ICNIRP(1998) and IEEE C95.1-2005 limits for human exposure to radio-frequency fields are derived ... more ICNIRP(1998) and IEEE C95.1-2005 limits for human exposure to radio-frequency fields are derived based on the condition of maximal coupling of the field to the body. In this study, at 900 MHz, the whole body average specific absorption rate (SARWB) for an adult's and a ...
[摘要]: 正 The mass sensitivity of a layered surface acoustic wave (SAW) device, ZnO/36 LiTaO_3, has... more [摘要]: 正 The mass sensitivity of a layered surface acoustic wave (SAW) device, ZnO/36 LiTaO_3, has been studied. Gold layers of different thicknesses were deposited to form the protein-sensitive layer, in order to compare the responses to biological materials and to find the optimum thickness of the gold thin
TENCON 2005 - 2005 IEEE Region 10 Conference, 2005
Abstract A novel electrically conductive photoresist has been formulated to fabricate microcompon... more Abstract A novel electrically conductive photoresist has been formulated to fabricate microcomponents. The developed conductive photoresist is based upon SU-8 photopolymer, an insulating negative-tone epoxy, in which protonically doped polyaniline (PANI) nanoparticles have been dispersed to enhance the electrical properties. The characteristics of this new conductive photoresist have been studied via electrical measurements. The process for preparing the conductive films from the combination of EB ...
International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics
The aim of this investigation was to develop a specific modelling approach capable of reducing th... more The aim of this investigation was to develop a specific modelling approach capable of reducing the size of the fuel injector solenoid device while improving its response time and attraction force. Several developed modelling and simulation procedures have focused on various aspects of solenoid component modifications in order to develop an evolution process of miniaturising a fuel injector solenoid, using the latest finite element method (FEM) tool software. The specific factors that influenced the optimum operation of the fuel injector solenoid were the geometrical shape of individual solenoid components, material properties, air-gap constraints, boundary conditions, current source conditions, mass constants, and damping coefficients of the plunger. The attraction force distribution in the main air-gap was directly influenced by the taper angle of the 2D and 3D plunger pole faces, plunger length and the permanent magnetism. The precise definition of the electro-mechanical motion of plunger was of enormous importance in reducing the fuel injector solenoid response time, closely related to stroke and mass of the plunger, spring characteristics, motion and rebound of the plunger. Using the developed approach, the initial size of the fuel injector has been reduced by 35%, the attraction force increased by 26% and the response time reduced by 76%. However, by frequently repeating the design trials and conducting a thorough experimental investigation, the final minimum response time was achieved by the virtual rebound delay model. The reduction in response time from the 'optimal' experimental to virtual model was by 35%. The simplicity and effectiveness of the developed methods, allowed for quick and accurate evaluation.
In this study, Fast Fourier transform (FFT) and autoregressive (AR) methods were selected for pro... more In this study, Fast Fourier transform (FFT) and autoregressive (AR) methods were selected for processing the photoplethysmogram (PPG), electrocardiogram (ECG), electroencephalogram (EEG) signals recorded in order to examine the effects of pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) at extremely low frequency (ELF) upon the human electrophysiological signal behavior. The parameters in the autoregressive (AR) method were found by using the least squares method. The power spectra of the PPG, ECG, and EEG signals were obtained by using these spectral analysis techniques. These power spectra were then used to compare the applied methods in terms of their frequency resolution and the effects in extraction of the features representing the PPG, ECG, and EEG signals. Some conclusions were drawn concerning the efficiency of the FFT and least squares AR methods as feature extraction methods used for representing the signals under study.
Drug discovery and development are intense, lengthy and interdisciplinary processes. Traditionall... more Drug discovery and development are intense, lengthy and interdisciplinary processes. Traditionally, drugs were discovered by synthesizing compounds in time-consuming multi-step experimental investigations followed by in vitro and in vivo biological screening. Promising candidates were then further studied for their pharmacokinetic properties, metabolism and potential toxicity. Today, the process of drug discovery has been revolutionized due to the advances in genomics, proteomics, and bioinformatics. Efficient technologies such as combinatorial chemistry, high throughput screening (HTS), virtual screening, de novo design and structure-based drug design contribute greatly to drug discovery. Peptides are emerging as a novel class of drugs for cancer therapy, and many efforts have been made to develop peptide-based pharmacologically active compounds. This paper presents a review of current advances and novel approaches in experimental and computational drug discovery and design. We also present a novel bioactive peptide analogue, designed using the Resonant Recognition Model (RRM), and discuss its potential use for cancer therapeutics.
Proceedings of the 2004 Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks and Information Processing Conference, 2004., 2004
This paper reports a research conducted to determine the changes in the electrical activity of th... more This paper reports a research conducted to determine the changes in the electrical activity of the contralateral motor cortex of the brain that drives the maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) of right Adductor Pollicis muscle (APM) after fatigue. For this aim, the power changes of EEG signals after muscle fatigue were computed. EEG signals from the left motor cortical area (C3, FC3) in twenty-five subjects, simultaneously with the EMG from right Adductor Pollicis muscle (APM), before and after exercise-induced fatigue were recorded. The Root Mean Square (RMS) of the EEG bands (alpha, beta, and gamma) was calculated to determine the power changes of the EEG signals after right APM fatigue. The mean RMS of EEG bands were increased during MVC of fatigued right APM compared to the RMS value during relaxation before fatigue (p<0.05). The RMS value was seen to be greatest in the beta band, and lowest in the gamma band. The observed increase in the RMS of EEG bands during MVC of fatigued right APM suggest an increase in the EEG signals power, which could reflect an increase in energy needed by the motor cortex to perform MVC in fatigued muscle, which might give an indication of neural fatigue in the motor cortex.
Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 2010
consideration based on signal processing and statistical -sheet structures β Hybrid approach to a... more consideration based on signal processing and statistical -sheet structures β Hybrid approach to analysis of
Conference proceedings : ... Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual Conference, 2006
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether sinusoidally modulated visual stimuli at ext... more The purpose of this study was to investigate whether sinusoidally modulated visual stimuli at extremely low frequencies (ELF) of 50, 16.66, 13, 10, 8.33 and 4Hz could influence the changes in EEG activity in 33 human subjects. An improved design of visual stimulator system has addressed an issue of electrical interference from electrical signals driven by LED arrays onto simultaneously recorded EEG. A comparison between 1 and 3-Way ANOVA was performed in order to evaluate whether visual stimuli at ELFs could influence the EEG in humans to compliment the currently active medical research in seasonal affective disorder (SAD) and photic driving. The results revealed that under evaluation of 1 and 3-Way repeated-measures ANOVA tests, the Theta, Alpha2 and Gamma EEG bands exhibited a common significant difference between ELF visual stimuli.
Conference proceedings : ... Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual Conference, 2008
A new Back Strain Monitor (BSM) device has been developed in order to measure, record and analyze... more A new Back Strain Monitor (BSM) device has been developed in order to measure, record and analyze movements of the lower back. The purpose of this study was to examine the inter-tester and the intra-tester reliability of the movement measurements given by the BSM accelerometers, and compare it with the reliability of two other conventional measurement methods: the Double Inclinometer method (DI) and the Modified-Modified Schober (MMS) method. The clinical studies included 23 participants (16 males, 7 females) with no recent history of lower back pain, who wore the device during a combination of different anatomical movements (flexion, extension, left lateral flexion and right lateral flexion of the lumber spine). The tests were conducted by three therapists (testers). The reliability results for the BSM accelerometers clearly outperform the results obtained for the DI and the MMS methods. The inter-tester reliability gives the Intra-Class Correlation (ICC) value of 0.95 for the BSM ...
Conference proceedings : ... Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual Conference, 2008
Enzymes are essential for the catalysis of biochemical reactions and in the regulation of metabol... more Enzymes are essential for the catalysis of biochemical reactions and in the regulation of metabolic pathways. They function by greatly accelerating the rate of specific chemical reactions that would otherwise be slow. It has been shown that extremely low-power microwaves can influence enzyme activity [1-5]. This study is focused at investigating the effects of low level microwave exposures ranging from 500MHz to 900MHz on L-Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) enzyme activity. The results obtained revealed the increased bioactivity of the LDH upon microwave radiation at two particular frequencies 500MHz and 900MHz.
Conference proceedings : ... Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual Conference, 2008
Mobile phone handsets such as those operating in the GSM network emit extremely low frequency ele... more Mobile phone handsets such as those operating in the GSM network emit extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields ranging from DC to at least 40 kHz. As a subpart of an extended protocol, the influence of these fields on the human resting EEG has been investigated in a fully counter balanced, double blind, cross-over design study that recruited 72 healthy volunteers. A decrease in the alpha frequency band was observed during the 20 minutes of ELF exposure in the exposed hemisphere only. This result suggests that ELF fields as emitted from GSM handsets during the DTX mode may have an effect on the resting alpha band of the human EEG.
Conference proceedings : ... Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual Conference, 2007
This study investigated whether the visual stimulation at extremely low frequency (ELF) could pos... more This study investigated whether the visual stimulation at extremely low frequency (ELF) could possibly induce changes in the electroencephalographic (EEG) responses. The functional connectedness was examined between the brain regions when the Minimum Variance Distortion-less Response (MVDR) coherence algorithm together with Wilcoxon signed-ranks test statistical method was applied. The results showed that functional significance of EEG alpha rhythms at parietal, and occipital cortex, respond to oscillatory 13 Hz and 16.66 Hz light stimulation, respectively.
2006 3rd IEEE/EMBS International Summer School on Medical Devices and Biosensors, 2006
In this paper, we propose a generic smart telemonitoring platform in which the computation power ... more In this paper, we propose a generic smart telemonitoring platform in which the computation power of the mobile phone is highly utilized. In this approach, compression of ECG is done in real-time by the mobile phone for the very first time. The fast and effective compression scheme, designed for the proposed telemonitoring system, outperforms most of the real-time lossless ECG compression algorithms. This mobile phone based computation platform is a promising solution for privacy issues in telemonitoring through encryptions. Moreover, the mobile phones used in this platform performs preliminary detection of abnormal biosignal in realtime. Apart from the usage of mobile phones, this platform supports background biosignal abnormality surveillances using data mining agent.
2006 International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2006
Previously, electrocardiogram (ECG) signals have been analyzed in either a time-indexed or spectr... more Previously, electrocardiogram (ECG) signals have been analyzed in either a time-indexed or spectral form. The reality, is that the ECG and all other biological signals belong to the family of multicomponent nonstationary signals. Due to this reason, the use of time-frequency analysis can be unavoidable for these signals. The Husimi and Wigner distributions are normally used in quantum mechanics for phase space representations of the wavefunction. In this paper, we introduce the Husimi distribution (HD) to analyze the normal and abnormal ECG signals in time-frequency domain. The abnormal cardiac signal was taken from a patient with supraventricular arrhythmia. Simulation results show that the HD has a good performance in the analysis of the ECG signals comparing with the Wigner-Ville distribution (WVD).
ICNIRP(1998) and IEEE C95.1-2005 limits for human exposure to radio-frequency fields are derived ... more ICNIRP(1998) and IEEE C95.1-2005 limits for human exposure to radio-frequency fields are derived based on the condition of maximal coupling of the field to the body. In this study, at 900 MHz, the whole body average specific absorption rate (SARWB) for an adult&#x27;s and a ...
[摘要]: 正 The mass sensitivity of a layered surface acoustic wave (SAW) device, ZnO/36 LiTaO_3, has... more [摘要]: 正 The mass sensitivity of a layered surface acoustic wave (SAW) device, ZnO/36 LiTaO_3, has been studied. Gold layers of different thicknesses were deposited to form the protein-sensitive layer, in order to compare the responses to biological materials and to find the optimum thickness of the gold thin
TENCON 2005 - 2005 IEEE Region 10 Conference, 2005
Abstract A novel electrically conductive photoresist has been formulated to fabricate microcompon... more Abstract A novel electrically conductive photoresist has been formulated to fabricate microcomponents. The developed conductive photoresist is based upon SU-8 photopolymer, an insulating negative-tone epoxy, in which protonically doped polyaniline (PANI) nanoparticles have been dispersed to enhance the electrical properties. The characteristics of this new conductive photoresist have been studied via electrical measurements. The process for preparing the conductive films from the combination of EB ...
International Journal of Applied Electromagnetics and Mechanics
The aim of this investigation was to develop a specific modelling approach capable of reducing th... more The aim of this investigation was to develop a specific modelling approach capable of reducing the size of the fuel injector solenoid device while improving its response time and attraction force. Several developed modelling and simulation procedures have focused on various aspects of solenoid component modifications in order to develop an evolution process of miniaturising a fuel injector solenoid, using the latest finite element method (FEM) tool software. The specific factors that influenced the optimum operation of the fuel injector solenoid were the geometrical shape of individual solenoid components, material properties, air-gap constraints, boundary conditions, current source conditions, mass constants, and damping coefficients of the plunger. The attraction force distribution in the main air-gap was directly influenced by the taper angle of the 2D and 3D plunger pole faces, plunger length and the permanent magnetism. The precise definition of the electro-mechanical motion of plunger was of enormous importance in reducing the fuel injector solenoid response time, closely related to stroke and mass of the plunger, spring characteristics, motion and rebound of the plunger. Using the developed approach, the initial size of the fuel injector has been reduced by 35%, the attraction force increased by 26% and the response time reduced by 76%. However, by frequently repeating the design trials and conducting a thorough experimental investigation, the final minimum response time was achieved by the virtual rebound delay model. The reduction in response time from the 'optimal' experimental to virtual model was by 35%. The simplicity and effectiveness of the developed methods, allowed for quick and accurate evaluation.
In this study, Fast Fourier transform (FFT) and autoregressive (AR) methods were selected for pro... more In this study, Fast Fourier transform (FFT) and autoregressive (AR) methods were selected for processing the photoplethysmogram (PPG), electrocardiogram (ECG), electroencephalogram (EEG) signals recorded in order to examine the effects of pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) at extremely low frequency (ELF) upon the human electrophysiological signal behavior. The parameters in the autoregressive (AR) method were found by using the least squares method. The power spectra of the PPG, ECG, and EEG signals were obtained by using these spectral analysis techniques. These power spectra were then used to compare the applied methods in terms of their frequency resolution and the effects in extraction of the features representing the PPG, ECG, and EEG signals. Some conclusions were drawn concerning the efficiency of the FFT and least squares AR methods as feature extraction methods used for representing the signals under study.
Drug discovery and development are intense, lengthy and interdisciplinary processes. Traditionall... more Drug discovery and development are intense, lengthy and interdisciplinary processes. Traditionally, drugs were discovered by synthesizing compounds in time-consuming multi-step experimental investigations followed by in vitro and in vivo biological screening. Promising candidates were then further studied for their pharmacokinetic properties, metabolism and potential toxicity. Today, the process of drug discovery has been revolutionized due to the advances in genomics, proteomics, and bioinformatics. Efficient technologies such as combinatorial chemistry, high throughput screening (HTS), virtual screening, de novo design and structure-based drug design contribute greatly to drug discovery. Peptides are emerging as a novel class of drugs for cancer therapy, and many efforts have been made to develop peptide-based pharmacologically active compounds. This paper presents a review of current advances and novel approaches in experimental and computational drug discovery and design. We also present a novel bioactive peptide analogue, designed using the Resonant Recognition Model (RRM), and discuss its potential use for cancer therapeutics.
Proceedings of the 2004 Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks and Information Processing Conference, 2004., 2004
This paper reports a research conducted to determine the changes in the electrical activity of th... more This paper reports a research conducted to determine the changes in the electrical activity of the contralateral motor cortex of the brain that drives the maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) of right Adductor Pollicis muscle (APM) after fatigue. For this aim, the power changes of EEG signals after muscle fatigue were computed. EEG signals from the left motor cortical area (C3, FC3) in twenty-five subjects, simultaneously with the EMG from right Adductor Pollicis muscle (APM), before and after exercise-induced fatigue were recorded. The Root Mean Square (RMS) of the EEG bands (alpha, beta, and gamma) was calculated to determine the power changes of the EEG signals after right APM fatigue. The mean RMS of EEG bands were increased during MVC of fatigued right APM compared to the RMS value during relaxation before fatigue (p<0.05). The RMS value was seen to be greatest in the beta band, and lowest in the gamma band. The observed increase in the RMS of EEG bands during MVC of fatigued right APM suggest an increase in the EEG signals power, which could reflect an increase in energy needed by the motor cortex to perform MVC in fatigued muscle, which might give an indication of neural fatigue in the motor cortex.
Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 2010
consideration based on signal processing and statistical -sheet structures β Hybrid approach to a... more consideration based on signal processing and statistical -sheet structures β Hybrid approach to analysis of
Conference proceedings : ... Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual Conference, 2006
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether sinusoidally modulated visual stimuli at ext... more The purpose of this study was to investigate whether sinusoidally modulated visual stimuli at extremely low frequencies (ELF) of 50, 16.66, 13, 10, 8.33 and 4Hz could influence the changes in EEG activity in 33 human subjects. An improved design of visual stimulator system has addressed an issue of electrical interference from electrical signals driven by LED arrays onto simultaneously recorded EEG. A comparison between 1 and 3-Way ANOVA was performed in order to evaluate whether visual stimuli at ELFs could influence the EEG in humans to compliment the currently active medical research in seasonal affective disorder (SAD) and photic driving. The results revealed that under evaluation of 1 and 3-Way repeated-measures ANOVA tests, the Theta, Alpha2 and Gamma EEG bands exhibited a common significant difference between ELF visual stimuli.
Conference proceedings : ... Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual Conference, 2008
A new Back Strain Monitor (BSM) device has been developed in order to measure, record and analyze... more A new Back Strain Monitor (BSM) device has been developed in order to measure, record and analyze movements of the lower back. The purpose of this study was to examine the inter-tester and the intra-tester reliability of the movement measurements given by the BSM accelerometers, and compare it with the reliability of two other conventional measurement methods: the Double Inclinometer method (DI) and the Modified-Modified Schober (MMS) method. The clinical studies included 23 participants (16 males, 7 females) with no recent history of lower back pain, who wore the device during a combination of different anatomical movements (flexion, extension, left lateral flexion and right lateral flexion of the lumber spine). The tests were conducted by three therapists (testers). The reliability results for the BSM accelerometers clearly outperform the results obtained for the DI and the MMS methods. The inter-tester reliability gives the Intra-Class Correlation (ICC) value of 0.95 for the BSM ...
Conference proceedings : ... Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual Conference, 2008
Enzymes are essential for the catalysis of biochemical reactions and in the regulation of metabol... more Enzymes are essential for the catalysis of biochemical reactions and in the regulation of metabolic pathways. They function by greatly accelerating the rate of specific chemical reactions that would otherwise be slow. It has been shown that extremely low-power microwaves can influence enzyme activity [1-5]. This study is focused at investigating the effects of low level microwave exposures ranging from 500MHz to 900MHz on L-Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) enzyme activity. The results obtained revealed the increased bioactivity of the LDH upon microwave radiation at two particular frequencies 500MHz and 900MHz.
Conference proceedings : ... Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual Conference, 2008
Mobile phone handsets such as those operating in the GSM network emit extremely low frequency ele... more Mobile phone handsets such as those operating in the GSM network emit extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields ranging from DC to at least 40 kHz. As a subpart of an extended protocol, the influence of these fields on the human resting EEG has been investigated in a fully counter balanced, double blind, cross-over design study that recruited 72 healthy volunteers. A decrease in the alpha frequency band was observed during the 20 minutes of ELF exposure in the exposed hemisphere only. This result suggests that ELF fields as emitted from GSM handsets during the DTX mode may have an effect on the resting alpha band of the human EEG.
Conference proceedings : ... Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual Conference, 2007
This study investigated whether the visual stimulation at extremely low frequency (ELF) could pos... more This study investigated whether the visual stimulation at extremely low frequency (ELF) could possibly induce changes in the electroencephalographic (EEG) responses. The functional connectedness was examined between the brain regions when the Minimum Variance Distortion-less Response (MVDR) coherence algorithm together with Wilcoxon signed-ranks test statistical method was applied. The results showed that functional significance of EEG alpha rhythms at parietal, and occipital cortex, respond to oscillatory 13 Hz and 16.66 Hz light stimulation, respectively.
2006 3rd IEEE/EMBS International Summer School on Medical Devices and Biosensors, 2006
In this paper, we propose a generic smart telemonitoring platform in which the computation power ... more In this paper, we propose a generic smart telemonitoring platform in which the computation power of the mobile phone is highly utilized. In this approach, compression of ECG is done in real-time by the mobile phone for the very first time. The fast and effective compression scheme, designed for the proposed telemonitoring system, outperforms most of the real-time lossless ECG compression algorithms. This mobile phone based computation platform is a promising solution for privacy issues in telemonitoring through encryptions. Moreover, the mobile phones used in this platform performs preliminary detection of abnormal biosignal in realtime. Apart from the usage of mobile phones, this platform supports background biosignal abnormality surveillances using data mining agent.
2006 International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2006
Previously, electrocardiogram (ECG) signals have been analyzed in either a time-indexed or spectr... more Previously, electrocardiogram (ECG) signals have been analyzed in either a time-indexed or spectral form. The reality, is that the ECG and all other biological signals belong to the family of multicomponent nonstationary signals. Due to this reason, the use of time-frequency analysis can be unavoidable for these signals. The Husimi and Wigner distributions are normally used in quantum mechanics for phase space representations of the wavefunction. In this paper, we introduce the Husimi distribution (HD) to analyze the normal and abnormal ECG signals in time-frequency domain. The abnormal cardiac signal was taken from a patient with supraventricular arrhythmia. Simulation results show that the HD has a good performance in the analysis of the ECG signals comparing with the Wigner-Ville distribution (WVD).
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