Papers by Shahabaldin Rezania
Bioresources, 2019
The deconstruction of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin has varying effects on lignocellulosic... more The deconstruction of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin has varying effects on lignocellulosic biomass. To understand and evaluate these effects it is important to conduct compositional and structural analyses. In this study, the effect of different pretreatments on the composition and structure of water hyacinth (WH) was investigated. The pretreatment methods investigated were acid, alkali, ionic liquid (IL), and microwave-alkali. The structural analysis was completed before and after the pretreatment using scanning electron microscopy. In addition, the biomass recovery rate was measured to evaluate the composition of the WH biomass. Based on the results, all pretreatment methods effectively disrupted the crystalline structure and enhanced the digestibility of the WH through increasing the cellulose and hemicellulose content and reducing the lignin content. The acid pretreatment resulted in high cellulose digestibility while the microwave-alkali pretreatment destroyed only the lignin structure of the WH. The alkali and IL pretreatments increased the cellulose and hemicellulose content of the WH. The highest recovery rate was obtained via IL pretreatment. The acid, microwave-alkali, and alkali pretreatments had the second, third, and fourth highest recovery rates, respectively. This study showed that the biomass recovery rate, compositional makeup, and structural analysis are important to use WH for bioenergy production.
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2019
This study aims to study the waste management process and recycling of municipal waste in Tehran.... more This study aims to study the waste management process and recycling of municipal waste in Tehran. Currently, Kahrizak is the defined landfill area which collects the waste generated from 22 districts of Tehran. The organic wastes undergo to the windrow composting method in order to manage the partial of the waste generated in the city. Samples from the compost pile generated in Kahrizak were examined to evaluate its fertilizer value to be used further by the farmers. The results show that the obtained compost does not reach the acceptable quality to be used further in agriculture, due to lack of homogeneity, aeration and presence of heavy metals. Overall, it has been concluded that, due to the improper waste segregation and management prior to sending to landfill and presence of non-organic materials such as hazardous metals and medical wastes, causes difficulties in proper waste management, implementation and producing high quality compost. Based on this study the existence of stakeholders, society, economy and proper handling rules can effectively improve the waste management system in the country and leads to the sustainable green environment.
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2019
Phragmites australis (common reed) is one of the most extensively distributed emergent plant spec... more Phragmites australis (common reed) is one of the most extensively distributed emergent plant species in the world. This plant has been used for phytoremediation of different types of wastewater, soil, and sediments since the 1970s. Published research confirms that P. australis is a great accumulator for different types of nutrients and heavy metals than other aquatic plants. Therefore, a comprehensive review is needed to have a better understanding of the suitability of this plant for removal of different types of nutrients and heavy metals. This review investigates the existing literature on the removal of nutrients and heavy metals from wastewater, soil, and sediment using P. australis. In addition, after phytoremediation, P. australis has the potential to be used for additional benefits such as the production of bioenergy and animal feedstock due to its specific characteristics. Determination of adaptive strategies is vital to reduce the invasive growth of P. australis in the environment and its economic effects. Future research is suggested to better understand the plant’s physiology and biochemistry for increasing its pollutant removal efficiency.
Bioresources, 2019
Effects of acid, alkali, ionic liquid (IL), and microwave-alkali pretreatments on cellulosic wate... more Effects of acid, alkali, ionic liquid (IL), and microwave-alkali pretreatments on cellulosic water hyacinth (WH) were investigated based on the total reducing sugars (TRS) and ethanol production. For the first time, IL pretreatment with (1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([EMIM][Ac]) was used for WH, and the efficiency was compared with the other methods. Cellulase and Saccharomyces cerevisiae were fermented together for 72 h. Based on the results, all pretreatment methods effectively increased the sugar content as well as the ethanol yield. Untreated WH had 25 ± 1.5 mg/g of TRS, which was increased to 157 ± 8.2 mg/g, 95 ± 3.1 mg/g, 51 ± 4.2 mg/g, and 45 ± 2.6 mg/g via alkali, microwave-alkali, acid, and IL pretreatments, respectively. The highest TRS level of 402 mg/g was obtained in 24 h and 6.2 ± 0.4 g/L of ethanol in 48 h of fermentation with the alkali-treated WH. The ethanol production was followed by other treatment methods of WH in the order of microwave-alkali, acid, and IL. The results indicated that the ethanol production from WH was related to the type of pretreatment as well as the TRS production.
A B S T R A C T For decades, water treatment plants in Malaysia have widely employed aluminium-ba... more A B S T R A C T For decades, water treatment plants in Malaysia have widely employed aluminium-based coagulant for the removal of colloidal particles in surface water. This generates huge amount of by-product, known as sludge that is either reused for land applications or disposed to landfills. As sludge contains high concentration of aluminium , both can pose severe environmental issues. Therefore, this study explored the potential to recover aluminium from water treatment sludge using acid leaching process. The evaluation of aluminium recovery efficiency was conducted in two phases. The first phase used the one factor at a time (OFAT) approach to study the effects of acid concentration, solid to liquid ratio, temperature and heating time. Meanwhile, second phase emphasized on the optimization of aluminium recovery using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). OFAT results indicated that aluminium recovery increased with the rising temperature and heating time. Acid concentration and solid to liquid ratio, however, showed an initial increment followed by reduction of recovery with increasing concentration and ratio. Due to the solidification of sludge when acid concentration exceeded 4 M, this variable was fixed in the optimization study. RSM predicted that aluminium recovery can achieve 70.3% at optimal values of 4 M, 20.9%, 90 °C and 4.4 h of acid concentration, solid to liquid ratio, temperature and heating time, respectively. Experimental validation demonstrated a recovery of 68.8 ± 0.3%. The small discrepancy of 2.2 ± 0.4% between predicted and validated recovery suggests that RSM was a suitable tool in optimizing aluminium recovery conditions for water treatment sludge.
A B S T R A C T Nowadays, air pollution is a serious problem in big cities, since municipal solid... more A B S T R A C T Nowadays, air pollution is a serious problem in big cities, since municipal solid wastes contain high amounts of organic compounds. The aim of this study is to evaluate the emission inventory of the pollutants emitted from the municipal solid wastes landfill of the city of Borujerd, the capital of Borujerd County, Lorestan Province, in western part of Iran. First, all the necessary information, such as the amount of disposed solid waste in the landfill, analysis of the municipal solid wastes and the metrological data were collected. Then, the information was analyzed by the LandGEM model to estimate the amount of carbon dioxide, methane, and non-methane organic compounds emitted into the atmosphere from the Borujerd landfill. Next, the distribution of the pollutants emitted from the landfill was modelled using AERMOD software. The results showed that the majority of biogas is generated between 2015 and 2025. The maximum amount of biogas generation will be observed in 2020, which would be 12,900, 4600 and 200 tons for carbon dioxide, methane, and non-methane organic compounds, respectively. The Borujerd landfill has the potential to generate 4035 MW electricity in 2020.
A B S T R A C T Microplastics (MPs) are generated from plastic and have negative impact to our en... more A B S T R A C T Microplastics (MPs) are generated from plastic and have negative impact to our environment due to high level of fragmentation. They can be originated from various sources in different forms such as fragment, fiber, foam and so on. For detection of MPs, many techniques have been developed with different functions such as microscopic observation, density separation, Raman and FTIR analysis. Besides, due to ingestion of MPs by wide range of marine species, research on the effect of this pollution on biota as well as human is vital. Therefore, we comprehensively reviewed the occurrence and distribution of MPs pollution in both marine and freshwater environments , including rivers, lakes and wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). For future studies, we propose the development of new techniques for sampling MPs in aquatic environments and biota and recommend more research regarding MPs release by WWTPs.
Ferrate (VI) oxidation process and UV radiation can be used for the removal of dye from wastewate... more Ferrate (VI) oxidation process and UV radiation can be used for the removal of dye from wastewater. The aims of this study are 1) investigation of optimal conditions for removal of 1,9-dimethyl-methylene blue zinc chloride double salt from wastewater using ferrate (VI) oxidation process and UV radiation and 2) Study on kinetics coefficient of removal of this compound from wastewater by both ferrate (VI) oxidation and UV radiation. For determination of the optimum conditions for removal of the 1,9-dimethyl-methylene blue zinc chloride double salt, response surface methodology was used. The parameters were pH, temperature, hydraulic retention time (HRT) and initial dye concentration. The results showed that the optimum conditions for the removal of dye by ferrate (VI) oxidation process were at pH of 1.4, temperature of 50 °C, HRT in 50 min and initial dye concentration of 70 mg/L. Also, the optimum conditions for dye removal by UV radiation were at pH 13.5, temperature at 45 °C, HRT in 43 min and initial dye concentration of 66 mg/L. In addition, it is confirmed that the removal of dye from wastewater by both fer-rate (VI) oxidation process and UV radiation were first order kinetics.
Agricultural wastes such as lignocellulosic residues are renewable resources can be used for mush... more Agricultural wastes such as lignocellulosic residues are renewable resources can be used for mushroom cultivation. Spent mushroom substrate (SMS) is defined as leftover of biomass generated by commercial mushroom industries after harvesting period of mushroom. Mushroom cultivation using agricultural wastes promises a good quality of SMS for producing beneficial products such as animal feeding and fertilizers. Based on the published papers, the major applications of SMS are animal feedstock, fertilizer, energy production and wastewater treatment. For instance, some species of mushroom such as Pleurotus spp. and Agaricus bisporus are suitable for applications of ruminant feedstock and fertilizers. This paper reviews the recent studies about the beneficial usage of SMS which is considered as a waste since 2013.
In this study, the potential of Moso bamboo sawdust as an alternative substrate for the cultivati... more In this study, the potential of Moso bamboo sawdust as an alternative substrate for the cultivation of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) was investigated. Oyster mushroom was cultivated on 2-months fermented bamboo sawdust (BS) and mixed with rice bran (RB) and sweet potato schochu lees (SPSL) as additional nutrition. The growth condition, morphological properties, nutritional, mineral contents and free amino acid content of mushroom cultivated were evaluated. Based on the results, the total growth days on the bamboo media were between 3 and 7 days shorter than the conventional media. The bamboo media mixed with RB had better yield and fruiting bodies at 97.9 ± 3.9 g/bottle and 33.6 ± 4.2 no/bottle, respectively. Furthermore, the addition of SPSL to BS increased the protein content and decreased the carbohydrate contents of fruit bodies. In addition, the free-amino acids in the fruit bodies from the bamboo media were 1.5 times higher than the conventional media, which potentially added the higher value to usual mushrooms. Hence, oyster mushroom cultivation can be an alternative method to reduce bamboos wastes in Japan and would promote sustainable growth in agricultural industry.
Anaerobic biodegradation of municipal solid waste produces a large amount of air pollutants. Ther... more Anaerobic biodegradation of municipal solid waste produces a large amount of air pollutants. Therefore, it is important to estimate the quality and quantity of emitted pollutants from land-fills worldwide. The aim of this study is to predict the amount of methane, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and non-methane organic compounds emitted from the Shahrekord, Iran landfill. The LandGEM model, introduced by the US Environmental Protection Agency, was utilized to predict the amount of the above-mentioned gases. Additionally, the AERMOD View model was used to estimate the dispersion of emitted pollutants from the Shahrekord landfill into the atmosphere. Metrological data, the most basic requirement enabling the models to work, were collected from the Islamic Republic of Iran Meteorological Organization. Results showed that the maximum amount of methane, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and non-methane organic compounds will be emitted from Shahrekord landfill in 2021. It is also elaborated that 114 million m 3 of methane will be emitted between 1997 and 2023, with the potential to generate 188100 MW electrical energy. The modeling of pollutants' dispersion into the atmosphere shows that concentration of the pollutants emitted by the landfill was within permissible levels in the city of Shahrekord.
A B S T R A C T Photosynthetic bacteria not only can be applied for wastewater treatment, but als... more A B S T R A C T Photosynthetic bacteria not only can be applied for wastewater treatment, but also are used to generate quality added products such as biodiesel and hydrogen. Although many articles have been published on the utilization of photosynthetic bacteria to treat wastewater, there is no comprehensive literature review on this field. Therefore, the aims of this study are (1) to review the ability of photosynthetic bacteria for removal of different pollutants such as heavy metals, nutrients and dye from wastewater and (2) to review effective parameters such as light intensity and temperature on the growth rate of photosynthetic bacteria. Photosynthetic bacteria have a high ability to remove heavy metals, dyes and macro-pollutants from wastewater. Production of photosynthetic bacterial biomass depends on temperature, light intensity and amount of nutrients in the environment. The yellow light is able to enhance the removal of chemical oxygen demand by photosynthetic bacteria. Also, photosynthetic bacterial biofilms can be deteriorated if insufficient amount of nutrients are accessible. Using photosynthetic bacteria is a promising technology to treat different types of wastewater effectively and economically .
Hydrogen (H 2) is often considered as the best option to store energy coming from renewable sourc... more Hydrogen (H 2) is often considered as the best option to store energy coming from renewable sources. Hydrogen production from lignocellulosic biomass via fermentation offers low cost and environmental friendly method in terms of energy balance and provides a sustainable pathway for utilization of huge amount of unused biomass. In this regard, special attention on potential of different lignocellulosic biomass is required. In this paper, the fermentative hydrogen production from three carbohydrates-rich biomass: water hyacinth , wheat straw and rice straw is comprehensively reviewed. In other point of view, usage of H 2 has a 10% growth annually that will reach to 8e10% of total energy in 2025. Furthermore, research on recent trends of fermentative hydrogen production is crucial and vital. However, the majority of the published researches in the last decade confirmed that some challenges exists which are the process optimization, effecting parameters and commercialization aspects. ScienceDirect j o urn al h om epa ge: www.elsev ier.com/locate/he i n t e r n a t i o n a l j o u r n a l o f h y d r o g e n e n e r g y x x x (2 0 1 7) 1 e1 5
In this study, the potential of dual-phase composite adsorbent to determine the removal efficienc... more In this study, the potential of dual-phase composite adsorbent to determine the removal efficiency of organic compounds such as COD, BOD, TP, and TN was investigated. The combination ratio of cockleshell and natural zeolite was optimized using D-optimal mixture design (DMD). The generated ratio was tested using run test in Easy Care PipeSystem (ECPS). Breakthrough curve was plotted to determine the total removal by composite adsorbent. In addition, linearization of the breakthrough curve by dynamic models was implemented to characterize the adsorption process by the composite adsorbent in ECPS column model. The linearization of breakthrough curve was done using mathematical models, Adam-Bohart, Yoon-Nelson and Thomas model. It was found that the optimal mixture ratio was at 75% cockleshells and 25% natural zeolite. Based on the experiments, the composite adsorbent showed high tendency to higher removal by 90% of targeted value. Based on the results, the composite adsorbent was fitted better with Yoon-Nelson and Thomas model rather than Adam-Bohart model. The generated models were able to characterize the adsorption process using composite adsorbent in the ECPS column system.
Coagulation, chemical oxidation and disinfection are essential processes in water and waste treat... more Coagulation, chemical oxidation and disinfection are essential processes in water and waste treatment. A chemical that can be applied for all the above-mentioned purposes is ferrate (VI). The aim of this study is to review ferrate (VI) production, measurement, stability, mutagenicity and utilization in coagulation, chemical oxidation and disinfection of water and wastewater treatment. Also, in this study different electrochemical reactors that can be used for ferrate (VI) production have been introduced. In acidic conditions, the oxidation and reduction capacity of ferrate (VI) is superior to all currently utilized oxidizers and disinfectants in water and wastewater treatment. New research provides the technologies of using ferrate (VI) for coagulation, chemical oxidation and disinfection of water and wastewater simultaneously in a reactor, which can reduce the size of water and wastewater treatment plants and increase their treatment efficiency. Despite the existence of these technologies, there is no full-scale application of ferrate (VI) in the water and wastewater industry. This is due to difficulties associated with (1) the lack of adequate research demonstrating its capabilities and advantages over existing water and wastewater treatment methods, (2) the instability of ferrate (VI) depending on its method of preparation and (3) the relatively low yield of ferrate (VI). Therefore, to solve the above-mentioned difficulties, fundamental study most be carried out to discover the novel methods of ferrate (VI) production, focusing on increasing product stability and production yield.
fermentation time, respectively. The highest ethanol produced by MIX with 5.1 ± 1.2 g/L with 60% ... more fermentation time, respectively. The highest ethanol produced by MIX with 5.1 ± 1.2 g/L with 60% sugar consumption , 0.085 gp/L/h ethanol volumetric productivity, 0.42 gp/ gs ethanol yield and 82% theoretical yield in 60 h of fermentation. Ethanol production followed up by 3.4 ± 0.8, 3.2 ± 0.9, 1.5 ± 0.4 and 1.1 ± 0.5 g/L using SC, HD, FME and FBE, respectively. The results shows that ethanol production rate is correlated to sugar consumption during fermentation.
Artificial neural networks (ANNs) have been widely used to solve the problems because of their re... more Artificial neural networks (ANNs) have been widely used to solve the problems because of their reliable,
robust, and salient characteristics in capturing the nonlinear relationships between variables in complex
systems. In this study, ANN was applied for modeling of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and
biodegradable organic matter (BOD) removal from palm oil mill secondary effluent (POMSE) by vetiver
system. The independent variable, including POMSE concentration, vetiver slips density, and removal time,
has been considered as input parameters to optimize the network, while the removal percentage of COD
and BOD were selected as output. To determine the number of hidden layer nodes, the root mean
squared error of testing set was minimized, and the topologies of the algorithms were compared by
coefficient of determination and absolute average deviation. The comparison indicated that the quick
propagation (QP) algorithm had minimum root mean squared error and absolute average deviation, and
maximum coefficient of determination. The importance values of the variables was included vetiver slips
density with 42.41%, time with 29.8%, and the POMSE concentration with 27.79%, which showed none of
them, is negligible. Results show that the ANN has great potential ability in prediction of COD and BOD
removal from POMSE with residual standard error (RSE) of less than 0.45%.
Lignocellulosic biomass resources are renewable materials that can be converted to fermentable su... more Lignocellulosic biomass resources are renewable materials that can be converted to fermentable sugars and subsequently into ethanol. Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) is a cellulosic aquatic plant that has high carbohydrates, low lignin content, and notable reducing sugars content in its structure. Based on the literature review in the case of water hyacinth, the most frequently used pretreatment methods were acid and alkali, while ionic liquid and microwave-assisted methods were used rarely. The dominant sugars were glucose, xylose, galactose, arabinose, and mannose. Based on the findings, cellulase and S. cerevisiae were mostly used for enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation of water hyacinth to ethanol, respectively. This review presents the recent studies in pretreatment, hydrolysis, and fermentation of water hyacinth biomass into ethanol.
• This review outlined heavy metal removal from water by different aquatic plants species. • Phyt... more • This review outlined heavy metal removal from water by different aquatic plants species. • Phytoremediation is a cost effective and green wastewater remediation method. • Phytofiltration (rhizofiltration) is the sole method for heavy metal uptake from water. • Free floating aquatic plants are more efficient than submerged and emergent plants. a b s t r a c t Environmental pollution specifically water pollution is alarming both in the developed and developing countries. Heavy metal contamination of water resources is a critical issue which adversely affects humans, plants and animals. Phytoremediation is a cost-effective remediation technology which able to treat heavy metal polluted sites. This environmental friendly method has been successfully implemented in constructed wetland (CWs) which is able to restore the aquatic biosystem naturally. Nowadays, many aquatic plant species are being investigated to determine their potential and effectiveness for phy-toremediation application, especially high growth rate plants i.e. macrophytes. Based on the findings, phytofiltration (rhizofiltration) is the sole method which defined as heavy metals removal from water by aquatic plants. Due to specific morphology and higher growth rate, free-floating plants were more efficient to uptake heavy metals in comparison with submerged and emergent plants. In this review, the potential of wide range of aquatic plant species with main focus on four well known species (hyper-accumulators): Pistia stratiotes, Eicchornia spp., Lemna spp. and Salvinia spp. was investigated. Moreover, we discussed about the history, methods and future prospects in phytoremediation of heavy metals by aquatic plants comprehensively.
In the present study we investigated the fuel properties of bio-briquettes made from a combinatio... more In the present study we investigated the fuel properties of bio-briquettes made from a combination of water hyacinth and empty fruit bunch fiber (palm oil mill residue). Water hyacinth (WH) was mixed with empty fruit bunch (EFB) fibers in a ratio of 25, 50, 75, 90, and 100% by weight and cassava starch added as binder. The experimental results showed that the addition of WH had a little effect (p < 0.05) on the physical and combustion properties of the briquettes. The proximate analysis showed that the moisture content, ash content and fixed carbon content were increased with the increase in WH amount from 25 to 100%, while the volatile matter content and calorific value decreased. Combustion test showed that the increase in the WH percentage in bio-briquette resulted in the decreased of O 2 and CO level, whereas, that of CO 2 and NO, NO 2 and SO 2 were increased. Therefore, the results conclude that the WH: EFB biomass bio-briquette could be a great potential as an alternative source to conventional coal to minimize the emission of greenhouse gases.
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Papers by Shahabaldin Rezania
robust, and salient characteristics in capturing the nonlinear relationships between variables in complex
systems. In this study, ANN was applied for modeling of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and
biodegradable organic matter (BOD) removal from palm oil mill secondary effluent (POMSE) by vetiver
system. The independent variable, including POMSE concentration, vetiver slips density, and removal time,
has been considered as input parameters to optimize the network, while the removal percentage of COD
and BOD were selected as output. To determine the number of hidden layer nodes, the root mean
squared error of testing set was minimized, and the topologies of the algorithms were compared by
coefficient of determination and absolute average deviation. The comparison indicated that the quick
propagation (QP) algorithm had minimum root mean squared error and absolute average deviation, and
maximum coefficient of determination. The importance values of the variables was included vetiver slips
density with 42.41%, time with 29.8%, and the POMSE concentration with 27.79%, which showed none of
them, is negligible. Results show that the ANN has great potential ability in prediction of COD and BOD
removal from POMSE with residual standard error (RSE) of less than 0.45%.
robust, and salient characteristics in capturing the nonlinear relationships between variables in complex
systems. In this study, ANN was applied for modeling of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and
biodegradable organic matter (BOD) removal from palm oil mill secondary effluent (POMSE) by vetiver
system. The independent variable, including POMSE concentration, vetiver slips density, and removal time,
has been considered as input parameters to optimize the network, while the removal percentage of COD
and BOD were selected as output. To determine the number of hidden layer nodes, the root mean
squared error of testing set was minimized, and the topologies of the algorithms were compared by
coefficient of determination and absolute average deviation. The comparison indicated that the quick
propagation (QP) algorithm had minimum root mean squared error and absolute average deviation, and
maximum coefficient of determination. The importance values of the variables was included vetiver slips
density with 42.41%, time with 29.8%, and the POMSE concentration with 27.79%, which showed none of
them, is negligible. Results show that the ANN has great potential ability in prediction of COD and BOD
removal from POMSE with residual standard error (RSE) of less than 0.45%.