The aim of the current research is to measure the export competitiveness in the mineral sector of... more The aim of the current research is to measure the export competitiveness in the mineral sector of Pakistan in the world market. This study collected the data from International Trade Center (ITC) and employed Constant Market Share Analysis (CMSA) to quantify the competitiveness of mineral exports during 2010-2021. The CMSA depicts the growth of any country's exports in terms of their competitiveness, market, and product structure. In addition, the change in total exports decomposes at both first and second level decomposition. This study finds out that average structural effect (SE), total effect (TE), competitive effect (CE), commodity effect (COME), and specific competitive effect (SCE)are positive from 2010-2021, while average residual effect (RE), market effect (ME), interaction effect (IE), general competitive effect (GCE) are negative. The current imperative is to explore and harvest natural assets utilizing cutting-edge technology and skill. Pakistan should concentrate on...
This study evaluates the global competitiveness of Pakistan's fruit exports for the period 20... more This study evaluates the global competitiveness of Pakistan's fruit exports for the period 2003-2019. The comparative advantage and competitiveness of fruit exports of Pakistan are examined by employing revealed comparative advantage (RCA), revealed symmetric comparative advantage' (RSCA), relative import advantage (RMA), relative trade advantage (RTA), Trade Balance Index (TBI) and Revealed Competitiveness Index (RC). The empirical findings illustrate that Pakistan had a comparative and competitive advantage in fruit exports during the period under consideration. The global competitiveness of Pakistan in the fruit exports indicates that there exists much potential for the growth of the horticultural sector. With government patronage and proper facilities, the fruit products can be a source of valuable foreign exchange earnings for the Pakistan economy.
This study analyzes the determinants of unemployment in Pakistan over a period of 1976-2012 by ex... more This study analyzes the determinants of unemployment in Pakistan over a period of 1976-2012 by examining the empirical relationship among the unemployment, population, foreign direct investment, gross domestic product, inflation, and external debt. It is hypothesized that these factors exert a strong impact on unemployment rate in the economy of Pakistan. Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach has been applied to test determinants of unemployment. Empirical results reveal that gross domestic product, population, inflation, and foreign direct investment are significant determinants of unemployment in Pakistan in short-run as well as long-run. The CUSUM and CUSUMSQ are showing that the model is structurally stable within the 5% of critical bounds. The Phillips curve exists in Pakistan both in shortand long-run.
European Online Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 2018
Livestock sector is considered the second key sector of agriculture through its share of more tha... more Livestock sector is considered the second key sector of agriculture through its share of more than half to value added and 11.8% to GDP and main source of raw material for leather industry of the country. This local availability of raw materials and low wage cost gives the country a competitive edge in the world market. This study is an effort to examine Pakistan's competitiveness of leather and leather products with a set of Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) and Revealed Competitive Advantage index with respect to international trade. The study has utilized Balassa index, Vollrath index and Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage index for empirical analysis in Pakistan during the time span from 2003 to 2014. The findings of the study illustrate that Pakistan has a high degree of comparative advantage in this sector during period under analysis which indicates the potential of leather sector exports for foreign exchange earnings. The results of the study also show that the ...
This study aims at measuring the comparative advantage and competitiveness of the ASEAN-5 (Malays... more This study aims at measuring the comparative advantage and competitiveness of the ASEAN-5 (Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand) economies in the world market. The current study employed four indices of Revealed Comparative Advantage namely Revealed Comparative Advantage index (RCA), LnRCA, Vollrath index (RCA#) and Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage index (RSCA). The data for the analysis has been taken from International trade center UN-COMTRADE statistics for the exports of electrical machinery for these selected economies from 2003-2020. The findings of the analysis portray that Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand had a comparative and competitive advantage, while Indonesia had a comparative and competitive disadvantage in the electrical machinery in the global economy. This study will be helpful for the policy makers to boost human capital formation and to increase technology transfer and innovation to enhance the competitiveness and comparat...
The present study has measured the cereal export competitiveness of Pakistan in global economy by... more The present study has measured the cereal export competitiveness of Pakistan in global economy by utilizing different indices of Revealed comparative advantage (RCA): Balassa index (RCA), Vollrath index (RCA#), Revealed symmetric comparative advantage index (RSCA), Revealed import advantage index (RMA), Revealed trade advantage index (RTA) and Net export index (NEI). The data have been obtained from the International Trade Center UN-COMTRADE Statistics for cereal exports of Pakistan from 2003-2018. The findings of the analysis illustrate that Pakistan had a comparative and competitive advantage in the cereal sector. Further, the findings of the RTA index show that Pakistan’s cereal exports had also a net comparative advantage. Based on current findings, Pakistan needs to concentrate on production and exports of cereals. The brand name marketing of Pakistani rice with a special focus on better quality and improved market access can enhance the country’s share of the cereal sector in ...
The present study focuses on measuring the competitiveness, diversifications and export performan... more The present study focuses on measuring the competitiveness, diversifications and export performance of Pakistan`s selected leather and leather products in the global economy from 2003-2014. The study employs Constant Market Share Analysis to measure the competitiveness and suggests some policy measures that might be helpful to enhance the export volume which leads to a considerable increase in the foreign exchange that is indispensible for achieving desired economy. The findings of the study of the product group (4202) illustrate that average total effect, structural effect, specific competitive effect were positive, whereas average competitive effect, commodity effect, general competitive effect and market effect were negative from 2003-08. Furthermore, the results indicate that the average total effect, structural effect, commodity effect, competitive effect and specific competitive effect were positive, while market effect and general competitive effect were negative from 2009-14...
The international capital flows and the factors influencing them are imperative in this era of gl... more The international capital flows and the factors influencing them are imperative in this era of globalization and financial liberalization. This paper empirically examines the role of institutional quality in enticing foreign capital flows in emerging market economies (EMEs). A panel data set for the period 1995-2018 is used for the 24 major EMEs including Argentina, Bangladesh, Brazil, Chile, China, Czech Republic, Greece, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Mexico, Pakistan, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Qatar, Romania, Russia, South Africa, Thailand, Turkey, Ukraine, and Venezuela. The system GMM estimation technique of dynamic panel data handling developed by Arellano-Bover (1995) and Blundell-Bond (1998) is employed for the estimation. The empirical results reveal that the FDI inflows are positively and significantly affected by the institutional quality, but the portfolio equity capital inflows are not influenced by any indicator of institutional performance. In other words, the...
Cotton sector, one of the most important sectors of agriculture, plays a pivot role in the socio-... more Cotton sector, one of the most important sectors of agriculture, plays a pivot role in the socio-economic uplift of Pakistan as its contribution to agriculture value addition is 5.5 % and to GDP is 1 %. It along with low wage cost also ensures the massive availability of raw material for textile industry which enables Pakistan to attain competitiveness in the world market. The aim of present study is ,therefore, to measure the export competitiveness in cotton sector of Pakistan by utilizing a set of Revealed competitive advantage and Revealed comparative advantage (RCA) indices such as RCA, RCA#, Symmetric Comparative index (RSCA), Revealed Import Advantage index (RMA), Net export index (NEI)and Revealed Trade Advantage index (RTA) vis-a-vis world trade. The data was taken from International Trade Center (ITC) UN-COMTRADE Statistics for Pakistani cotton from 2003-17. The results of the study explored that Pakistan had a comparative and competitive advantage in cotton exports, whi...
The aim of the current research is to measure the export competitiveness in the mineral sector of... more The aim of the current research is to measure the export competitiveness in the mineral sector of Pakistan in the world market. This study collected the data from International Trade Center (ITC) and employed Constant Market Share Analysis (CMSA) to quantify the competitiveness of mineral exports during 2010-2021. The CMSA depicts the growth of any country's exports in terms of their competitiveness, market, and product structure. In addition, the change in total exports decomposes at both first and second level decomposition. This study finds out that average structural effect (SE), total effect (TE), competitive effect (CE), commodity effect (COME), and specific competitive effect (SCE)are positive from 2010-2021, while average residual effect (RE), market effect (ME), interaction effect (IE), general competitive effect (GCE) are negative. The current imperative is to explore and harvest natural assets utilizing cutting-edge technology and skill. Pakistan should concentrate on...
This study evaluates the global competitiveness of Pakistan's fruit exports for the period 20... more This study evaluates the global competitiveness of Pakistan's fruit exports for the period 2003-2019. The comparative advantage and competitiveness of fruit exports of Pakistan are examined by employing revealed comparative advantage (RCA), revealed symmetric comparative advantage' (RSCA), relative import advantage (RMA), relative trade advantage (RTA), Trade Balance Index (TBI) and Revealed Competitiveness Index (RC). The empirical findings illustrate that Pakistan had a comparative and competitive advantage in fruit exports during the period under consideration. The global competitiveness of Pakistan in the fruit exports indicates that there exists much potential for the growth of the horticultural sector. With government patronage and proper facilities, the fruit products can be a source of valuable foreign exchange earnings for the Pakistan economy.
This study analyzes the determinants of unemployment in Pakistan over a period of 1976-2012 by ex... more This study analyzes the determinants of unemployment in Pakistan over a period of 1976-2012 by examining the empirical relationship among the unemployment, population, foreign direct investment, gross domestic product, inflation, and external debt. It is hypothesized that these factors exert a strong impact on unemployment rate in the economy of Pakistan. Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach has been applied to test determinants of unemployment. Empirical results reveal that gross domestic product, population, inflation, and foreign direct investment are significant determinants of unemployment in Pakistan in short-run as well as long-run. The CUSUM and CUSUMSQ are showing that the model is structurally stable within the 5% of critical bounds. The Phillips curve exists in Pakistan both in shortand long-run.
European Online Journal of Natural and Social Sciences, 2018
Livestock sector is considered the second key sector of agriculture through its share of more tha... more Livestock sector is considered the second key sector of agriculture through its share of more than half to value added and 11.8% to GDP and main source of raw material for leather industry of the country. This local availability of raw materials and low wage cost gives the country a competitive edge in the world market. This study is an effort to examine Pakistan's competitiveness of leather and leather products with a set of Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) and Revealed Competitive Advantage index with respect to international trade. The study has utilized Balassa index, Vollrath index and Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage index for empirical analysis in Pakistan during the time span from 2003 to 2014. The findings of the study illustrate that Pakistan has a high degree of comparative advantage in this sector during period under analysis which indicates the potential of leather sector exports for foreign exchange earnings. The results of the study also show that the ...
This study aims at measuring the comparative advantage and competitiveness of the ASEAN-5 (Malays... more This study aims at measuring the comparative advantage and competitiveness of the ASEAN-5 (Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand) economies in the world market. The current study employed four indices of Revealed Comparative Advantage namely Revealed Comparative Advantage index (RCA), LnRCA, Vollrath index (RCA#) and Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage index (RSCA). The data for the analysis has been taken from International trade center UN-COMTRADE statistics for the exports of electrical machinery for these selected economies from 2003-2020. The findings of the analysis portray that Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand had a comparative and competitive advantage, while Indonesia had a comparative and competitive disadvantage in the electrical machinery in the global economy. This study will be helpful for the policy makers to boost human capital formation and to increase technology transfer and innovation to enhance the competitiveness and comparat...
The present study has measured the cereal export competitiveness of Pakistan in global economy by... more The present study has measured the cereal export competitiveness of Pakistan in global economy by utilizing different indices of Revealed comparative advantage (RCA): Balassa index (RCA), Vollrath index (RCA#), Revealed symmetric comparative advantage index (RSCA), Revealed import advantage index (RMA), Revealed trade advantage index (RTA) and Net export index (NEI). The data have been obtained from the International Trade Center UN-COMTRADE Statistics for cereal exports of Pakistan from 2003-2018. The findings of the analysis illustrate that Pakistan had a comparative and competitive advantage in the cereal sector. Further, the findings of the RTA index show that Pakistan’s cereal exports had also a net comparative advantage. Based on current findings, Pakistan needs to concentrate on production and exports of cereals. The brand name marketing of Pakistani rice with a special focus on better quality and improved market access can enhance the country’s share of the cereal sector in ...
The present study focuses on measuring the competitiveness, diversifications and export performan... more The present study focuses on measuring the competitiveness, diversifications and export performance of Pakistan`s selected leather and leather products in the global economy from 2003-2014. The study employs Constant Market Share Analysis to measure the competitiveness and suggests some policy measures that might be helpful to enhance the export volume which leads to a considerable increase in the foreign exchange that is indispensible for achieving desired economy. The findings of the study of the product group (4202) illustrate that average total effect, structural effect, specific competitive effect were positive, whereas average competitive effect, commodity effect, general competitive effect and market effect were negative from 2003-08. Furthermore, the results indicate that the average total effect, structural effect, commodity effect, competitive effect and specific competitive effect were positive, while market effect and general competitive effect were negative from 2009-14...
The international capital flows and the factors influencing them are imperative in this era of gl... more The international capital flows and the factors influencing them are imperative in this era of globalization and financial liberalization. This paper empirically examines the role of institutional quality in enticing foreign capital flows in emerging market economies (EMEs). A panel data set for the period 1995-2018 is used for the 24 major EMEs including Argentina, Bangladesh, Brazil, Chile, China, Czech Republic, Greece, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Mexico, Pakistan, Peru, Philippines, Poland, Qatar, Romania, Russia, South Africa, Thailand, Turkey, Ukraine, and Venezuela. The system GMM estimation technique of dynamic panel data handling developed by Arellano-Bover (1995) and Blundell-Bond (1998) is employed for the estimation. The empirical results reveal that the FDI inflows are positively and significantly affected by the institutional quality, but the portfolio equity capital inflows are not influenced by any indicator of institutional performance. In other words, the...
Cotton sector, one of the most important sectors of agriculture, plays a pivot role in the socio-... more Cotton sector, one of the most important sectors of agriculture, plays a pivot role in the socio-economic uplift of Pakistan as its contribution to agriculture value addition is 5.5 % and to GDP is 1 %. It along with low wage cost also ensures the massive availability of raw material for textile industry which enables Pakistan to attain competitiveness in the world market. The aim of present study is ,therefore, to measure the export competitiveness in cotton sector of Pakistan by utilizing a set of Revealed competitive advantage and Revealed comparative advantage (RCA) indices such as RCA, RCA#, Symmetric Comparative index (RSCA), Revealed Import Advantage index (RMA), Net export index (NEI)and Revealed Trade Advantage index (RTA) vis-a-vis world trade. The data was taken from International Trade Center (ITC) UN-COMTRADE Statistics for Pakistani cotton from 2003-17. The results of the study explored that Pakistan had a comparative and competitive advantage in cotton exports, whi...
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