Papers by Muyanja Ssenyonga
This paper examines the impact of oil palm expansion on the food security status at the provincia... more This paper examines the impact of oil palm expansion on the food security status at the provincial level in Indonesia. The research utilized data from a food security vulnerability map that categorizes districts and provinces in Indonesia based on their vulnerability to food security using standard indicators across the four dimensions of food security. Additionally, the study considered the extent of oil palm cultivation at the provincial level, along with other control variables. The analysis results revealed a strong and negative influence of oil palm expansion on food security status. Furthermore, it was found that food expenditure has an unequivocally negative impact on food security status. However, food security status was identified as a significant predictor for a province to be classified as an oil palm grower. This suggests that provinces cultivating palm oil have a higher likelihood of achieving food security compared to those that do not engage in the cultivation of thi...
Bank BCA as the largest transactions payments bank in Indonesia has a lot of competitive edge com... more Bank BCA as the largest transactions payments bank in Indonesia has a lot of competitive edge compared with domestic rivals. It is the leading bank in adoption of latest technology in areas that range from traditional banking services, mobile banking and internet banking services, transactions payments, to bank security. And thanks to its corporate governance structures and risk management capabilities the bank that ranks as the second largest bank by assets in the US $800 Billion Indonesian economy, rarely suffers from financial fraud. Nonetheless, with the coming into force ASEAN economic community and the ASEAN financial services market in 2020, the key factors that have sustained the bank’s competitive advantage may not hold any longer as competitors from Thailand, Singapore, Malaysia, and other ASEAN members will also be allowed to establish their services in the country. The challenge the bank faces then include the need to reorient its competitive strategy from one that is do...
The article uses the contents and perspectives embodied in the final communique of Asia- Africa B... more The article uses the contents and perspectives embodied in the final communique of Asia- Africa Bandung conference to evaluate the achievements made judged by circumstances and conditions at the time and today in 2015. The score card shows indisputable evidence of a well-informed, comprehensive ability of delegates to identify key dynamics and developments at the time both for nations represented as well as those people still under colonization, as well as propose pathways for improvements. Issues identified as key included: endeavors to promote and encourage economic and social development through trade and investment; financial resources mobilization through domestic, regional and international channels, including the World Bank and International Financial Corporation; information, knowledge, and educational exchange among members, among others. International relations was an issue that delegates considered crucial for the developing world to carve out its role in the world commun...
Anti-corruption chorus has ratcheted up, as the seriously affected, good governance advocates, an... more Anti-corruption chorus has ratcheted up, as the seriously affected, good governance advocates, and anti waste advocates. Articles featured in this book attempt to highlight and discuss root causes, transmission media, effects of corruption and proven actionable counter corruption measures. The cruaimportance of culture and its manifestations in curbing corruption scourge is exhaustively explored by identifying aspects with conducive as well as ‘counteracting’ effects on corruption in case of Indonesia. Culture is posited as the last bastion in the anti-corruption drive. Two articles in the volume highlight the generic causes, manifestations, and effects of corruption on developing countries in general and business sector in particular, while another explores the poverty-corruption nexus and establishes a positive simultaneous link between poverty and corruption. The need for long-term, varied, multidimensional,and participatory, rather than piecemeal,sporadic,ad hoc,sectoral anti-co...
The Italian banking sector, except for some few albeit systemically important institutions, to a ... more The Italian banking sector, except for some few albeit systemically important institutions, to a large extent rode the tide of the global financial crisis (2007-2008) relatively unscathed. The feat owed as much to resilient banks with adequate capital and liquidity, capacity to augment capital without BI support, that is part is attributable to the existence strong regulatory regime that covered most aspects of bank operations, including management and auditing board appointment, investment, transactions with connected parties, governance at both solo and group level, a comprehensive offsite and onsite supervisory regime, and the existence of a strong if not generous deposit insurance system, complemented by the existence and enforcement of a strong multi-stakeholder macroprudential regime that fostered financial stability. Nonetheless, as the financial crisis intensified and begun to roil not on domestic and European financial markets as contagion spread the United States, support ...
SSRN Electronic Journal
The paper examines the performance of successive post Suharto Indonesian governments on poverty r... more The paper examines the performance of successive post Suharto Indonesian governments on poverty reduction and income inequality mitigation. The paper uses qualitative, desk research methodology. Findings indicate that Suharto’s regime bequeathed to reformation era governments laudable achievements with respect to poverty reduction and income inequality performance. Nonetheless, the fundamental change in the political system from the benevolent, authoritarian and monolithically power-centered style to a decentralized, multi polar power centered democracy, has created an unstable and uncertain social, economic, and political environment, which has in part has reduced the pace of poverty reduction and income inequality mitigation. The country has had to undergo a new learning curve in building nascent democratic institutions, which efforts were thwarted, suppressed even banned during the entirety of 32 year Suharto’s regime. Thus, it is not surpassing that the advent of reformation era on the Indonesian political landscape, amid worsening global and domestic economic conditions initially led to a decline in poverty reduction and with time, an increase in income inequality. Improvements in public participation, representation, vibrant civil society, decentralized administration of key service delivery to districts and provinces, contributed to an increase in responsiveness and accountability of public officials to citizenry. That said, post Suharto regimes have been characterized by slow economic growth (which in part is attributable to external factors, hence beyond their control), putting interests of political parties ahead of public interests, and successive governments that have been based alliances of convenience. Rising public participation has not been translated into better (quality) representation, with political parties determining the form, composition, and direction of public policy often with little cognizance of problems that society faces. Consequently, government effectiveness, has tended to decline, as is regulatory quality, rule of law, and control of corruption. Even more disconcerting is the drop in the performance of five of the six good governance indicators in 2015. Protracted period of anemic economic growth, compounded by frequent change of governments , which in Indonesia’s context has largely signaled a dramatic shift in policy priorities; compounded by frequently changing in focus and orientation of policy priorities in education and human resource development, low financial inclusion, disparity in economic and social development between Western and Eastern Indonesia, limited fiscal space, and inability to create sufficient incentives for private investors to provide needed funding for much needed infrastructure revitalization, expansion and development, are some of the major challenges Indonesia still faces, and will continue to face, if it’s serious in its efforts to reduce poverty incidence and mitigate income inequality in future. The increase in income inequality in general and in urban areas in particular, which Indonesia has experienced over the recent past, may in part be attributable to increasing inelasticity of poverty reduction and income distribution to economic growth, albeit falling poverty incidence in general.<br><br>Nonetheless, what cannot be overstated, is the influence that the nature, form, composition and level of advancement of institutions a country has in place on quality of economic growth policies in general, and extent to which such policies reflect and impact, on poverty incidence and income inequality, in particular. The relatively minimal impact on poverty reduction and income inequality by post Suharto governments may perhaps be the price Indonesians have to pay in the short and medium term, for supporting an evolving institutional environment that that will bear munificent fruits in the long term. Some of the policies recommended to reduce poverty incidence and income inequality at individual, social economic status, and regional level, include but not limited to tackling root causes of the persisting income divide through strengthening the effectiveness of pro poor development policies; reduce transaction cost of delivering goods and services by reducing tiers of middlemen that link producers of goods and services to consumption; implement programs that protect micro, small and medium size enterprises from unfair competition from large retailers and imported goods; promote organizing capacity of micro, small and medium sized players to reap benefits of economies of scale, financing efficiencies, low transaction cost, and high bargaining power; strengthen knowledge and information capacity of SMEs about prevailing prices, modern agronomy, firm management practices by linking them to relevant institutions that produce and have access to such knowledge and information (institutions of advanced education, research centers, private companies both local…
Agro Ekonomi
The article investigates the effect bank credit extended to the forestry sub-sector to the sub se... more The article investigates the effect bank credit extended to the forestry sub-sector to the sub sector's output, and wether banking deregulation and the economic crisis have any impact on such a relationship. research findings shows hat bank credit is found to have positive influence on forestry output. bank credit to the forestry sub-sector, paradoxically continues to rise in the wake of the economic crisis,before it plumments. there is also evidence of an augmenting effect of banking deregulation on forestry output, proof that deregulation indeed works. the economic crisis however, is found to have led to a tumultuos decline in output as expected. policy implications were drawn basing on research findings.
Populasi
Artikel ini mencoba melihat hubungan antara korupsi, utang, dan kemiskinan berdasarkan data subre... more Artikel ini mencoba melihat hubungan antara korupsi, utang, dan kemiskinan berdasarkan data subregional dan global. Dengan menggunakan analisis korelasi, ditemukan adanya korelasi negatif yang signifikan dan kuat antara korupsi dan prevalensi kemiskinan. Tingkat korupsi suatu negara, seperti yang dinyatakan dalam Corruption Perception Index (CPI), berkaitan dengan kesejahteraan sosial negara ituyang diwakili oleh Human Development Index. Negara berkembang yang miskin cenderung lebih tinggi tingkat korupsinya dibandingkan dengan negara industri yang kaya. Berdasarkan data Asia Pasifik, jelas tampak hubungan yang negatif antara kemiskinan dengan korupsi. Korelasi yang negatif ini juga tampak dalam hubungan antara korupsi dengan pertumbuhan ekonomi. Tingkat utang luar negeri suatu negara menunjukkan hubungan yang positif dengan tingkat kemiskinan, sedangkan tingkat utang berkorelasi negatif dengan korupsi. Namun, investasi langsungpihak asing akan mengurangi kemiskinan karena kedua var...
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2000
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2000
ABSTRACT The article reviews developments in industrial relations in Republic of Korea (Korea) an... more ABSTRACT The article reviews developments in industrial relations in Republic of Korea (Korea) and Indonesia as democratic principles have gained ground over authoritarian directives. Some of the features of the industrial relations regime during democratization ‘epoch’, include the embarking on efforts at overhauling legal framework, which underpin industrial relations from a more restrictive even suppressive one to regimes that emphasize respect for observation of human rights, including workers’ rights; strengthening of the bargaining clout of unionized labor especially in Korea where labor movement is better organized, though divided , still militant in its demands compared to those in Indonesia, which have been bedeviled by fractionalization, paucity of labor management education, finances, and implementing regulations that undermine the spirit of labor laws. Doubtless, labor strength has translated into an increase in wages, improvement in the observation of workers’ rights, and inevitably higher labor cost, especially for labor intensive industries. However, considering the increasingly stiff competitive in factor and product markets, employers have seized opportunities, which the change in legal framework on industrial relations implemented by Korean and Indonesian governments from fixed to flexible working conditions regime, both functional and numerical terms, have responded by adopting functional and numerical flexible working conditions. The implication is that employers have the ability to link the number of workers employed to the demand for them derived from the demand for output they help to produce, parting ways with the fixed working conditions; lower labor cost by cutting numbers and adopting lean organizational structures; and relocate production plants to locations where labor costs are relatively lower , both domestic and foreign. Thus, the foregoing attests to a condition where neither labor not employers and management can all their ways, leaving industrial relations in a state of flux.
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2000
ABSTRACT The article analyzes the influence capital inflow, financial development, economic liber... more ABSTRACT The article analyzes the influence capital inflow, financial development, economic liberalization, and democratization on social capital development. Findings show that the impact of FDI on social capital growth differs from that emanating from portfolio investment, returning negative and positive coefficients. However, there is little doubt that financial development has strong and positive influence of social capital. Indicators of economic development, positively influence social capital, while poverty and freedom from corruption variable posit negative influence on social capital. Social capital needs the presence of other forms of capital (physical, financial) to develop, which is why level of domestic credit, and portfolio investment, have positive influence on it. Since the development context also plays an important role in influencing the importance of social capital, indicators of development HDI, gross domestic capital formation, by creating a socioeconomic environment that favors the conduct of economic and social activities, fosters the growth and development of social capital. On the contrary, indicators of deprivation and depravation (poverty) by impacting negatively on indicators of economic growth and development, adversely affect the growth and development of social capital.
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2000
ABSTRACT The paper examines the extent to which the membership of Indonesia and South Africa in G... more ABSTRACT The paper examines the extent to which the membership of Indonesia and South Africa in G 20 can be leveraged to the benefit of not only the two countries but also Asia and African population as a whole. The paper explores the process that has led to the emergence of what some today call the New World Economic order, placing it squarely on the impact of the 2008-2009 global financial crisis and policy response regarded as vital by nations that were hit hard, which include promoting strong , sustainable and balanced growth in emerging, developing and developed nations alike. Initiatives Indonesia and South Africa can take to enhance the benefits Asians and Africans can derive from G 20 stature as the new global economy architect, manager , and protector, are laid out in various policy initiatives the author puts forward ranging from climate change and Green economy advocacy, democracy and good governance, dispute resolution, serving as voice of the South in restructuring the international Financial system, to strengthening regional integration as a stepping stone to Global Integration. However, such a process is by no means plain sailing, given various challenges Indonesia and South Africa are likely to face in their attempts to utilize G 20 in pushing for the interests of Asia and Africa.
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2000
ABSTRACT Non state actors have played important role in facilitating and fostering democratizatio... more ABSTRACT Non state actors have played important role in facilitating and fostering democratization process in Indonesia. They have served as partners with the government in charting development, provide key basic services jointly and independently with the state, contributed to increasing public awareness of legal, political and economic rights, and in strengthening community development capacity. However, with the diminishing role of the state that in part is attributable to adoption of economic austerity policies, non-state actors have also, either knowingly or unwittingly or both, become conduits and agents of foreign influence in the archipelago economy and politics, at the central and sub national level. Problems that still loom large range from heavy reliance of foreign funding, lack of domestically grounded mechanisms, best practices, and benchmarks they use in conducting of activities, fragmentation, shortage of organizational leadership and management skills. It is a challenge and opportunity which civil society had to take if it is to remain relevant as an important element in the Indonesia democracy equation now and in future.
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2000
ABSTRACT The article ventures into the women-poverty nexus , underscoring the importance of givin... more ABSTRACT The article ventures into the women-poverty nexus , underscoring the importance of giving women earning power as a means to cut the vicious cycle of poverty that destines them to the status of perpetual subordination living on the periphery of the society. Facilitating and supporting micro and small scale enterprises run by women is suggested as an important means of giving women that earning power. However, to be effective, such enterprises should deal in farm and off farm activities in sectors such as agriculture, trade, energy saving and ecologically safe activities, with the strongest potential multiplier effect on regional economies and with the likelihood of benefiting from funding for REDD activities by global environment facility, under Kyoto Climate change mitigation, adaptation and technology transfer arrangements. It s argued further that empowering women, must be done within the framework of rural development strategy within locally acceptable, and therefore understood institutions, with modifications where necessary, involving not only women but their male counterparts, who have vital influence on community resources, customs, and leadership. That way, poverty alleviation measures will have a high likelihood to succeed, where many have registered outright failures
SSRN Electronic Journal, 2000
ABSTRACT The article analyzes the impact of the establishment of the Indonesia deposit insurance ... more ABSTRACT The article analyzes the impact of the establishment of the Indonesia deposit insurance corporation on bank intermediation in Indonesia. Results from technical analysis and econometric methods show that enormity of the tasks of isolating the effect of IDIC establishment on banking intermediation from the influence of other factors (high interest rate, relatively volatile exchange rate during the post IDIC period, among others). Nonetheless, in the very short term, though there is no significant difference in total bank deposits before and after IDIC establishment, the composition in growth shows a different picture. State owned banks mobilize the highest level of savings followed by private national banks, regional development banks, and foreign and joint venture banks, and there is significant difference in asset-weighted credit prior to and after the IDIC establishment, the same applies to the case of credit channeled by private national banks, and foreign and joint venture banks, and regional development banks. To a certain extent such behavior manifests what some authors have termed the indiscipline of large savers wanting to shift risks, an effect that is corroborated by a lower decrease in savings deposits placed in state owned banks compared to what occurs in national private, regional development and foreign and joint venture banks. By the same token, savings deposits placed in state owned and foreign and joint venture banks (have not been dogged by bank closures), experiencing a shallower dip compared with a steep decline in savings placed in national private national banks after IDIC establishment This behavior also points to risk aversion in savers’ behavior. The shift to savings deposits from time deposits and demand deposits, and reducing the amount per account to the maximum covered by the IDIC in the immediacy of IDIC establishment, reflect savers’ desire to redefine their risk profiles by emphasizing safety over return as the new banking regime gets established. Such a hypothesis is backed by the fact that asset weighted savings in state owned banks remained higher than in national private banks, and regional development banks, but higher in foreign and joint venture banks after IDIC establishment. Moreover, the growth in banks assets in state owned banks and regional development banks after IDIC establishment was higher than in private national and foreign and joint venture banks, signaling that state owned and regional development banks are lending more, hence more trusted as sources of funds by economic agents than private national and foreign and joint venture banks. If that holds through the long run, then there no denying the fact that IDIC establishment has to some extent altered, in some way, the behavior of savers, investors, and lenders from being passive onlookers to becoming active monitors of what goes on in the banking industry. This is because the establishment of IDIC has increased the cost for the banking institution and the individual of not doing so. Moreover, though IDIC establishment hasn’t altered fundamentally the determinants of sources of funds for commercial banks and uses to which such funds are put, has increased the sources of potential risk for banks and savers alike indicated by higher fluctuation in some credit disbursements especially to risky sectors (SMEs and agriculture), and rising levels of bank Indonesia certificates. However, analysis results show that in the long run, IDIC establishment hasn’t changed fundamentally the savings and borrowing functions in Indonesian banking system; no significant shift in savers’ behavior involving the transfer of their money from relatively longer time horizon (time deposits) to savings deposit accounts in both state and private national banks, an effect that tapers off returning savings habits to pre IDIC patterns; and in general regional and state owned banks, do not seem to gain more ground in attracting savings and source of loans, than national, private, and foreign and joint venture banks, rather the increasing dominance of national private banking institutions in bank intermediation.
Uploads
Papers by Muyanja Ssenyonga