on... more Learning is an essential process for all individual spans from cradle to graveyard. Biology is one of the subjects where most of the students have been facing difficulties to study and memorize its content due to its complicated environment and structures. The effective education to the students is necessary, and it could be achieved by adopting of new technological concepts and application to their syllabi. Virtual reality is one of the outstanding modes to the students to learn and memorize the subject quickly. In this research, quantitative and qualitative methods were used to determine the factors of adaption of smart devices and virtual reality (VR) in secondary education with a pretest-posttest group. Additionally, the reliability of the collected data was analyzed with Cronbach's alpha test. Two hundred students from ten schools were randomly selected for the pretest while 100 were selected for the posttest among these 200 students; where these 100 students allowed to use VR technology for their educational purposes, and these samples were selected using a stratified random sampling technique. In conclusion, the research shows that the performance of the students who used the VR tool in their studies was significantly increased; male students are very fond of technology and tools, thus score more marks compare with female students. At the meantime, female students are needed to be trained (to use the VR system) more in order to learn the subjects. Also, it is suggested to introduce this VR system to all the other subjects with proper training
Academia Letters, 2021
Covid-19 pandemic around the globe stop human movement, but technology advancement assisting the ... more Covid-19 pandemic around the globe stop human movement, but technology advancement assisting the human to complete their daily tasks even during the lockdown situation. This study focused on undergraduates' experiences and expectations of E-Learning during COVID-19 among the undergraduates of Malaysian students to conduct a comparative analysis between undergraduates of Sri Lankan and Malaysian universities. This study was used both qualitative and quantitative methods, further a random sampling technique was used for data collection and the collected data were analyzed using SPSS. Students were happy to engage with online learning even after they have lesser experience in online learning and majority of the students having required digital devices, even though they agreed that the monthly expenditure for internet connectivity was significantly high, and the services from the E-Learning activities and university were less than their expectations, it is also confirmed that the Malaysian undergraduates positively agreed E-Learning provides course resources as students expected. Furthermore, it is strongly recommended to develop an AI-based Elearning tool that can reply to the student queries in real-time, and the government should provide free internet data access to the students. Furthermore, it is good to keep the blended learning mode rather than a fully online platform. There were few numbers of previous research works identified for the literature review purpose. It is planned to conduct a comparative analysis between Sri Lankan and Malaysian undergraduates about E-Learning during the pandemic.
2021 International Research Conference on Smart Computing and Systems Engineering (SCSE), 2021
Tourism that uses smart technology and practices to boost resource management and sustainability ... more Tourism that uses smart technology and practices to boost resource management and sustainability while growing their businesses' overall competitiveness is known as smart tourism. Information and communication technologies (ICTs) have had a profound impact on the tourism industry, and they continue to be the key drivers of tourism innovation. ICTs have fundamentally changed the way tourism products are developed, presented, and offered, according to the literature. Any empirical studies or experiments must be focused on accepted or formed hypotheses. In this regard, grounded theory measures were used for interpretation, while a systematic review was performed to assess the research scope from current studies and works. The main goal of the study is to investigate and propose long-lasting and stable smart technologies for implementing smart tourism. Grounded theory is a concept that uses methodical rules to gather and dissect data in order to construct an unbiased theory. Fewer studies on smart technology in tourism have been conducted, with a majority of them concentrating on IoT, virtual and augmented reality, big data, cloud computing, and mobile applications. In either case, there is space for further investigation into this important field of study. As a result, this paper is a vital first step toward a clearer understanding of how smart technology can be applied to the tourism industry. The number of available research work on smart technologies in tourism were fewer from the selected journals and conference proceedings, which led to the accessibility of lesser data for analysis.
2019 IEEE Pune Section International Conference (PuneCon), 2019
These days urbanization is happening around the globe in a rapid mode with civilization supported... more These days urbanization is happening around the globe in a rapid mode with civilization supported by very latest technology and the trends in technology despite of being adopted in various domains both in public and private sectors. On the other hand, the environmental pollution also at alarming level due to rapid growth of the world population and human activities which are highly supported by latest technology. In this way, every governments from various countries have been facing hardships to manage the wastes from both industry and residences. These days collection of wastes have become nightmare despite of human resource or physical resources. In this study the collection mechanism of kitchen wastes from urban or town council areas were focused. Combining GPS and shortest path to the moving garbage collecting trucks is novel. The advantage of this system is, a person need not to wait at the road side to drop his garbage bag to the truck since the end user can install the application in his smart device and observe or track the garbage collecting truck’s drive path. Though if a person misses the truck then this application will guide the shortest path to drop the wastes to any other trucks among the group of trucks which are going around to collect garbage in a particular geographical area. In fact, public as end user to this app can be benefited with cheaper in cost and managing time in parallel.
Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2020
During this COVID 19 pandemic situation, all sectors including education is also conducting its s... more During this COVID 19 pandemic situation, all sectors including education is also conducting its services via online. Most of the undergraduate in Sri Lanka are very familiar with class room traditional learning process. This paradigm shift has caused advantages and disadvantages in their education activities. A study on awareness of online learning of undergraduate is very much important to measure their present performances, finding pitfalls and draft online learning policies and guidelines for a successful learning environment. This research paper involved both Quantitative and Qualitative methods; where these two methods were used to determine the factors of awareness of students about online learning among the undergraduates of the South Eastern University of Sri Lanka (SEUSL). There were around 400 questionnaires were sent to the students via WhatsApp and received 310 responses that can be used for this study. Students mentioned that they were facing the internet connectivity i...
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Papers by Abdul Cader Mohamed Nafrees