YILDIRIM TURAN
http://www.yildirimturan.sakarya.edu.tr/
Phone: +902642956376
Address: Sakarya Uni. iibf, Uls.iliskiler, Room: D-9, Esentepe kampüsü, Adapazari/Turkei
Phone: +902642956376
Address: Sakarya Uni. iibf, Uls.iliskiler, Room: D-9, Esentepe kampüsü, Adapazari/Turkei
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Papers by YILDIRIM TURAN
ABSTRACT
This study aims to uncover why and how France perceives Islam and Muslims as a security threat to itself. This threat approach, examined within the framework of securitization theory, is analyzed based on Islamophobia. The study also attempts to explain when and with what consequences the problem, which represents other inquiries of the theory, has been securitized. In this regard, the discourses of actors, enacted laws, and practices of state institutions have been descriptively analyzed as part of a process. The analysis covers securitization cases between 2015 and 2022. It is observed in the study that securitizing actors securitize Islam and Muslims by associating them with migration and terrorism issues, considering them a threat to military, political, and societal reference objects. It is concluded that these securitizing actors prefer to use Islamophobic securitization as a tool of power to strengthen the French identity and to discipline/assimilate Muslims. At the resolution point, it is observed that French Islam is targeted for desecuritization. It is understood that the securitization also generates insecurity towards Muslims and reveals that France produces its own threat through insecuritization.
Abstract
Foreign policy is a concept that encompasses all relationships involving a country’s management of political, economic, and cultural ties with the outside world. Therefore, developing a strong foreign policy is critical for every nation. Statesmen work towards this goal and offer recommendations in the field of foreign policy. Necmettin Erbakan, a prominent figure in the Turkish political arena, brought different perspectives to Turkish politics and foreign policy from 1969 until his passing in 2011. His Adil Düzen (Just Order) approach, shaped within the framework of the National Vision ideology, constitutes a central element that shapes his foreign policy understanding, which is the focus of this research. A colorful political personality, Erbakan engaged in extraordinary discourse and actions. His formative years of education and work significantly influenced his political ideas. Erbakan’s Adil Düzen approach, infused with Islamic references, focuses on four fundamental areas: economic, political, ethical, and scientific. Within this conceptual framework, his writings, speeches, and illustrations stand as valuable sources of information. Through an analysis of Erbakan’s political style, it becomes clear that he crafted his narratives using unique language and expressions to ensure both memorability and captivation. Consequently, throughout this study, the writing style frequently mirrors Erbakan’s own definitions. This research, centered on Erbakan’s foreign policy perspective, employs a historical method, drawing on documents, evidence, and prior research. The acquired data is presented in a structured manner using a descriptive approach.
(Ortadoğu bölgesindeki çatışma ve istikrarsızlık ortamının ardında İran-Suudi Arabistan rekabeti bulunmaktadır. Bununla birlikte bu rekabetin politik doğası, çoğunlukla ana akım medya tarafından aşırı derecede basitleştirilmiştir. Benzer biçimde İran-Suudi Arabistan rekabetinin içindeki kimlik politikaları üzerine yazılmış literatürün büyük bir kısmı bölgesel istikrarsızlıkların kökeni ve kaynağını ağırlıklı olarak tarihlerinin genel ve betimleyici bir hesabını sunmuş veya oyuncuların iktidar mücadeleleri içerisinde Sünni ve Şii İslam'ın politikleşmesine ve manipülasyonuna odaklanmıştır. Bu araştırmanın teorik modelini halen mevcut olan Primordialism, araçsalcılık ve sosyal inşacılık gibi kimlik politikaları teorilerinin bir sentezi oluşturmaktadır. Bu modelde, mezhepsel kimlik-Orta Doğu toplumlarına özgü ve bölgesel tarihle birlikte inşa edilen bir öz olarak-yalnızca siyasi süreçler üzerindeki etkileriyle değil, aynı zamanda siyasal aktörlerin tüm seviyedeki siyasal uygulama pratikleri ile ölçülmüştür.)
ABSTRACT
This study aims to uncover why and how France perceives Islam and Muslims as a security threat to itself. This threat approach, examined within the framework of securitization theory, is analyzed based on Islamophobia. The study also attempts to explain when and with what consequences the problem, which represents other inquiries of the theory, has been securitized. In this regard, the discourses of actors, enacted laws, and practices of state institutions have been descriptively analyzed as part of a process. The analysis covers securitization cases between 2015 and 2022. It is observed in the study that securitizing actors securitize Islam and Muslims by associating them with migration and terrorism issues, considering them a threat to military, political, and societal reference objects. It is concluded that these securitizing actors prefer to use Islamophobic securitization as a tool of power to strengthen the French identity and to discipline/assimilate Muslims. At the resolution point, it is observed that French Islam is targeted for desecuritization. It is understood that the securitization also generates insecurity towards Muslims and reveals that France produces its own threat through insecuritization.
Abstract
Foreign policy is a concept that encompasses all relationships involving a country’s management of political, economic, and cultural ties with the outside world. Therefore, developing a strong foreign policy is critical for every nation. Statesmen work towards this goal and offer recommendations in the field of foreign policy. Necmettin Erbakan, a prominent figure in the Turkish political arena, brought different perspectives to Turkish politics and foreign policy from 1969 until his passing in 2011. His Adil Düzen (Just Order) approach, shaped within the framework of the National Vision ideology, constitutes a central element that shapes his foreign policy understanding, which is the focus of this research. A colorful political personality, Erbakan engaged in extraordinary discourse and actions. His formative years of education and work significantly influenced his political ideas. Erbakan’s Adil Düzen approach, infused with Islamic references, focuses on four fundamental areas: economic, political, ethical, and scientific. Within this conceptual framework, his writings, speeches, and illustrations stand as valuable sources of information. Through an analysis of Erbakan’s political style, it becomes clear that he crafted his narratives using unique language and expressions to ensure both memorability and captivation. Consequently, throughout this study, the writing style frequently mirrors Erbakan’s own definitions. This research, centered on Erbakan’s foreign policy perspective, employs a historical method, drawing on documents, evidence, and prior research. The acquired data is presented in a structured manner using a descriptive approach.
(Ortadoğu bölgesindeki çatışma ve istikrarsızlık ortamının ardında İran-Suudi Arabistan rekabeti bulunmaktadır. Bununla birlikte bu rekabetin politik doğası, çoğunlukla ana akım medya tarafından aşırı derecede basitleştirilmiştir. Benzer biçimde İran-Suudi Arabistan rekabetinin içindeki kimlik politikaları üzerine yazılmış literatürün büyük bir kısmı bölgesel istikrarsızlıkların kökeni ve kaynağını ağırlıklı olarak tarihlerinin genel ve betimleyici bir hesabını sunmuş veya oyuncuların iktidar mücadeleleri içerisinde Sünni ve Şii İslam'ın politikleşmesine ve manipülasyonuna odaklanmıştır. Bu araştırmanın teorik modelini halen mevcut olan Primordialism, araçsalcılık ve sosyal inşacılık gibi kimlik politikaları teorilerinin bir sentezi oluşturmaktadır. Bu modelde, mezhepsel kimlik-Orta Doğu toplumlarına özgü ve bölgesel tarihle birlikte inşa edilen bir öz olarak-yalnızca siyasi süreçler üzerindeki etkileriyle değil, aynı zamanda siyasal aktörlerin tüm seviyedeki siyasal uygulama pratikleri ile ölçülmüştür.)
The fifth Middle East Congress on Politics and Society organized by the Middle East Institute, Sakarya University, will be held online on November 14-15, 2020. The congress aims to create a platform contributing to research on the Middle East and bring in new ideas and perspectives by drawing respective scientists together. Significant developments have occurred in the Middle East in the two year-period since the Fourth Congress held in 2018. It is our goal to look at historical, political, and social developments in the region. In doing so, different perspectives – as indicated below – will help widen our understanding of the region.
The Middle East has been a remarkable region throughout human history due to the geographical area it encompasses, the diversity of ethnic and religious structures it harbors, the civilizations it has built, and its long existence. Although there have been many studies and research tackling these aspects of the region from various perspectives, the need to further explore the Middle East is undeniable. Even after leaving behind one century, the region’s nation-states founded following World War I remain plagued by political, cultural, and social problems due to both foreign interventions and domestic rivalries. Inevitably, this prompts us to assess the historical legacy of the Middle East region and its unique structure in an extensive fashion.
The Middle East has been a remarkable region throughout human history due to the geographical area it encompasses, the diversity of ethnic and religious structures it harbors, the civilizations it has built, and its long existence. Although there have been many studies and research tackling these aspects of the region from various perspectives, the need to further explore the Middle East is undeniable. Even after leaving behind one century, the region’s nation-states founded following World War I remain plagued by political, cultural, and social problems due to both foreign interventions and domestic rivalries. Inevitably, this prompts us to assess the historical legacy of the Middle East region and its unique structure in an extensive fashion.
The Middle East entered the 21st century bearing witness to important events. Especially, the popular uprisings since 2010 have had new outcomes for regional countries in the first place that have not been insignificant at the global level either. This added to the already existing complexity of the region. Contrary to democratic transition expectations, the Arab Uprisings have resulted in civil wars, and exacerbated the power struggle over the Gulf region and the Palestinian issue. Moreover, the presidential change in America and Donald Trump’s new Middle East policy have induced new dynamics.
While Trump’s decision on Jerusalem helped bring back the Palestinian issue on the region’s agenda, his strained Iran policy paved the way for the reconfiguration of regional alliances. On the other hand, Russia’s increasing involvement as a global power in regional issues has accelerated power struggles in the Middle East. These developments in all their details pose a new historical challenge to regional and global actors. This challenge begs, more than ever, the rethinking of a set of concepts and processes ranging from the relation of religion and state to state-society relations, from the existence of global actors in the region to the behavior of policymakers, and from seeking new alliances to power struggles.
Following the Arab Uprisings, the Middle Eastern landscape ushered in an era of a changing status quo and power struggles related to it. In this era, it can be contemporarily observed that traditional powers strive to reassert their positions. As a result of new conditions in the region, both policymakers and social scientists are required to re-evaluate social and political dynamics in the Middle East.
This congress aims to bring researchers and renowned scientists together to reconsider and discuss the current state of affairs in the region and its transformation, including issues of local communities, societies, and political structures (e.g. the last hundred years of the Middle East, transformation of political power, struggle for leverage, civil-military relations, democratic politics, new theo-political discourses, social legitimacy of authority, social justice, national self-determination, status of the Middle East in international politics, foreign policy, migration/refugees, the issue of Jerusalem). For the purpose of a better understanding of the historical process and social dynamics of the region, the Middle East Institute of the Sakarya University, which has been working to this end since its foundation, invites academics, political figures, and activists from all realms, to the Fifth Middle East Congress on Politics and Society.
The language of the congress is Turkish and English.
All submitted abstracts will be subject to double-blind review. Full papers that passed the evaluation process may be published (after the journal’s peer review decision) in the Turkish Journal of Middle Eastern Studies or in the Middle East Yearbook. Abstracts of no more than 250 words together with the abstract submission form, uploaded on our congress website, should be sent to [email protected] no later than October 2, 2020. For further information and updates, please visit www.middleeastcongress.org / www.ormer.sakarya.edu.tr. Papers are expected to be related to the topics put in preliminary panel contents below.
SUBJECT
1- The Middle East and Social Issues a Decade after the Arab Uprisings
Middle East Politics following Arab Uprisings
Policies of Regional and Global Actors toward Arab Uprisings
Impact of Arab Uprisings on Regional Economies and Social Structures
2- Israeli-Palestinian Issue and International Politics
Israel’s Occupation Policies in Palestine
US Policy toward Israel/Palestine during the Trump Administration
Palestinian Politics: Hamas and al-Fatah
3- Gulf Region: Rising Actors in the Middle East
Political and Social Transformation in the Gulf States
Saudi and Emirati Policies toward the Middle East
Gulf Policies of Regional and International Actors
4- Global and Regional Rivalry in the Eastern Mediterranean
Libyan Crisis and Regional Security
Libya Policies of Global and Regional Actors
Emerging Regional Alliances in the Eastern Mediterranean Context
5- Syrian Civil War
Future of Local Actors in the Syrian Civil War
Syria Policies of Global and Regional Actors
Refugee Issue
6- Turkey – Middle East Relations
Turkey’s Relations with Regional Actors
Turkey’s Middle East Policy and Middle East Policies of Great Powers
Political Economy of Turkey’s Middle East Policy
7- Political Economy of the Middle East
Politico-economic Rivalry in the Middle East
Economy Policies of Great Powers toward the Middle East
Oil Crisis and its Impact
8- The Middle East in International Politics
US Middle East Policy
Russian Middle East Policy
The Role of Middle East Countries in International Politics
9- Migration and Refugees in the Middle East
Migration Movements in the Middle East
Migration inbetween International Security and Human Security
Future of Civil War and Refugees
10- Society, Religion and Politics in Iran
Iranian Foreign Policy and the Crises in the Middle East
Regional and Global Powers’ Relations with Iran
Social Movements in Iran and the Future of the Regime
11- The Political and Economic Crisis in Lebanon
Lebanese Demonstrations and their Socio-political Effects
The Beirut Port Blast and its Regional and International Effects
Economic Crisis: Impact on Lebanon, Syria, and other Regional Actors
12- Society and Politics in North Africa
Signs of the Socio-political Transformation in Tunisia
Libya’s Social Structure and the Civil War
New Dynamics in Algeria’s Social Movements