International Journal of Social Science and Humanity, 2019
We have been doing archaeological surveys in the west of Turkey for 17 years. Also, in this regio... more We have been doing archaeological surveys in the west of Turkey for 17 years. Also, in this region we carried out excavations in "Dede Mezarı", MBA Cemetery for five years. During these studies, it has been found out that the thousands of years old sites were destroyed by illegal digs and agricultural activities. The most important way to prevent these ruins to raise the awareness of the security units and local community. It should be explained that the sites and the works that have come out of here have universal character; they should be protected and the archaeologists, art historians or historians who are expert on their fields can do excavations here. It should be emphasized that when the studies are carried out on a scientific level, the results will make a contribution to the development of the region, as well. Because people should be gathered from the local community in order to carry out these studies and certain amount of money will be paid for them. Moreover, the historical area will be brought in tourism and the works extracted from here will be exhibited in museums. S o a long-termed and permanent source bearing no risk has been produced. These informative studies which are for local administrators and local people should be as regular workshops, conferences or field practice. It is crucial that the protection awareness of the archaeological sites should be gained at early ages. Index Terms-Archaeological sites, illegal digs, the preservation of the ancient sites. I. THE DESTRUCTION PROBLEM OF CULTURAL HERITAGE The earliest settlements in Turkey date back to the Prehistoric periods. From the first cave settlements in Turkey on, people have consistently lived for tens of thousands of years round [1]. The geographical location of this country, the asset of water supplies and fertile lands have been effective on
International Journal of Heritage, Art and Multimedia, 2021
Prehistoric settlements are prominent among the most important representatives of the cultural he... more Prehistoric settlements are prominent among the most important representatives of the cultural heritage in Turkey. These settlements are important for understanding the social, cultural, and economic conditions of the people who had lived in the past. As a matter of fact, these ancient settlements (mounds) and their locations to each other are taken as a basis in understanding the prehistoric routes. In this study, a route is identified beginning from the settlements in the north of a lake called Eber Gölü, which is located in the western part of Turkey. In this project, the study methods of Ancient History, Archaeology and Geodesy, and Photogrammetry Engineering are used. According to that, first old settlements are identified, three-dimensional maps of these settlements are created and dating is carried on based on the ceramics (sherds) that are found on the settlements. All of this data is then overlapped. Successive settlements are observed in the east-west direction in the nort...
KEYWORDS: Dede Mezarı Cemetery, Middle Bronze Age, Early Hittite Period, topographical map, geoph... more KEYWORDS: Dede Mezarı Cemetery, Middle Bronze Age, Early Hittite Period, topographical map, geophysical work, Köy Kalesi. Systematic work was performed at the Dede Mezarı Cemetery in 2005-2006. We started with geodesic work and continued by laying grids in the planned excavation area. This excavation was carried out by the Afyonkarahisar Archaeological Museum with permission from the Ministry of Culture and Tourism. In 2005-2006, an excavation was carried out at the Dede Mezarı cemetery in Yukarı Çaybelen village, district of Bayat, province of Afyonkarahisar. The results show that this cemetery was in use from the beginning of the 2. Millenium B.C. to the middle of this millenium. There are some problems with this region of West-Central Anatolia concerning especially the Assyrian Trade Colonies Period and the Early Hittite Period. This research area is one of the few cemeteries dated to this period. The findings from this cemetery are contemporary with, and give the same results as...
Afyonkarahisar’ın güneybatısında Menderes Nehri’nin ilk kaynaklarının çıktığı Dinar çevresinden A... more Afyonkarahisar’ın güneybatısında Menderes Nehri’nin ilk kaynaklarının çıktığı Dinar çevresinden Acıgöl kesimine doğru uzanan alanda tarafımızdan tekstil üretimine işaret eden çok sayıda buluntu tespit edilmiştir. Bunlar arasında büyük kısmı hilal biçimli, bir kısmı da piramidal şekilli olan ve çoğunlukla MÖ II. bin yıla tarihlenen tezgah ağırlıkları bölgedeki üretim ve ekonomik gelişmelerle ilgili referans teşkil etmektedir. Bu havzayı çevreleyen Yakaköy Kocahöyük, Dazkırı Ağılların Önü, Evciler Kocahöyük ve Dinar Dikici Höyük gibi yerleşmelerin MÖ II. bin yıla tarihlenen tekstil ağırlıkları ile seramik buluntularının yoğunluğu, konumları ve başta Yakaköy Kocahöyük olmak üzere bu dört büyük iskanın 10-16 hektar aralığında geniş alanlara yayılmasından yola çıkarak bunların ekonomik veya belki de siyasi yönden dönemlerinin ana merkezleri olabilecekleri düşünülebilir. Bu yerleşmeler arasında hilal biçimli ağırlıklarının en yoğun olarak görüldüğü Yakaköy Kocahöyük aynı zamanda 16 hektar...
Anatolia has acted as the host for many civilizations. The plain of Lycaonia, which is located in... more Anatolia has acted as the host for many civilizations. The plain of Lycaonia, which is located in the center of Anatolia, is at the crossroads of these civilizations. Today the most important city of this region is Konya, known as Ikonium in Antiquity, with its surrounding area. Many ancient settlements exist here, notably Catalhoyuk and Karahoyuk, where excavation has been carried out. These excavations have mainly informed us about the region’s prehistory and protohistory. But we need more research to shed light upon the historical ages of this region. Since 1994 we have been carrying out surveys in this area with the permission of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism of the Turkish Republic and the support of the Selcuk University (Konya). Our work has enabled us to create a cultural inventory of the region from prehistoric times to the Middle Ages. In the course of the studies which we carried out in this region, we have found archaeological material dating to the Chalcolithic Ag...
Depending on the development of technology, the boundary concept between different disciplines be... more Depending on the development of technology, the boundary concept between different disciplines became unclear today and it became necessary to work jointly depending on data sharing. Also Producing the maps is effected the development of the technology and positioning of desired area is become very fast. Today, instead of hand GPS, users can be obtained coordinate desired via programs which are compatible with mobile phone. CORS (Continuously Operation Reference System) GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) receivers which measure points coordinates (x, y, h) at all weather conditions, day and night will become compatible Mobil PC devices (Mobil Phone) via compatible software. By means of this study, including the surveys of Ancient History and Archaeology sciences, different samples belonging to different periods have been evaluated. In this study, coordinates obtained with CORS-TR (Continuously Operation Reference System-TuRkey) and Asus Zenfone 6 in which Kocaman Pro Software was used at selected areas compare with each and the usage of Asus Zenfone 6 was investigated in term of easiness and accuracy in Archaeological Settlements. This study was carried out at the Hatıp Castle, Malas II and Campus ruins in Konya. Only horizontal accuracy (x, y) was investigated. The horizontal accuracy is higher in Malas II and Campus ruins than Hatıp Castle. This is due to the distance of the GSM networks to the application area.
Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi Arkeoloji Dergisi / Turkish Academy of Sciences Journal of Archaeology (TÜBA-AR), 2019
Afyonkarahisar surveys were carried out in 2014 and 2018 in Dinar-Çölovası, in the city center an... more Afyonkarahisar surveys were carried out in 2014 and 2018 in Dinar-Çölovası, in the city center and in the area surrounding İhsaniye. 2nd millennium BCE settlements were dense in the Çölovası area. Mounds that provide findings from this period also appear in certain locations between Afyonkarahisar and İhsaniye. In this article, we will be presenting the ceramic findings connected with the habitation of the 2nd millennium BCE Küçük Çataltepe Höyük and Ablak Höyük settlements, crescent shaped loom weights, a jar piece with a seal impression and most important, a bulla bearing an Anatolian hieroglyphic seal impression. Küçük Çataltepe Seal Impression: A pottery fragment with an impression of the ‘office seal’ was found in Küçük Çataltepe during the survey of the Afyonkarahisar province in 2014. Three possible interpretations of this impression are proposed as following: 1) MAGNUS.DOMUS.PITHOS, ‘magasin/depot of the palace’, 2) MAGNUS.DOMUS PITHOS, ‘Pithos of the palace’ 3) MAGNUS.DOMUS PITHOS, ‘Pithos(-man) of the palace’. The seal can be dated to the 13th century BCE. Ablak Höyük Bulla: A conical bulla with a seal impression was found in Ablak Höyük during the survey of the Afyonkarahisar province in 2018. Hieorglyphs on the central area are URBS-tà-na or URBS.TÀ-na, REX.FILIA, it reads ‘URBS-tana / Happirada(n)na or TA/DA…-na, princess’ The seal can be dated to the late-14th/early-13th century BCE. The aim of this study is to analyze the status of these two mounds in the 2nd millennium BCE by means of findings discovered in these regions together with the map surveys and geographical data.
Bu çalışmadaki amacımız bu iki höyüğün, bulundukları bölgelerde MÖ 2. binyıldaki statülerini elde... more Bu çalışmadaki amacımız bu iki höyüğün, bulundukları bölgelerde MÖ 2. binyıldaki statülerini elde edilen bu bulgular, harita çalışmaları ve coğrafi verilerle birlikte değerlendirmektir.
A number of Late Neolithic and Early Chalcolithic sites have been recovered during recent surface... more A number of Late Neolithic and Early Chalcolithic sites have been recovered during recent surface sur veys carried out along the fringes of western Anatolia, considerably contributing to our understanding of the cultural happenings that took place in this region. In this respect, the finds from the Eyice Mound locat ed to the northwest ofSinanpaşa, west of Afyonkarahisar deserve a special attention. The site is located on the natural route heading towards Kütahya. The mound yielded not only the typical painted pottery of the Lakes District to the south, but also the purplish red or brown painted pottery groups of the so-called Aslanapa Culture known from the northern parts of Afyon and the entire extent of the Kütahya province. Aslanapa type of pottery has also been collected from the Pani Mound situated in the west of Bolvadin. Thus, it became clear that the distribution area of the Aslanapa Culture extended further to the east to cover Bolvadin east ofAfyonkarahisar.
Proceedings of the 4th International Congress of the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East 29 March - 3 April 2004, Freie Universität Berlin Volume 2: Social and Cultural Transformation, 2008
Özsait Armağanı. Mehmet ve Nesrin Özsait Onuruna Sunulan Makaleler. Studies Presented to Mehmet and Nesrin Özsait, edts. H. Şahin-E. Konyar-G. Ergin, İstanbul, 261-276 (2011). , 2011
4th Annual International Conference on Mediterranean Studies in Athens, Greece, 20-23 April 2011 (2011).
kadar 11 sezon devam etmi~tir. Ara~t~rmalar s~ras~nda Neolitik Ça~'dan Roma Dönemi'ne kadar 204 y... more kadar 11 sezon devam etmi~tir. Ara~t~rmalar s~ras~nda Neolitik Ça~'dan Roma Dönemi'ne kadar 204 yerle~im yeri/mezarl~k tespit edilmi~tir. Tespit edilen bu yerle~im/mezarl~ldar aras~nda ~lk Tunç Ça~~'na (~TÇ) ait olanlar dikkati çekecek kadar fazla olmas~na kar~~l~k GNÇ/EKÇ yerle~melerinin daha az oldu~u görülmektedir. Bunun en önemli nedeni, GNÇ/EKÇ kültür tabakalar~n~n daha geç dönemlere tarihlendirilen tabakalar tarafindan üstünün kapat~lm~~~ olmas~d~r.
5th Annual International Conference on Mediterranean Studies in Athens, Greece, 4-7 April 2012
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored, retrieved system, or ... more All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored, retrieved system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the written permission of the publisher, nor be otherwise circulated in any form of binding or cover.
International Journal of Social Science and Humanity, 2019
We have been doing archaeological surveys in the west of Turkey for 17 years. Also, in this regio... more We have been doing archaeological surveys in the west of Turkey for 17 years. Also, in this region we carried out excavations in "Dede Mezarı", MBA Cemetery for five years. During these studies, it has been found out that the thousands of years old sites were destroyed by illegal digs and agricultural activities. The most important way to prevent these ruins to raise the awareness of the security units and local community. It should be explained that the sites and the works that have come out of here have universal character; they should be protected and the archaeologists, art historians or historians who are expert on their fields can do excavations here. It should be emphasized that when the studies are carried out on a scientific level, the results will make a contribution to the development of the region, as well. Because people should be gathered from the local community in order to carry out these studies and certain amount of money will be paid for them. Moreover, the historical area will be brought in tourism and the works extracted from here will be exhibited in museums. S o a long-termed and permanent source bearing no risk has been produced. These informative studies which are for local administrators and local people should be as regular workshops, conferences or field practice. It is crucial that the protection awareness of the archaeological sites should be gained at early ages. Index Terms-Archaeological sites, illegal digs, the preservation of the ancient sites. I. THE DESTRUCTION PROBLEM OF CULTURAL HERITAGE The earliest settlements in Turkey date back to the Prehistoric periods. From the first cave settlements in Turkey on, people have consistently lived for tens of thousands of years round [1]. The geographical location of this country, the asset of water supplies and fertile lands have been effective on
International Journal of Heritage, Art and Multimedia, 2021
Prehistoric settlements are prominent among the most important representatives of the cultural he... more Prehistoric settlements are prominent among the most important representatives of the cultural heritage in Turkey. These settlements are important for understanding the social, cultural, and economic conditions of the people who had lived in the past. As a matter of fact, these ancient settlements (mounds) and their locations to each other are taken as a basis in understanding the prehistoric routes. In this study, a route is identified beginning from the settlements in the north of a lake called Eber Gölü, which is located in the western part of Turkey. In this project, the study methods of Ancient History, Archaeology and Geodesy, and Photogrammetry Engineering are used. According to that, first old settlements are identified, three-dimensional maps of these settlements are created and dating is carried on based on the ceramics (sherds) that are found on the settlements. All of this data is then overlapped. Successive settlements are observed in the east-west direction in the nort...
KEYWORDS: Dede Mezarı Cemetery, Middle Bronze Age, Early Hittite Period, topographical map, geoph... more KEYWORDS: Dede Mezarı Cemetery, Middle Bronze Age, Early Hittite Period, topographical map, geophysical work, Köy Kalesi. Systematic work was performed at the Dede Mezarı Cemetery in 2005-2006. We started with geodesic work and continued by laying grids in the planned excavation area. This excavation was carried out by the Afyonkarahisar Archaeological Museum with permission from the Ministry of Culture and Tourism. In 2005-2006, an excavation was carried out at the Dede Mezarı cemetery in Yukarı Çaybelen village, district of Bayat, province of Afyonkarahisar. The results show that this cemetery was in use from the beginning of the 2. Millenium B.C. to the middle of this millenium. There are some problems with this region of West-Central Anatolia concerning especially the Assyrian Trade Colonies Period and the Early Hittite Period. This research area is one of the few cemeteries dated to this period. The findings from this cemetery are contemporary with, and give the same results as...
Afyonkarahisar’ın güneybatısında Menderes Nehri’nin ilk kaynaklarının çıktığı Dinar çevresinden A... more Afyonkarahisar’ın güneybatısında Menderes Nehri’nin ilk kaynaklarının çıktığı Dinar çevresinden Acıgöl kesimine doğru uzanan alanda tarafımızdan tekstil üretimine işaret eden çok sayıda buluntu tespit edilmiştir. Bunlar arasında büyük kısmı hilal biçimli, bir kısmı da piramidal şekilli olan ve çoğunlukla MÖ II. bin yıla tarihlenen tezgah ağırlıkları bölgedeki üretim ve ekonomik gelişmelerle ilgili referans teşkil etmektedir. Bu havzayı çevreleyen Yakaköy Kocahöyük, Dazkırı Ağılların Önü, Evciler Kocahöyük ve Dinar Dikici Höyük gibi yerleşmelerin MÖ II. bin yıla tarihlenen tekstil ağırlıkları ile seramik buluntularının yoğunluğu, konumları ve başta Yakaköy Kocahöyük olmak üzere bu dört büyük iskanın 10-16 hektar aralığında geniş alanlara yayılmasından yola çıkarak bunların ekonomik veya belki de siyasi yönden dönemlerinin ana merkezleri olabilecekleri düşünülebilir. Bu yerleşmeler arasında hilal biçimli ağırlıklarının en yoğun olarak görüldüğü Yakaköy Kocahöyük aynı zamanda 16 hektar...
Anatolia has acted as the host for many civilizations. The plain of Lycaonia, which is located in... more Anatolia has acted as the host for many civilizations. The plain of Lycaonia, which is located in the center of Anatolia, is at the crossroads of these civilizations. Today the most important city of this region is Konya, known as Ikonium in Antiquity, with its surrounding area. Many ancient settlements exist here, notably Catalhoyuk and Karahoyuk, where excavation has been carried out. These excavations have mainly informed us about the region’s prehistory and protohistory. But we need more research to shed light upon the historical ages of this region. Since 1994 we have been carrying out surveys in this area with the permission of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism of the Turkish Republic and the support of the Selcuk University (Konya). Our work has enabled us to create a cultural inventory of the region from prehistoric times to the Middle Ages. In the course of the studies which we carried out in this region, we have found archaeological material dating to the Chalcolithic Ag...
Depending on the development of technology, the boundary concept between different disciplines be... more Depending on the development of technology, the boundary concept between different disciplines became unclear today and it became necessary to work jointly depending on data sharing. Also Producing the maps is effected the development of the technology and positioning of desired area is become very fast. Today, instead of hand GPS, users can be obtained coordinate desired via programs which are compatible with mobile phone. CORS (Continuously Operation Reference System) GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) receivers which measure points coordinates (x, y, h) at all weather conditions, day and night will become compatible Mobil PC devices (Mobil Phone) via compatible software. By means of this study, including the surveys of Ancient History and Archaeology sciences, different samples belonging to different periods have been evaluated. In this study, coordinates obtained with CORS-TR (Continuously Operation Reference System-TuRkey) and Asus Zenfone 6 in which Kocaman Pro Software was used at selected areas compare with each and the usage of Asus Zenfone 6 was investigated in term of easiness and accuracy in Archaeological Settlements. This study was carried out at the Hatıp Castle, Malas II and Campus ruins in Konya. Only horizontal accuracy (x, y) was investigated. The horizontal accuracy is higher in Malas II and Campus ruins than Hatıp Castle. This is due to the distance of the GSM networks to the application area.
Türkiye Bilimler Akademisi Arkeoloji Dergisi / Turkish Academy of Sciences Journal of Archaeology (TÜBA-AR), 2019
Afyonkarahisar surveys were carried out in 2014 and 2018 in Dinar-Çölovası, in the city center an... more Afyonkarahisar surveys were carried out in 2014 and 2018 in Dinar-Çölovası, in the city center and in the area surrounding İhsaniye. 2nd millennium BCE settlements were dense in the Çölovası area. Mounds that provide findings from this period also appear in certain locations between Afyonkarahisar and İhsaniye. In this article, we will be presenting the ceramic findings connected with the habitation of the 2nd millennium BCE Küçük Çataltepe Höyük and Ablak Höyük settlements, crescent shaped loom weights, a jar piece with a seal impression and most important, a bulla bearing an Anatolian hieroglyphic seal impression. Küçük Çataltepe Seal Impression: A pottery fragment with an impression of the ‘office seal’ was found in Küçük Çataltepe during the survey of the Afyonkarahisar province in 2014. Three possible interpretations of this impression are proposed as following: 1) MAGNUS.DOMUS.PITHOS, ‘magasin/depot of the palace’, 2) MAGNUS.DOMUS PITHOS, ‘Pithos of the palace’ 3) MAGNUS.DOMUS PITHOS, ‘Pithos(-man) of the palace’. The seal can be dated to the 13th century BCE. Ablak Höyük Bulla: A conical bulla with a seal impression was found in Ablak Höyük during the survey of the Afyonkarahisar province in 2018. Hieorglyphs on the central area are URBS-tà-na or URBS.TÀ-na, REX.FILIA, it reads ‘URBS-tana / Happirada(n)na or TA/DA…-na, princess’ The seal can be dated to the late-14th/early-13th century BCE. The aim of this study is to analyze the status of these two mounds in the 2nd millennium BCE by means of findings discovered in these regions together with the map surveys and geographical data.
Bu çalışmadaki amacımız bu iki höyüğün, bulundukları bölgelerde MÖ 2. binyıldaki statülerini elde... more Bu çalışmadaki amacımız bu iki höyüğün, bulundukları bölgelerde MÖ 2. binyıldaki statülerini elde edilen bu bulgular, harita çalışmaları ve coğrafi verilerle birlikte değerlendirmektir.
A number of Late Neolithic and Early Chalcolithic sites have been recovered during recent surface... more A number of Late Neolithic and Early Chalcolithic sites have been recovered during recent surface sur veys carried out along the fringes of western Anatolia, considerably contributing to our understanding of the cultural happenings that took place in this region. In this respect, the finds from the Eyice Mound locat ed to the northwest ofSinanpaşa, west of Afyonkarahisar deserve a special attention. The site is located on the natural route heading towards Kütahya. The mound yielded not only the typical painted pottery of the Lakes District to the south, but also the purplish red or brown painted pottery groups of the so-called Aslanapa Culture known from the northern parts of Afyon and the entire extent of the Kütahya province. Aslanapa type of pottery has also been collected from the Pani Mound situated in the west of Bolvadin. Thus, it became clear that the distribution area of the Aslanapa Culture extended further to the east to cover Bolvadin east ofAfyonkarahisar.
Proceedings of the 4th International Congress of the Archaeology of the Ancient Near East 29 March - 3 April 2004, Freie Universität Berlin Volume 2: Social and Cultural Transformation, 2008
Özsait Armağanı. Mehmet ve Nesrin Özsait Onuruna Sunulan Makaleler. Studies Presented to Mehmet and Nesrin Özsait, edts. H. Şahin-E. Konyar-G. Ergin, İstanbul, 261-276 (2011). , 2011
4th Annual International Conference on Mediterranean Studies in Athens, Greece, 20-23 April 2011 (2011).
kadar 11 sezon devam etmi~tir. Ara~t~rmalar s~ras~nda Neolitik Ça~'dan Roma Dönemi'ne kadar 204 y... more kadar 11 sezon devam etmi~tir. Ara~t~rmalar s~ras~nda Neolitik Ça~'dan Roma Dönemi'ne kadar 204 yerle~im yeri/mezarl~k tespit edilmi~tir. Tespit edilen bu yerle~im/mezarl~ldar aras~nda ~lk Tunç Ça~~'na (~TÇ) ait olanlar dikkati çekecek kadar fazla olmas~na kar~~l~k GNÇ/EKÇ yerle~melerinin daha az oldu~u görülmektedir. Bunun en önemli nedeni, GNÇ/EKÇ kültür tabakalar~n~n daha geç dönemlere tarihlendirilen tabakalar tarafindan üstünün kapat~lm~~~ olmas~d~r.
5th Annual International Conference on Mediterranean Studies in Athens, Greece, 4-7 April 2012
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored, retrieved system, or ... more All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored, retrieved system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the written permission of the publisher, nor be otherwise circulated in any form of binding or cover.
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Papers by Özdemir Koçak
Küçük Çataltepe Seal Impression: A pottery fragment with an impression of the ‘office seal’ was found in Küçük Çataltepe during the survey of the Afyonkarahisar province in 2014. Three possible interpretations of this impression are proposed as following: 1) MAGNUS.DOMUS.PITHOS, ‘magasin/depot of the palace’, 2) MAGNUS.DOMUS PITHOS, ‘Pithos of the palace’ 3) MAGNUS.DOMUS PITHOS, ‘Pithos(-man) of the palace’. The seal can be dated to the 13th century BCE.
Ablak Höyük Bulla: A conical bulla with a seal impression was found in Ablak Höyük during the survey of the Afyonkarahisar province in 2018. Hieorglyphs on the central area are URBS-tà-na or URBS.TÀ-na, REX.FILIA, it reads ‘URBS-tana / Happirada(n)na or TA/DA…-na, princess’ The seal can be dated to the late-14th/early-13th century BCE.
The aim of this study is to analyze the status of these two mounds in the 2nd millennium BCE by means of findings discovered in these regions together with the map surveys and geographical data.
Küçük Çataltepe Seal Impression: A pottery fragment with an impression of the ‘office seal’ was found in Küçük Çataltepe during the survey of the Afyonkarahisar province in 2014. Three possible interpretations of this impression are proposed as following: 1) MAGNUS.DOMUS.PITHOS, ‘magasin/depot of the palace’, 2) MAGNUS.DOMUS PITHOS, ‘Pithos of the palace’ 3) MAGNUS.DOMUS PITHOS, ‘Pithos(-man) of the palace’. The seal can be dated to the 13th century BCE.
Ablak Höyük Bulla: A conical bulla with a seal impression was found in Ablak Höyük during the survey of the Afyonkarahisar province in 2018. Hieorglyphs on the central area are URBS-tà-na or URBS.TÀ-na, REX.FILIA, it reads ‘URBS-tana / Happirada(n)na or TA/DA…-na, princess’ The seal can be dated to the late-14th/early-13th century BCE.
The aim of this study is to analyze the status of these two mounds in the 2nd millennium BCE by means of findings discovered in these regions together with the map surveys and geographical data.