HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Feb 1, 2017
This research was supported by funding from the Ministry of Women's Rights through a multiyear pa... more This research was supported by funding from the Ministry of Women's Rights through a multiyear partnership agreement with OFCE, PRESAGE a 1 We would like to thank Romain Chappoz, who participated in this research during an internship at the OFCE. We would also like to thank Sophie Ponthieux, Amandine Schreiber, Marta Dominguez-Folguera, and the people who took part in the OFCE seminar and the INSEE's "Inequality" seminar for their comments. a Programme de Recherche et d'Enseignement des SAvoirs sur le GEnre.
This paper proposes a dynamic statistical-discrimination model of job assignment and promotion wh... more This paper proposes a dynamic statistical-discrimination model of job assignment and promotion which takes into account the endogeneity of human-capital investment and where the employer’s prior beliefs are self-fulfilling in equilibrium. The model shows that the equilibrium results from standard statistical-discrimination models may change when we account for discrimination/self-selection in hiring via the employer’s beliefs about worker expected quit rates and ability. The model is estimated on the Egyptian labour market using a multivariate simulated maximum likelihood model, and the results confirm the model’s predictions. When women face significant adversity in hiring, those women who overcome this initial discrimination are as likely to be promoted as their male counterparts with similar characteristics.
This paper proposes a dynamic statistical-discrimination model of job assignment and promotion wh... more This paper proposes a dynamic statistical-discrimination model of job assignment and promotion which takes into account the endogeneity of human-capital investment and where the employer’s prior beliefs are self-fulfilling in equilibrium. The model shows that the equilibrium results from standard statistical-discrimination models may change when we account for discrimination/self-selection in hiring via the employer’s beliefs about worker expected quit rates and ability. The model is estimated on the Egyptian labour market using a multivariate simulated maximum likelihood model, and the results confirm the model’s predictions. When women face significant adversity in hiring, those women who overcome this initial discrimination are as likely to be promoted as their male counterparts with similar characteristics.
Les Français plébiscitent la crèche, mais seuls 16 % des enfants non encore scolarisés y étaient ... more Les Français plébiscitent la crèche, mais seuls 16 % des enfants non encore scolarisés y étaient accueillis en 2011. Indépendamment de l'offre insuffisante, certains enfants, notamment ceux de famille modeste, ont-ils plus de chance d'y avoir accès que d'autres ? Analysant l'enquête Famille et Logements de 2011, Nathalie Le Bouteillec, Lamia Kandil et Anne Solaz examinent quels sont les enfants qui bénéficient de ce mode de garde.
This paper aims to explain why the division of domestic labor within couples differs according to... more This paper aims to explain why the division of domestic labor within couples differs according to their marital status. We analyze the evolution of the gender division of labor in France using time-use surveys (1985, 1999 and 2009). In 1985 and in 1998, married women were performing a larger share of domestic labor than cohabiting women. In 1985 this gap is explained by differences in the observed characteristics of married and cohabiting couples, whereas by the late 1990s cohabiting couples were opting for an organization that was less unequal than that of married couples, all else being equal. In 2009, the average share of domestic labor performed by women was about the same whether they were cohabiting or married (72% and 73.5%), but it was significantly lower for women in civil union, which was introduced in 1999 (65.1%). The self-selection process of couples regarding their gender ideology might explain this result: the civil partnership attracts more egalitarian couples.
Asymmetric allocation of men and women across occupations had been widely considered as a main fa... more Asymmetric allocation of men and women across occupations had been widely considered as a main factor that could explain gender wage di erentials, especially at the top of the distribution of wages. Whether this di erence in the occupation structure between the two sexes is essentially due to di erences in productive characteristics, to self-selection or to employer’s discrimination is still an unaccomplished debate. We propose in this paper a dynamic model of statistical discrimination in job assignment and promotion which takes into account both the endogeneity of investment in human capital and fertility decision, and where employer’s prior belief are selffulfilling in equilibrium. Building on Lazear and Rosen’s (1990) model we show how, under certain conditions, discrimination/self-selection at the hiring stage may change equilibrium’s results by altering employer’s believes about expected quit rates and ability of workers. We test the hypotheses of our model using a multivariat...
The purpose of this article is to analyse the division of domestic tasks within the couple accord... more The purpose of this article is to analyse the division of domestic tasks within the couple according to their marital status as well as how this has changed since the 1980s based on three INSEE time-use surveys (1985-86, 1998-99 and 2009-10). The ordinary least squares (OLS) method is complemented by the matching method, which is used to account for the self-selection of the couples in terms of their observable characteristics in different forms of union (marriage, cohabitation and civil partnerships for 2009-10). In 1985-86 and in 1998-99, the degree of the sexual division of labour was higher for married couples than for cohabiting couples. For 1985-1986, this difference is explained by differences in the characteristics of the couples who were cohabiting. However, by the late 1990s cohabiting couples had opted for an organization that was less unequal than that of married couples, all else being equal. For 2009-10, the average amount of domestic work performed by women was about ...
This paper aims to explain why the division of domestic labor within couples differs according to... more This paper aims to explain why the division of domestic labor within couples differs according to their marital status. We analyze the evolution of the gender division of labor in France using time-use surveys (1985, 1998 and 2009). In 1985 and in 1998, married women were performing a larger share of domestic labor than cohabiting women. In 1985 this gap is explained by differences in the observed characteristics of married and cohabiting couples, whereas by the late 1990s cohabiting couples were opting for an organization that was less unequal than that of married couples, all else being equal. In 2009, the average share of domestic labor performed by women was about the same whether they were cohabiting or married (72% and 73.5%), but it was significantly lower (65.1%) for women in civil union, which was introduced in 1998. The self-selection process of couples regarding their gender values can explain this result, as the civil partnership attracts more egalitarian couples.
HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe), Feb 1, 2017
This research was supported by funding from the Ministry of Women's Rights through a multiyear pa... more This research was supported by funding from the Ministry of Women's Rights through a multiyear partnership agreement with OFCE, PRESAGE a 1 We would like to thank Romain Chappoz, who participated in this research during an internship at the OFCE. We would also like to thank Sophie Ponthieux, Amandine Schreiber, Marta Dominguez-Folguera, and the people who took part in the OFCE seminar and the INSEE's "Inequality" seminar for their comments. a Programme de Recherche et d'Enseignement des SAvoirs sur le GEnre.
This paper proposes a dynamic statistical-discrimination model of job assignment and promotion wh... more This paper proposes a dynamic statistical-discrimination model of job assignment and promotion which takes into account the endogeneity of human-capital investment and where the employer’s prior beliefs are self-fulfilling in equilibrium. The model shows that the equilibrium results from standard statistical-discrimination models may change when we account for discrimination/self-selection in hiring via the employer’s beliefs about worker expected quit rates and ability. The model is estimated on the Egyptian labour market using a multivariate simulated maximum likelihood model, and the results confirm the model’s predictions. When women face significant adversity in hiring, those women who overcome this initial discrimination are as likely to be promoted as their male counterparts with similar characteristics.
This paper proposes a dynamic statistical-discrimination model of job assignment and promotion wh... more This paper proposes a dynamic statistical-discrimination model of job assignment and promotion which takes into account the endogeneity of human-capital investment and where the employer’s prior beliefs are self-fulfilling in equilibrium. The model shows that the equilibrium results from standard statistical-discrimination models may change when we account for discrimination/self-selection in hiring via the employer’s beliefs about worker expected quit rates and ability. The model is estimated on the Egyptian labour market using a multivariate simulated maximum likelihood model, and the results confirm the model’s predictions. When women face significant adversity in hiring, those women who overcome this initial discrimination are as likely to be promoted as their male counterparts with similar characteristics.
Les Français plébiscitent la crèche, mais seuls 16 % des enfants non encore scolarisés y étaient ... more Les Français plébiscitent la crèche, mais seuls 16 % des enfants non encore scolarisés y étaient accueillis en 2011. Indépendamment de l'offre insuffisante, certains enfants, notamment ceux de famille modeste, ont-ils plus de chance d'y avoir accès que d'autres ? Analysant l'enquête Famille et Logements de 2011, Nathalie Le Bouteillec, Lamia Kandil et Anne Solaz examinent quels sont les enfants qui bénéficient de ce mode de garde.
This paper aims to explain why the division of domestic labor within couples differs according to... more This paper aims to explain why the division of domestic labor within couples differs according to their marital status. We analyze the evolution of the gender division of labor in France using time-use surveys (1985, 1999 and 2009). In 1985 and in 1998, married women were performing a larger share of domestic labor than cohabiting women. In 1985 this gap is explained by differences in the observed characteristics of married and cohabiting couples, whereas by the late 1990s cohabiting couples were opting for an organization that was less unequal than that of married couples, all else being equal. In 2009, the average share of domestic labor performed by women was about the same whether they were cohabiting or married (72% and 73.5%), but it was significantly lower for women in civil union, which was introduced in 1999 (65.1%). The self-selection process of couples regarding their gender ideology might explain this result: the civil partnership attracts more egalitarian couples.
Asymmetric allocation of men and women across occupations had been widely considered as a main fa... more Asymmetric allocation of men and women across occupations had been widely considered as a main factor that could explain gender wage di erentials, especially at the top of the distribution of wages. Whether this di erence in the occupation structure between the two sexes is essentially due to di erences in productive characteristics, to self-selection or to employer’s discrimination is still an unaccomplished debate. We propose in this paper a dynamic model of statistical discrimination in job assignment and promotion which takes into account both the endogeneity of investment in human capital and fertility decision, and where employer’s prior belief are selffulfilling in equilibrium. Building on Lazear and Rosen’s (1990) model we show how, under certain conditions, discrimination/self-selection at the hiring stage may change equilibrium’s results by altering employer’s believes about expected quit rates and ability of workers. We test the hypotheses of our model using a multivariat...
The purpose of this article is to analyse the division of domestic tasks within the couple accord... more The purpose of this article is to analyse the division of domestic tasks within the couple according to their marital status as well as how this has changed since the 1980s based on three INSEE time-use surveys (1985-86, 1998-99 and 2009-10). The ordinary least squares (OLS) method is complemented by the matching method, which is used to account for the self-selection of the couples in terms of their observable characteristics in different forms of union (marriage, cohabitation and civil partnerships for 2009-10). In 1985-86 and in 1998-99, the degree of the sexual division of labour was higher for married couples than for cohabiting couples. For 1985-1986, this difference is explained by differences in the characteristics of the couples who were cohabiting. However, by the late 1990s cohabiting couples had opted for an organization that was less unequal than that of married couples, all else being equal. For 2009-10, the average amount of domestic work performed by women was about ...
This paper aims to explain why the division of domestic labor within couples differs according to... more This paper aims to explain why the division of domestic labor within couples differs according to their marital status. We analyze the evolution of the gender division of labor in France using time-use surveys (1985, 1998 and 2009). In 1985 and in 1998, married women were performing a larger share of domestic labor than cohabiting women. In 1985 this gap is explained by differences in the observed characteristics of married and cohabiting couples, whereas by the late 1990s cohabiting couples were opting for an organization that was less unequal than that of married couples, all else being equal. In 2009, the average share of domestic labor performed by women was about the same whether they were cohabiting or married (72% and 73.5%), but it was significantly lower (65.1%) for women in civil union, which was introduced in 1998. The self-selection process of couples regarding their gender values can explain this result, as the civil partnership attracts more egalitarian couples.
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