Fourier Ímpar e Par
Fourier Ímpar e Par
Fourier Ímpar e Par
Séries de Fourier.
Marcus V S Nascimento
Indice
1 Serie de Fourier
Série de Fourier
em que os coeficientes:
Z L
1
a0 = f (x)dx
L −L
Z L Z L
1 h nπx i 1 h nπx i
an = f (x)cos dx e bn = f (x)sen dx
L −L L L −L L
para n = 1, 2, 3, . . .
Série de Fourier
Função Periódica
f (x + T ) = f (x)
Assim, Z π
1
a0 = f (x)dx
π −π
Z π Z π
1 h nπx i 1 h nπx i
an = f (x)cos dx e bn = f (x)sen dx
π −π π π −π π
para n = 1, 2, 3, . . .
1 π
Z
f (x)dx =
π −π
1 π
Z
f (x)cos [nx] dx =
π −π
1 π
Z
f (x)sen [nx] dx =
π −π
para n = 1, 2, 3, . . .
Z π Z 0 Z π
1 1
f (x)dx = −1dx + 1dx =
π −π π −π 0
1 1
= −x|0−π + x|π0 = [−0 − (−(−π)) + π − 0] = 0
π π
Portanto, a0 = 0
Z π Z 0 Z π
1 1
f (x)cos [nx] dx = −cos [nx] dx + cos [nx] dx =
π −π π −π 0
1 1
sen [nx] |0−π + [sen [nx] |π0 ] =
=−
nπ nπ
1 1
=− [sen[0] − sen[−nπ]] + [sen[nπ] − sen[0]] =
nπ nπ
1 1
=− [−sen[−nπ]] + [sen[nπ]] = 0
nπ nπ
para n = 1, 2, 3, . . . pois seno de multiplos inteiros de π vale zero!
Portanto, an = 0.
Z π Z 0 Z π
1 1
f (x)sen [nx] dx = −sen [nx] dx + sen [nx] dx =
π −π π −π 0
1 1
cos[nx]|0−π − [cos[nx]|π0 ] =
=
nπ nπ
1 1
= [cos[0] − cos[−nπ]] − [cos[nπ] − cos[0]] =
nπ nπ
1 1 2
= [1 − cos[nπ]] + [1 − cos[nπ]] = [1 − cos[nπ]]
nπ nπ nπ
pois cos[nπ] = cos[−nπ].
an = 0
2
bn = [1 − cos[nπ]]
nπ
para n = 1, 2, 3, . . . . Substituindo esses coeficientes na série,
∞
a0 X h nπx i h nπx i
f (x) = + an cos + bn sen
2 L L
n=1
temos,
∞ h nπx i ∞
X X 2
f (x) = bn sen = [1 − cos[nπ]] sen[nx]
π nπ
n=1 n=1
∞
X 2
f (x) = [1 − cos[nπ]] sen[nx] =
nπ
n=1
4 4 4 4
= sen(x) + sen(3x) + sen(5x) + sen(7x) + . . .
π 3π 5π 7π
Assim, Z 1
a0 = f (x)dx
−1
Z 1 Z 1
an = f (x)cos [nπx] dx e bn = f (x)sen [nπx] dx
−1 −1
para n = 1, 2, 3, . . .
1 0 1
x2 0 x2
Z Z Z
f (x)dx = −xdx + xdx = − |−1 + |10 =
−1 −1 0 2 2
02 (−1)2 12 02
=− − − + − =1
2 2 2 2
Portanto a0 = 1
Z 1 Z 0 Z 1
f (x)cos [nπx] dx = −xcos [nπx] dx + xcos [nπx] dx.
−1 −1 0
h i0 h i1
x 1 x
=− nπ sen[nπx]+ cos[nπx] + nπ sen[nπx]+ 21 2 cos[nπx]
n2 π 2 −1 n π 0
h i h i
=− 1
cos[0]+ −1 sen[−nπ]− 21 2 cos[−nπ] 1
+ nπ sen[nπ]+ 1
cos[nπ]− 21 2 cos[0]
n2 π 2 nπ n π n2 π 2 n π
h i h i
=− 1
+ −1 sen[−nπ]− 21 2 cos[−nπ] 1
+ nπ sen[nπ]+ 1
cos[nπ]− 21 2 =
n2 π 2 nπ n π n2 π 2 n π
2
= [cos[nπ] − 1]
n2 π 2
2
Portanto an = n2 π 2
[cos[nπ] − 1] para n = 1, 2, 3, . . .
Portanto bn = 0. Exercicio
2
an = [cos[nπ] − 1]
n2 π 2
bn = 0
para n = 1, 2, 3, . . . . Substituindo esses coeficientes na série,
∞
a0 X h nπx i h nπx i
f (x) = + an cos + bn sen
2 L L
n=1
temos,
∞ ∞
a0 X 1 X 2
f (x) = + an cos [nπx] = + [cos[nπ] − 1] cos[nπx]
2 2 n2 π 2
n=1 n=1
∞
1 X 2
f (x) = + [cos[nπ] − 1] cos[nπx]
2 n2 π 2
n=1
1 4 4 4
= − 2 cos(πx) − 2 cos(3πx) − cos(5πx) + . . .
2 π 9π 25π 2
Exercicio
Exercicio