Apostila Inglês - Intermediário - 18-03

CENTRO EDUCACIONAL POTENCIALIZE
INGLÊS
MÓDULO INTERMEDIÁRIO
‘’A mente que se abre a uma nova ideia jamais

voltará ao seu tamanho original’’.
Albert Einsten
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Inglês – Módulo Intermediário
Sumário
INTERMEDIÁRIO 1 ......................................................................... 3
MAKE, DO, TAKE, AND GET ...................................................................................................................................... 4
GERUND.................................................................................................................................................................... 7
PREPOSITIONS .......................................................................................................................................................... 11
PHRASAL VERBS – INTRODUÇÃO .................................................................................................................................. 19
PHRASAL VERBS - QUANDO SEPARAR OU NÃO?............................................................................................................... 23
PHRASAL VERBS - VOCABULÁRIO.................................................................................................................................. 26
INTERMEDIÁRIO 2 ....................................................................... 38
HOW MANY / HOW MUCH.......................................................................................................................................... 39
HOW MANY / HOW MUCH (JOGO) ............................................................................................................................... 41
MODAL VERBS – CAN AND COULD ............................................................................................................................... 42
MODAL VERBS – MUST, HAVE TO AND SHOULD ............................................................................................................. 46
MODAL VERBS – MAY - MIGHT - WOULD .................................................................................................................... 50
MODAL VERBS – SUPPOSED TO AND ABLE TO ................................................................................................................. 54
WILL – GOING TO ..................................................................................................................................................... 58
INTERMEDIÁRIO 3 ....................................................................... 61
SOME / ANY ............................................................................................................................................................ 62
COMPARATIVES E SUPERLATIVES .................................................................................................................................. 65
PRESENT PERFECT ..................................................................................................................................................... 69
ATIVIDADES EXTRAS................................................................................................................................................... 74
A DAY OUT ............................................................................................................................................................ 74
MEETING LADY LIBERTY........................................................................................................................................ 75
AT THE CAFÉ ......................................................................................................................................................... 76
SHOPPING FOR SOUVENIRS.................................................................................................................................. 77
A POST CARD TO THE FAMILY ............................................................................................................................... 78
A FASHION SHOW................................................................................................................................................. 79
MONEY MATTERS ................................................................................................................................................. 80
A CRISIS ................................................................................................................................................................ 81
A PICNIC................................................................................................................................................................ 82
THE ENVIRONMENT ............................................................................................................................................. 83
EXTRAS: ................................................................................................................................................................ 84
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INTERMEDIÁRIO 1
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MAKE, DO, TAKE, and GET
Make, Do, Take e Get são os 4 verbos de maior carga idiomática em inglês. São
multifuncionais, podendo ser comparados aos verbos fazer e ficar do português.
Observe-se que Make e Do são frequentemente sinônimos no significado, mas não no uso.
Isto é: na expressão em que ocorre um não se usa o outro. O significado que esses verbos
assumem depende da expressão em que ocorrem. Cada uma dessas expressões deve ser
considerada como uma unidade de vocabulário, como uma nova palavra a ser assimilada.
 GET – usa-se para dizer que eu estou pegando alguma coisa.

Ex: get a flat tire - furar o pneu
get a haircut - cortar o cabelo
get away - escapar
get back - recuperar
 TAKE – seria mais apropriado para mandar alguém pegar algo.

Ex: take a break - fazer uma pausa, dar uma folga
take care - cuidar-se, tomar cuidado, ser cuidadoso
take medicine - tomar remédio
take lessons - tomar aulas
 DO – existem vários significados, mas o FAZER do DO significa que eu estou executando

alguma tarefa, que eu estou praticando alguma atividade.
Ex: do your duty - cumprir com suas tarefas
do an exercise - fazer um exercício
do the dishes - lavar a louça
do a good/bad job - fazer um bom trabalho
 MAKE – seria FAZER no sentido de produzir algo, construir alguma coisa.

Ex: make a clean copy - passar a limpo
make arrangements (for) - fazer preparos
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make a date (with) - marcar um encontro

make a deal (with) - fazer um negócio, negociar
A seguir expressões utilizadas com bastante frequência que envolve os verbos take, do e get:
take revenge vingar-se do me a favor fazer um favor
take it from me acredite em mim do someone good fazer bem a alguém
take a break dar um tempo what gets me is o que me irrita é
take a shower tomar uma ducha get to the point chegar ao ponto
take a nap tirar um cochilo get a ticket receber uma multa
take off decolar get to chegar a
Exercises:
Complete the sentences using take, do and get . Perform the translation.
a) He was so angry and he swore to _______ revenge.
Traduce_______________________________________________.
b) _______ it from me, I’ll win.
Traduce_______________________________________________.
c) Let’s _______ a break.
Traduce_______________________________________________.
d) Wait! I’ll _______ a shower.
Traduce_______________________________________________.
e) I’m tired. I’ll _______ a nap.
Traduce_______________________________________________.
f) The airplane will _______ off in a few minutes.
Traduce_______________________________________________.
g) Can you _______ me a favor?
Traduce_______________________________________________.
h) This medicine will _______ me good.
Traduce_______________________________________________.
i) What _______ me is having to sleep late
Traduce_______________________________________________.
j) I’m worried. Let’s _______ to the point now.
Traduce_______________________________________________.
k) My brother _______ a ticket.
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Traduce_______________________________________________.
l) How long does it _______ to _______ to Brasília?
Traduce_______________________________________________.
Fill in the gaps with make, do or get.

a) I ________ to work at 7 a.m.
b) I ________ two hours wok before my employees arrive.
c) My secretary ________ phone calls.
d) She also ________ appointments to visit customers.
e) I ________ emails every day and I answer them as soon as possible.
f) We ________ business with companies from all ove the world.
g) I always ________ my best to attend all my clients` requests.
h) I often have to ________ overtime and I don´t go home until very late at night.
i) We are going to ________ some changes in our office.
j) It is very important to ________ to meetings on time.
k) Sometimes, it is difficult to ________ the right decision.
l) Don´t worry if you ________ a mistake.
m) When I’m late I a taxi to work, but I usually ________ a train.
n) I don´t have enough time to the shopping and I don´t ________ any housework.
o) In my free time I ________ sport.
p) I sometimes ________ stressed.
Complete the sentences using make , take, and the get .

a) I'm not sure if it's going to work, but I will _______________ a chance on it.
b) I'm fed up with your jokes so _____________ lost!
c) Who _______________ this mess?
d) I'm looking forward to ______________ business with you.
e) You look so tired. Why don't you _________________ a rest?
f) I know that Chinese is difficult, but you have to ________________ an effort.
g) He ___________ the sack for swearing at his boss.
h) Why don't you __________ the washing up while I'm making the cake?
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Complete the blanks with " MAKE " or "DO" correctly.

a) I´ll have to ________ a translation next week.
b) Did he ________a promise at the party? Will he ________ anything to help?
c) The doctors are going to ________ an operation immediately.
d) We decided to ________ plans and stop to ________ our decisions.
e) You always ________ the right thing!
f) Do I have to ________ a choice? ________ me a favour!
g) You should ________ an agreement as soon as possible.
Gerund
O gerúndio no inglês é caracterizado pelo acréscimo de -ing ao verbo: speaking, walking,

doing, making, studying, running, etc. Mas atenção, Nem sempre o verbo com -ing será um
gerúndio. No caso dos continuous tenses, o que temos é o Present Participle e não o
gerúndio.
 Preposição + gerund
Ex: I don’t want to leave without saying goodbye.
Read more about this by clicking here.
She’s afraid of flying.
I’m against voting for him.
 Verbos + gerund
I enjoy studying English.

He began learning English.
I don’t mind helping them
I deny doing that.
 O gerund sendo usado como sujeito:

Ex: Swimming is an excellent exercise. (nadar é um excelente exercício)
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Listening to music is my favorite pastime. (ouvir musica é meu passatempo favorito)
 O gerund pode ter a função de substantivo:

Ex: Everyone admires Suzy´s typing. (todo mundo admira a datilografia da Suzy)
This house needs a good cleaning. (esta casa precisa de uma boa limpeza)
 O gerund pode ser usado após come e go (quando indicarem atividade física ou
recreativa).
Ex: They went skiing last winter.
 O gerund pode ser usado após no, em mensagens curtas de proibição.

Ex: No parking. No smoking.
Verbos mais comuns: admit, avoid, appreciate, consider, continue, delay, detest, deny,
dislike, enjoy, escape, finish, forgive, imagine, include, keep, mention, miss, practice,
recommend, resist, risk, suggest, try, understand, quit.
Verbos seguidos de to + infinitivo ou gerúndio com mudança de significado.
 Remember
 Remember + to + infinitivo significa lembrar-se de fazer algo que precisa e geralmente
o faz.
Ex: When I leave, don’t remember to feed the dogs.
 Remember + gerúndio significa lembrar-se de ter feito algo no passado.

Ex: I remember watching Moscow’s Olympic Games when I was 5 years old
 Forget
 Forget + infinitivo significa esquecer-se de algo de algo que você quer fazer.
Ex: Damn it! I forgot to buy my mother’s gift.
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 Forget + gerúndio significa esquecer do que se fez ou do que aconteceu.

Ex: Did you forget sleeping while you were driving?
 Try
 Try + infinitivo significa fazer esforço por, tentar algo difícil, e que você não consegue.
Ex: I tried to findyou yesterday, but you weren’t anywhere! Where were you?
 Try + gerúndio significa provar, experimentar algo que não é difícil de alcançar o
resultado que você quer.
Ex: You should try using this new pair of sneakers.
 Regret
 Regret + to + infinitivo é usado quando se lamenta o que vai informar (dar más
notícias, geralmente com os verbos say, tell, inform).
Ex: I regret to inform you, you are fired!
 Regret + gerúndio significa lamentar ter feito algo.
Ex: I regret losing the football match on TV, but I had to wake up early the next day.
 Stop
 Stop + to + infinitivo significa parar para fazer algo.
Ex: I stopped to pick up the phone.
 Stop + gerúndio significa deixar de realizar uma ação (para sempre ou naquele
momento.)
Ex: I stopped playing football. I hurt my leg last week.
Exercises:
Type THE verbs Parenthetically IN Gerund paragraph to complete sentences.
a) I am _______________ a composition. (to write)
b) Jack is _______________ here. (to come)
c) You are _______________ now. (to sleep)
d) You are _______________ Geography. (to study)
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Gerund or Infinitive – Fill in the correct form.

a) Mary enjoys ___________________ to music.(listen)
b) I don’t mind ___________________ the washing up.(do)
c) Irregular verbs are not easy ___________________ .(remember)
d) Mathew is really good at ___________________ .(cook)
e) She waited ___________________ a movie ticket.(buy)
f) The doctor encouraged his patients ___________________ healthy food.(eat)
g) My flat is easy ___________________ .(find)
h) She is interested in ___________________ a doctor.(become)
i) He is saving money ___________________ a new car.(buy)
j) When I met her I couldn’t help ___________________ her. (hug)
k) My favorite hobby is___________________ .(cook)
l) My father helped me ___________________ my homework.(do)
m) I’m sick of ___________________ hamburgers every day.(eat)
n) It is important ___________________ the net for more information.(surf)
o) She advised me ___________________ a doctor as soon as possible.(see)
Complete the sentences using the -ING form of the verbs below.
Do - have - listen - play - be - read - go - not make - borrow - swim – drive
a) I enjoy ___________________ to the radio in the mornings.

b) I'll lend you the book when I've finished ___________________ it.
c) Do you ever go ___________________ in the sea?
d) They suggested ___________________ dinner in an Indian restaurant.
e) Robert gave up ___________________ football years ago.
f) The man admitted ___________________ the car dangerously.
g) I really don't mind ___________________ the housework.
h) I didn't feel like ___________________out last night, so I stayed at home.
i) Would you mind ___________________so much noise? I'm trying to study.
j) I normally try to avoid ___________________ money.
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k) Since she moved from London, she misses ___________________ able to see all her
friends there.
Fill in the blanks below with the correct form of the verb in brackets.
a) It's obvious he's only interested in (make) ______________ money.
b) Anne couldn't find a taxi so I offered (drive) ________________ her to the station.
c) I managed (book) ________________ two seats on the morning flight
d) I promise (send) _______________ you our new brochure as soon as it's available.
e) Peter was delighted (meet) _______________ a former colleague at the conference.
f) I avoid (take) _______________ the car whenever possible, especially in big cities.
g) We finished the job by (work) _______________ 12 hours a day.
h) Bob sent a report to the Chairman instead of (attend) _______________ the meeting.
i) A lot of people dislike (drive) _______________ at night.
j) I intend (speak) _______________ to my boss about your complaint
Prepositions
Quais são as preposições em inglês? Você certamente conhece as mais comuns: in, on, at, of,
from, up, to, for, with, between, behind e ainda outras. Entretanto, há em inglês mais de 100
preposições.
Lista de preposições conhecidas:
abrord, about, above, absent, across, after, against, along, alongside, amid,
amidst, among, amongst, around, as, aside, astride, at, athwart, atop, barring,
before, behind, below, beneath, beside, besides, between, betwixt, beyond, but,
by, circa, concerning, despite, down, during, except, excluding, failing, following,
for, from, given, in, including, inside, into, like, mid, minus, near, next,
notwithstanding, of, off, on, onto, opposite, out, outside, over, pace, past, per,
plus, pro, qua, regarding, round, save, since, than, though, thru, throughout, thru
out, till, times, to, toward, towards, under, underneath, unlike, until, up, upon,
versus, via, with, within, without, worth.
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Esta lista ainda não está completa. Sempre tem algo novo para ser incluído. Muitas destas
preposições são raramente usadas. Outras são mais usadas em textos literários ou em textos
jurídicos. E ainda outras são informais [thru e thruout] sendo usadas apenas ao falar com
amigos e familiares.
Quais são as 10 preposições mais usadas em inglês?
Posição Inglês Falado Inglês Escrito 6º at about

1º to to 7º by at
2º of of 8º from out
3º in in 9º up up
4º for for 10º out from
5º on on
Existe 3 grupos de prepositions:
 Preposições de lugar, posição e direção.

 Preposições de tempo.
 Preposições para outros relacionamentos.
Algumas preposições COMUNS

LUGAR POSIÇÃO DIREÇÃO TEMPO OUTROS
above beyond on after except
across by opposite before as
along down out (of) at like
among from outside by about
at in over for with
away from in front of around during without
behind inside through from by
below into to in for
beside near towards
between off under
up
Embora preposições sejam difíceis de generalizar com regras distintas, não há uma regra
simples sobre eles. E, ao contrário a maioria das regras, esta regra não tem exceções.
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Regras:
São sempre seguidas por um “substantivo”, não seguido de um verbo, por substantivos que
incluem:
 Noun (dog, money, love)

 Proper Noun (name) (London, Mary)
 Pronoun (you, him, us)
 Noun Group (my first car)
 Gerund (swimming)
Se quisermos seguir com um verbo, devemos usar a forma " ing ", que é realmente um
gerúndio ou verbo na forma de substantivo.
Subject + Verb Preposition "noun"

The pen is on the table.
He lives in England.
Henry is looking for you.
The newspaper is under your green book.
Pascal is used to English people.
She isn't used to working.
We ate before coming.
Prepositions of Time / Place at, in, on
 AT - por um tempo preciso

 IN - Durante meses, anos, séculos e longos períodos.
 ON - por dias e as datas
Monday [na segunda-feira]

Tuesday [na terça-feira]
Wednesday [na quarta-feira]
ON Thursday [na quinta-feira]
Friday [na sexta-feira]
Saturday [no sábado]
Sunday [no domingo]
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AT IN ON
At 4:30 pm in March on Monday
At 3 o'clock In Winter On 6 March
At noon In the summer On 22 Dec.2012
At dinnertime In 1990 On Christmas Day
At bedtime In the next century On your birthday
At the moment In the future On New Year's Eve
Observe que o uso das preposições de tempo IN e ON nestas expressões comuns:
 In the morning /On Monday morning

 In the mornings / On Sunday mornings
 In the afternoon(s) / On Sunday afternoons
 In the evening(s) / On Friday evenings
Quando dizemos algo sobre passado, presente, todos os que não usamos AT, IN e ON.
 I went to New York last June (not in last June)

 She is coming back next Monday. (not on next Monday)
 I go home every Easter . (not at every Easter)
 We'll call you this afternoon. (not in this afternoon)
Prepositions of place
Em geral:
 AT - Para um ponto ( cão, dinheiro, amor);
 IN - para um espaço fechado;
 ON - Para uma superfície.
AT IN ON
At the bus stop In London On the wall
At the corner In the garden On the ceiling
At the entrance In a box On the floor
At the crossroads In a building On the carpet
At the top of the page In a car On a page
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Alguns outros usos comuns de AT, IN e ON.

AT IN ON
At home In a car On a bus
At work In a taxi On a train
At school In a helicopter On a plane
At university In an elevator On a bicycle
At the top In the sky On the radio
At the bottom In the street On the left
At the side In a row On a horse
At reception In a boat On a boat
*Notice how we can use on a boat or in a boat depending on the type and the size of the particular boat/ship
Mais Prepositions.
Prepositions use Example
during while in during the movie, during the flight,
during my stay
for for two days, for an hour
from / to from Saturday to Monday, from 5 to
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between the time period from one to between 1986 and 2012, between
another Saturday and Monday
until/till before a certain time until/till Sunday,5 o'clock
by at the least by Tuesday, by next month, by
tomorrow
to movement towards to school, to work, to the station
into movement towards inside into the cinema, into the car
something
out of to leave a place/a thing out of the theater, out of the car
by near/next to/beside LINK stand by me, by the lake
through through the tunnel, through the
room
across opposite ends across the river, across the street
against against the wall, against the door
into movement towards inside into the cinema, into the car
something
Combinações de palavras ( VERBO / NOME / adjetivo + preposição )

NOUN + PREPOSITION
 There’s going to be a complete ban on fishing in the North Atlantic.
 The movie star became a slave to alcohol and cocaine and eventually died.
 I have every sympathy with his family.
 I can’t stand discrimination against women.
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ADJECTIVE + PREPOSITION
 I feel so sad about George’s leaving town for good.
 She keeps saying he’s not fond of her.
 Look at this collection! You must be crazy about music!
 Don’t you know he’s allergic to peanuts?
VERB + PREPOSITION
 Last night I dreamed about green fields, birds, streams…
 Who objects to this measure?
 I don’t approve of the way my nephew behaves in class.
 The critics were puzzled by the avant-garde character of his dance.
Exercises:
Use the prepositions and adverbs in brackets to complete the sentences
a) He ran _____ the corner, _____ the road to the other side, _____ the street. (across /
down / round)
b) We sat _____ the front of the cinema but not right _____ the front row. (at / in)
c) Jill sat in the front _____ the taxi driver and I sat _____ her. (behind / next to)
d) While I was riding _____ the mountain, I fell _____ my bike. (off / down)
e) Someone pushed me _____ the lake while I was standing _____ the bank. (on /into)
f) We'll need a boat to get _____ the river which runs _____ the town.
(across / through)
g) I thought someone was standing _____ me but I didn't dare to turn _____.
(round / behind)
h) I was walking _____ the street and a friend of mine walked right _____ me and never
said hello. (past / along).
Use the prepositions and adverbs in brackets to complete the sentences

above below as among towards opposite
over under like between away from in front of
a) Everybody on the staff is ________ suspicion. The chances are that even the boss
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b) might be the murderer.

c) He held a handkerchief ________ his face.
d) They discussed the matter ________ a cup of tea.
e) They all left the gambling house when the deal was ________.
f) Jack cannot drink in a pub because he's ________ age.
g) Our village is several metres ________ sea-Ievel so it is frequently flooded.
h) When Charles went to Malaga he stayed in the same hotel ________ I did.
i) Tom behaves ________ a child when it comes to eating sweets.
j) There were such nice pullovers that it was really hard to choose ________ them.
k) We used to live in a little hut ________ trees.
l) I suddenly spotted a young boy standing ________ the two posts.
m) On realizing that his wife was still inside, the man started to run ________ the
n) burning house.
o) The girl began to run to get ________ the angry cloud of bees.
p) In order not to get a deep suntan he preferred to sit ________ us.
q) When I saw her sitting by the lake I began walking ________ her.
r) She sat ________ me during the whole meeting, so I couldn't help looking at her face.
s) I used to have an irresistible habit of putting pins on the seats of students sitting
________ me in the class.
Prepositions of Time
Use the prepositions in the box to complete the sentences (if necessary)
at in on for since
a) The meeting is _____ half past two _____ the afternoon _____ next Monday.
b) Ghana has been an independent country _____ 1957.
c) The Second World War began _____ September 1939 and ended 1945.
d) This house dreadfully gets cold _____ winter, especially nights. We nearly froze to
death _____ Iast Christmas.
e) Oxford has been a center of learning _____ more than a thousand years.
f) It's our fifth anniversary next month. We got married _____ 1966 _____ 17th of
September.
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g) England and Scotland have been united _____ 1707.

h) Come round _____ Iunch time and have something to eat. You haven't eaten anything
_____ eight hours.
i) It's nearly four hundred years _____ Shakespeare's birth.
j) We normally start lunch _____ about two _____ the afternoon _____ weekends.
Prepositions with nouns

Supply appropriate prepositions to complete the sentences
a) The two companies are completely independent. There's no connection ________
them.
b) The advantage ________ having a car is that you don't have to rely on public
transport.
c) There are many advantages ________ being able to speak a foreign language.
d) Bill and I used to be good friends, but I don't have much contact ________ him now.
e) "Hamlet" and "Macbeth" are plays ________ Shakespeare.
f) I mustn't eat too much. I'm supposed to be ________ a diet.
g) There was panic when people realized the building was ________ fire.
h) Next month I'm going to Scotland ________ a short holiday.
i) I won't be at work next week. I'll be ________ holiday.
j) We're going ________ holiday with some friends of ours in September.
k) Did you hear the news this morning ________ the radio?
l) It was only ________ accident that I found out who the man really was.
m) I wouldn't like his job. He spends so much time talking ________ the phone.
Complete as expressões de tempo abaixo com “on”, “at” e “in”:

a) _______May h) _______Wednesday evening
b) _______7pm i) _______10 May
c) _______present j) _______March 2
d) _______Christmas day k) _______the weekend
e) _______four months l) _______the afternoon
f) _______2 o’clock m) _______night
g) _______1983 n) _______the past
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o) _______September p) _______the same time
Complete as sentences com “on”, “at” e “in”:

a) Goodbye, everyone. See you _______Monday.
b) They love to lake at the sky _______night.
c) Did you go out _______Saturday?
d) Did you go out _______Saturday evening?
e) We’ll have a meeting _______ 3:30pm.
f) My birthday is _______ May.
g) My birthday is _______ May 25th.
h) We first met _______1997.
i) I often go out _______ the weekend.
j) Our company started _______2001.
k) Where were you _______ April 25?
l) We arrived there _______ the same time.
m) I guess things will change _______the future.
Phrasal Verbs – Introdução
Phrasal Verbs são verbos que, ao serem combinados com uma preposição ou uma partícula
adverbial, têm seu sentido/tradução modificado. É composto sempre por verbo+preposição,
mudando o sentido original do verbo. Alguns dos phrasal verbs mais usados:
To break up (break = quebrar / up = acima) - Terminar um relacionamento

To give up (give = dar) - Desistir
To shut up (shut = fechar) - Calar a boca
To get up (get = obter) - Levantar
To find out (find = encontrar / out = fora) - Descobrir
To go out (go = ir) - Sair
To ask out (ask = perguntar) - Convidar alguém para um encontro
To check out (check = checar) - Investigar, conferir
To cut out (cut = cortar) - Parar algo irritante
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To find out (find = achar) - Descobrir uma informação

To check in (check = checar / in = dentro) - Se registrar
To pass away (pass = passar / away = longe) - Morrer
To get off (get = obter / off = fora) - Descer do veículo
To call off (call = ligar) - Cancelar
To turn off (turn = transformar) - Desligar
To turn on (turn = trasformar / on = em) - Ligar
To get over (get = obter / over = através) - Superar, melhorar
Phrasal verbs são combinações de palavras, geralmente um verbo e uma preposição Ex: to
keep up, ou um verbo e uma partícula adverbial Ex:to give away
Vamos ver cinco phrasal verbs básicos que você precisa conhecer e dominar:
1. TO GIVE IN (to somebody or something) - ceder, concordar em fazer algo que você não
quer.
Ex: "I did not want to travel, but she wanted so much and I finally gave in."
2. TO BRING ABOUT – acarretar algo, provocar algo, desencadear algo

Ex: "The cultural movement brought about some changes in the country."
3. TO LET SOMEONE DOWN – desapontar alguém

Ex: "I love you and I will never let you down."
4. TO MAKE SOMETHING UP – inventar algo que não é verdade

Ex: "Actually, it is not true. I made it up."
5. TO SHOW OFF – tentar impressionar alguém, gabar-se com algo que sabe fazer, se
exibir
Ex: "He is showing off because the girl he likes is here."
Convido você a observar os exemplos abaixo:
20
a) Do you usually go out on Saturday nights?

b) What are you looking for?
c) Can you drop me off at the beach?
d) Why don’t you look the word up in the dictionary?
Preste atenção nas expressões em destaque – go out, looking for, drop off e look up. Ao
traduzir estas expressões palavra por palavra você pode sair com o seguinte:
go out – ir fora
look for – olhar para
drop off – largar apagado
look up – olhar
Com estas “traduções” você então tenta entender as sentenças:

a) Você geralmente vai fora nos sábados à noite?
b) O que você está olhando para?
c) Você pode me largar apagado na praia?
d) Por que você não olha a palavra acima no dicionário?
De certa forma a tradução parece ter sentido, mas é preciso ter muita imaginação para
entender o que a pessoa quer realmente dizer com isto. O problema é que as expressões go
out, looking for, drop off e look up devem ser interpretadas como uma palavra só e não
como se fossem duas palavras isoladas.
go out – sair
look for – procurar (objeto ou pessoa perdida)
drop off – deixar (alguém em determinado lugar)
look up – procurar (palavras em um dicionário, nome em uma lista)
Desta forma, as sentenças passam a fazer sentido, veja só:

a) Você geralmente sai nos sábados à noite?
b) O que você está procurando?
21
c) Você pode me deixar na praia?

d) Por que você não procura a palavra no dicionário?
Nem todo verbo acompanhado de uma preposição é um phrasal verb

Para ser considerado um phrasal verb a combinação (verbo + preposição) deve ter um
sentido único quando interpretados juntos.
Por exemplo, a combinação “talk with” pode ser facilmente interpretada palavra por palavra
- falar com:
I talked with her last night.
Falei com ela ontem à noite.
Logo, “talk with” não é um phrasal verb.
Já a combinação “take off” não pode ser compreendida palavra por palavra. Por isto, é um
phrasal verb.
“What time did the plane take off? ”

“A que horas o avião decolou?”
Lembre-se: para ser um phrasal verb a combinação verbo + preposição não tem sentido ao
ser interpretada palavra por palavra.
Exercises:
Com suas próprias palavras diga o que é um phrasal verb?
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
Identifiquem nas sentenças abaixo os phrasal verbs:

a) Somebody broke in last night and stole my computer.
b) I just got over the flu. That’s why I wasn’t coming to classes.
c) We have to hand in our homework by Friday.
d) She has to look after her brother tonight.
e) His granddad passed away last month.
f) Do you work out?
g) They don’t get along well with each other.
h) I can’t believe they broke up.
22
i) Why don’t you two make up?
Phrasal Verbs aparecem por todo e qualquer canto. Eles estão em letras de músicas, diálogos
de filmes e seriados, livros, revistas, jornais, bate papo om os amigos... Enfim, em tudo quanto
é canto você vai se deparar com um phrasal verb.
Na música Unfaithful da Rihanna tem um trecho do refrão que ela canta assim:
“I don’t wanna hurt him anymore; I don't wanna take away his life”
(eu não quero mais machucá-lo; eu não quero tirar a vida dele).
Veja que aparece aí o phrasal verb “take away”.
No último episódio da série Friends tem um momento em que Rachel diz:

“I woke up today with the biggest smile on my face”
(Acordei hoje com um sorriso enorme no rosto).
Olha aí o passado do phrasal verb “wake up” presente na fala dela.
Em seu discurso da vitória o presidente eleito dos Estados Unidos, Barack Obama, disse:
“I look forward to working with them to renew”
(Aguardo ansiosamente [o momento] para trabalhar com eles na renovação...).
E veja aí que ele usou o phrasal verb “look forward to”.
Phrasal verbs são itens extremamente necessários para quem quer falar inglês fluentemente
e com naturalidade. Você não pode evitá-los. Eles estarão sempre perto de você! Aparecerão
sempre! Portanto, você deve aprendê-los para se comunicar bem em inglês e para entender o
que é dito.
Phrasal Verbs - Quando separar ou não?
Uma coisa importante de se saber sobre phrasal verbs é que alguns deles podem ser
separados. Ou seja, você pode colocar entre o verbo e a preposição um substantivo. Para
dizer em inglês “apague as luzes”, você pode dizer:
 Turn off the lights.
23
 Turn the lights off.
Você tem o verbo “turn”, o substantivo (objeto da sentença) “the lights” e então a preposição
“off”.
Ex:
 Who’s going to pick Carla up? (Quem vai buscar a Carla?)
 Take your T-shirt off. (Tire a sua camiseta.)
 He asked Patricia out. (Ele convidou a Patrícia para sair.)
 I gave my homework inyesterday. (Eu entreguei o meu exercício ontem.)
Nada impede que você diga as sentenças acima sem se parar os phrasal verbs, assim:
 Who’s going to pick up Carla? (Quem vai buscar a Carla?)

 Take off your T-shirt. (Tire a sua camiseta.)
 He ask ed out Patricia. (Ele convidou a Patrícia para sair.)
 I gave in my homework yesterday. (Eu entreguei o meu exercício ontem.)
As expressões “look for”, “got on” e “look after” são exemplos de

phrasal verbs que não podem ser separados. Eles sempre estarão juntos.
 Phrasal verbs possuem um grande número de significados.

Ex: “Make up”. - é um destes vários phrasal verbs que tem muitos significados (usos). O
importante não é decorar todos os significados de forma mecânica. O correto é aprender o
contexto no qual eles são usados. No caso de “Make up” observe os contextos a seguir:
1. Fazer as pazes com alguém, voltar a serem amigos depois de um período de

desentendimento, briga, etc.
 Why don’t you two make up? (Por que vocês dois não fazem as pazes?)
 They should make up. After all, they were good friends. (Elas deveriam fazer
as pazes. Afinal, elas eram boas amigas.)
2. Inventar uma desculpa por ter faltado a um compromisso, para não ir ao trabalho, etc;
inventar uma história a respeito de alguém; inventar um jogo para entreter pessoas.
Neste contexto as palavras “excuse”, “story” e “game” estarão sempre por perto ou o
contexto deixa claro que é sobre isto que estão falando.
 Don’t make up excuses. (Não invente desculpas!)
 He made up a story about me. (Ele inventou uma história a meu respeito.)
24
 She made up an excuse about being sick. (Ela inventou uma desculpa sobre
estar doente)
 He’s really good at making up games for kids. (Ele é muito bom em inventar
jogos/brincadeiras para crianças.)
3. Maquiar-se, pôr a maquiagem. Neste caso é comum dizer “make yourself up” ou
alguém “make you up”. Veja que é um phrasal verb separável:
 She had to make herselfup? (Ela teve que se maquiar?)
 Who’s going to Make you up? (Quem vai te maquiar?
4. Constituir-se de, compor-se de:

 The group is made up of students from different countries. (O grupo é
composto de pessoas de diferentes países.)
Sabendo que o take after (somebody/something )significa cuidar de(alguém/algo), você

seria capaz de criar quatro exemplos com ele? Pense, por exemplo, em algo ou
alguém do qual você tem que tomar conta: irmão mais novo, livros de alguém, mala
de alguém, pessoa doente, etc.
a) ______________________________________
b) ______________________________________
c)______________________________________
d)______________________________________
2) Nas sentenças abaixo, foi retirado o phrasal verb. Em parênteses está o significado do
phrasal verb que você precisa. Complete as sentenças.
a) Do you usually ................................. on Saturday nights? (sair)
b) Let’s ................................. tonight, shall we? (comer fora)
c) I ................................. at a gym near my house. (malho, faço academia)
d) We can just ................................. with some friends and have a good time. (sair)
e) They have to ................................. early tomorrow. (acordar)
f) They don’t ................................. each other anymore. (se dão bem)
g) Don’t worry! I’ll ................... you ................... at the airport. (buscar)
h) ................... me! (Olhe para)
i) I’m .............................. my wallet? Have you seen it? (procurando)
25
Phrasal Verbs - Vocabulário
Sobre a questão gramatical, vamos usar como exemplo o phrasal verblook foward to, que
significa estar ansioso/animado para fazer algo.
Ex:
 I look forward to seeing you again. (Estou ansioso para te encontrar novamente.)
 We look forward to working there. (Nós estamos animados para trabalhar lá.)
 They look forward to hearing from you. (Estão ansiosos para receber notícias suas.)
 I look forward to learning more phrasal verbs. (Estou animado para aprender mais
phrasal verbs.)
O que você nota no uso de look forward to além do significado? Todas as sentenças acima são
bem simples. Mas elas estão te dizendo algo a mais com relação à gramática do phrasal verb.
Ex:
I look forward to seeing you again.
We look forward to working there.
They look forward to hearing from you.
I look forward to learning more phrasal verbs.
Percebeu que os verbos see, work, hear e learn usados após look forward to são todos
escritos com –ing? Após “look forward to” vir um verbo, este verbo deverá ser grafado com –
ing.
Ex:
 He looks forward to going there.
 We all look forward to discussing this opportunity with you.
Aprendendo a observar. Veja as sentenças abaixo e anote o que há de interessante no uso

dos phrasal verb em destaque. Observe o modelo.
a) It’s too cold here! Why don’t you put your gloves on?
 Qual o significado do phrasal verb em destaque?
Put on neste contexto significa “vestir”, “colocar”.
26
 Ele está sendo usado para se referir a quê?

Está se referindo às luvas. Logo eu uso “put on” com o sentido de colocar uma peça de
roupa, vestir uma peça de roupa.
 O phrasal verb em destaque é separável ou inseparável?
Ele é separável – put your gloves on.
 É possível vir um verbo após este phrasal verb?
A julgar pelo fato de que ele é usado com roupas, não é possível ter um verbo após ele.
 Posso criar outros exemplos usando o mesmo phrasal verb?
Sim. Basta eu saber algumas peças de roupa em inglês é criar meus próprios exemplos:
“let me put my shoes on”, “put your T-shirt on”, “it was cold, so I put a pullover
on”.
 Posso reescrever meus exemplos de outra maneira?
Sim. Put on é um phrasal verb separável. Mas também posso escrever tudo junto: “let me
put on my shoes”, “put on your T-shirt”, “it was cold, so I put on a pullover”.
b) I have to cut down on beer. I’ve been drinking too much.

________________________________________________
________________________________________________
c) He’s setting up a new business.
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
d) Her parents passed away when she was two. So, she was brought up by her
grandparents.
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
e) Children usually come up with crazy ideas.
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
f) You’re walking too fast. I can’t keep up with you.
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
g) The car broke down when I was going to work this morning.
________________________________________________
27
________________________________________________
h) What time is the plane taking off?
________________________________________________
________________________________________________
phrasal verb meaning example sentence

Brian asked Judy out to dinner and a
ask sby out invite on a date
movie.
ask many people the same I asked around but nobody has seen my
ask around
question wallet.
add up to sthg equal Your purchases add up to $205.32.
You'll have to back up your car so that I
back sthg up reverse
can get out.
My wife backed me up over my decision
back sby up support
to quit my job.
The racing car blew up after it crashed into
blow up explode
the fence.
We have to blow 50 balloons up for the
blow sthg up add air
party.
stop functioning (vehicle, Our car broke down at the side of the
break down
machine) highway in the snowstorm.
The woman broke down when the police
break down get upset
told her that her son had died.
break sthg Our teacher broke the final project down
divide into smaller parts
down into three separate parts.
Somebody broke in last night and stole our
break in force entry to a building
stereo.
break into The firemen had to break into the room to
enter forcibly
sthg rescue the children.
wear sthg a few times so that it I need to break these shoes in before we
break sthg in
doesn't look/feel new run next week.
The TV station broke in to report the news
break in interrupt
of the president's death.
My boyfriend and I broke up before I
break up end a relationship
moved to America.
The kids just broke up as soon as the
break up start laughing (informal)
clown started talking.
The prisoners broke out of jail when the
break out escape
guards weren't looking.
break out in I broke out in a rash after our camping
develop a skin condition
sthg trip.
bring sby make unhappy This sad music is bringing me down.
28

down
My grandparents brought me up after my
bring sby up raise a child
parents died.
My mother walks out of the room when my
bring sthg up start talking about a subject
father brings up sports.
He drank so much that he brought his
bring sthg up vomit
dinner up in the toilet.
phone many different We called around but we weren't able to
call around
places/people find the car part we needed.
I called the company back but the offices
call sby back return a phone call
were closed for the weekend.
Jason called the wedding off because he
call sthg off cancel
wasn't in love with his fiancé.
call on sby ask for an answer or opinion The professor called on me for question 1.
We called on you last night but you
call on sby visit sby
weren't home.
Give me your phone number and I will call
call sby up phone
you up when we are in town.
You are still mad. You need to calm down
calm down relax after being angry
before you drive the car.
not care for
not like (formal) I don't care for his behaviour.
sby/ sthg
You'll have to run faster than that if you
catch up get to the same point as sby else
want to catch up with Marty.
arrive and register at a hotel or We will get the hotel keys when we check
check in
airport in.
You have to check out of the hotel before
check out leave a hotel
11:00 AM.
check sby/ sthg The company checks out all new
look at carefully, investigate
out employees.
check out sby/
look at (informal) Check out the crazy hair on that guy!
sthg
She cheered up when she heard the good
cheer up become happier
news.
I brought you some flowers to cheer you
cheer sby up make happier
up.
If everyone chips in we can get the kitchen
chip in help
painted by noon.
Please clean up your bedroom before you
clean sthg up tidy, clean
go outside.
come across I came across these old photos when I was
find unexpectedly
sthg tidying the closet.
come apart separate The top and bottom come apart if you pull
29

hard enough.
come down My nephew came down with chicken pox
become sick
with sthg this weekend.
volunteer for a task or to give The woman came forward with her
come forward
evidence husband's finger prints.
come from
originate in The art of origami comes from Asia.
some place
count on sby/ I am counting on you to make dinner
rely on
sthg while I am out.
Please cross out your old address and write
cross sthg out draw a line through
your new one.
cut back on My doctor wants me to cut back on sweets
consume less
sthg and fatty foods.
We had to cut the old tree in our yard
cut sthg down make sthg fall to the ground
down after the storm.
Your father cut in while I was dancing
cut in interrupt
with your uncle.
pull in too closely in front of The bus driver got angry when that car cut
cut in
another vehicle in.
start operating (of an engine or The air conditioner cuts in when the
cut in
electrical device) temperature gets to 22°C.
The doctors cut off his leg because it was
cut sthg off remove with sthg sharp
severely injured.
The phone company cut off our phone
cut sthg off stop providing
because we didn't pay the bill.
My grandparents cut my father off when
cut sby off take out of a will
he remarried.
remove part of sthg (usually with
cut sthg out I cut this ad out of the newspaper.
scissors and paper)
do sby/ sthg He's lucky to be alive. His shop was done
beat up, ransack (BrE, informal)
over over by a street gang.
My teacher wants me to do my essay over
do sthg over do again (AmE)
because she doesn't like my topic.
do away with It's time to do away with all of these old
discard
sthg tax records.
Do your coat up before you go outside. It's
do sthg up fasten, close
snowing!
It's a fancy restaurant so we have to dress
dress up wear nice clothing
up.
Andrea dropped back to third place when
drop back move back in a position/group
she fell off her bike.
drop in/ by/ I might drop in/by/over for tea sometime
come without an appointment
over this week.
30

drop sby/ sthg take sby/ sthg somewhere and I have to drop my sister off at work before
off leave them/it there I come over.
I dropped out of Science because it was
drop out quit a class, school etc
too difficult.
I don't feel like cooking tonight. Let's eat
eat out eat at a restaurant
out.
We ended up renting a movie instead of
end up eventually reach/do/decide
going to the theatre.
My new dress fell apart in the washing
fall apart break into pieces
machine.
The picture that you hung up last night fell
fall down fall to the ground
down this morning.
The money must have fallen out of my
fall out separate from an interior
pocket.
(of hair, teeth) become loose and His hair started to fall out when he was
fall out
unattached only 35.
I need to figure out how to fit the piano
figure sthg out understand, find the answer
and the bookshelf in this room.
to write information in blanks, as Please fill in the form with your name,
fill sthg in
on a form (BrE) address, and phone number.
to write information in blanks, as The form must be filled out in capital
fill sthg out
on a form (AmE) letters.
I always fill the water jug up when it is
fill sthg up fill to the top
empty.
We don't know where he lives. How can
find out discover
we find out?
We tried to keep the time of the party a
find sthg out discover
secret, but Samantha found it out.
get sthg communicate, make I tried to get my point across/over to the
across/ over understandable judge but she wouldn't listen.
I was surprised how well my new girlfriend
get along/on like each other
and my sister got along/on.
My grandfather can get around fine in his
get around have mobility
new wheelchair.
We worked so hard this year that we had to
get away go on a vacation
get away for a week.
get away with do without being noticed or Jason always gets away with cheating in
sthg punished his maths tests.
get back return We got back from our vacation last week.
Liz finally got her Science notes back
get sthg back receive sthg you had before
from my room-mate.
My sister got back at me for stealing her
get back at sby retaliate, take revenge
shoes. She stole my favourite hat.
31

get back into I finally got back into my novel and
become interested in sthg again
sthg finished it.
We're going to freeze out here if you don't
get on sthg step onto a vehicle
let us get on the bus.
recover from an illness, loss, I just got over the flu and now my sister
get over sthg
difficulty has it.
The company will have to close if it can't
get over sthg overcome a problem
get over the new regulations.
get round to finally find time to do (AmE: get I don't know when I am going to get round
sthg around to sthg) to writing the thank you cards.
get together meet (usually for social reasons) Let's get together for a BBQ this weekend.
get up get out of bed I got up early today to study for my exam.
You should get up and give the elderly
get up stand
man your seat.
reveal hidden information about
give sby away His wife gave him away to the police.
sby
give sby away take the bride to the altar My father gave me away at my wedding.
My little sister gave the surprise party
give sthg away ruin a secret
away by accident.
The library was giving away old books on
give sthg away give sthg to sby for free
Friday.
I have to give these skates back to Franz
give sthg back return a borrowed item
before his hockey game.
reluctantly stop fighting or My boyfriend didn't want to go to the
give in
arguing ballet, but he finally gave in.
give to many people (usually at no They were giving out free perfume
give sthg out
cost) samples at the department store.
give sthg up quit a habit I am giving up smoking as of January 1st.
My maths homework was too difficult so I
give up stop trying
gave up.
My brother tried to go after the thief in his
go after sby follow sby
car.
I went after my dream and now I am a
go after sthg try to achieve sthg
published writer.
We are going against the best soccer team
go against sby compete, oppose
in the city tonight.
Please go ahead and eat before the food
go ahead start, proceed
gets cold.
go back return to a place I have to go back home and get my lunch.
go out leave home to go on a social event We're going out for dinner tonight.
go out with Jesse has been going out with Luke since
date
sby they met last winter.
go over sthg review Please go over your answers before you
32

submit your test.
I haven't seen Tina for a long time. I think
go over visit sby nearby
I'll go over for an hour or two.
go without When I was young, we went without
suffer lack or deprivation
sthg winter boots.
My best friend and I grew apart after she
grow apart stop being friends over time
changed schools.
grow back regrow My roses grew back this summer.
This bike is too big for him now, but he
grow into sthg grow big enough to fit
should grow into it by next year.
grow out of Elizabeth needs a new pair of shoes
get too big for
sthg because she has grown out of her old ones.
When Jack grows up he wants to be a
grow up become an adult
fireman.
hand sthg I handed my old comic books down to my
give sthg used to sby else
down little cousin.
hand sthg in submit I have to hand in my essay by Friday.
We will hand out the invitations at the
hand sthg out to distribute to a group of people
door.
The police asked the man to hand over his
hand sthg over give (usually unwillingly)
wallet and his weapons.
Hang in there. I'm sure you'll find a job
hang in stay positive (informal)
very soon.
hang on wait a short time (informal) Hang on while I grab my coat and shoes!
Instead of going to the party we are just
hang out spend time relaxing (informal)
going to hang out at my place.
hang up end a phone call He didn't say goodbye before he hung up.
hold sby/ sthg I had to hold my dog back because there
prevent from doing/going
back was a cat in the park.
Jamie held back his tears at his
hold sthg back hide an emotion
grandfather's funeral.
Please hold on while I transfer you to the
hold on wait a short time
Sales Department.
hold onto sby/ hold firmly using your hands or Hold onto your hat because it's very windy
sthg arms outside.
hold sby/ A man in a black mask held the bank up
rob
sthgup this morning.
keep on doing Keep on stirring until the liquid comes to a
continue doing
sthg boil.
keep sthg We kept our relationship from our parents
not tell
from sby for two years.
keep sby/ sthg Try to keep the wet dog out of the living
stop from entering
out room.
33

If you keep those results up you will get
keep sthg up continue at the same rate
into a great college.
I need you to be on time. Don't let me
let sby down fail to support or help, disappoint
down this time.
Can you let the cat in before you go to
let sby in allow to enter
school?
I can't log in to Facebook because I've
log in (or on) sign in (to a website, database etc)
forgotten my password.
sign out (of a website, database If you don't log off somebody could get
log out (or off)
etc) into your account.
look after sby/
take care of I have to look after my sick grandmother.
sthg
look down on Ever since we stole that chocolate bar your
think less of, consider inferior
sby dad has looked down on me.
look for sby/ I'm looking for a red dress for the
try to find
sthg wedding.
look forward I'm looking forward to the Christmas
be excited about the future
to sthg break.
We are going to look into the price of
look into sthg investigate
snowboards today.
be careful, vigilant, and take
look out Look out! That car's going to hit you!
notice
look out for Don't forget to look out for snakes on the
be especially vigilant for
sby/ sthg hiking trail.
Can you look over my essay for spelling
look sthg over check, examine
mistakes?
search and find information in a We can look her phone number up on the
look sthg up
reference book or database Internet.
My little sister has always looked up to
look up to sby have a lot of respect for
me.
Josie made up a story about why we were
make sthg up invent, lie about sthg
late.
We were angry last night, but we made up
make up forgive each other
at breakfast.
My sisters made me up for my graduation
make sby up apply cosmetics to
party.
mix sthg up confuse two or more things I mixed up the twins' names again!
His uncle passed away last night after a
pass away die
long illness.
It was so hot in the church that an elderly
pass out faint
lady passed out.
give the same thing to many The professor passed the textbooks out
pass sthg out
people before class.
34

I passed up the job because I am afraid of
pass sthg up decline (usually sthg good)
change.
Thanks for buying my ticket. I'll pay you
pay sby back return owed money
back on Friday.
That bully will pay for being mean to my
pay for sthg be punished for doing sthg bad
little brother.
I picked out three sweaters for you to try
pick sthg out choose
on.
point sby/ sthg I'll point my boyfriend out when he runs
indicate with your finger
out by.
put what you are holding on a You can put the groceries down on the
put sthg down
surface or floor kitchen counter.
The students put the substitute teacher
put sby down insult, make sby feel stupid
down because his pants were too short.
We are putting off our trip until January
put sthg off postpone
because of the hurricane.
The neighbours put the fire out before the
put sthg out extinguish
firemen arrived.
put sthg I have to put the crib together before the
assemble
together baby arrives.
put up with I don't think I can put up with three small
tolerate
sby/ sthg children in the car.
put clothing/ accessories on your Don't forget to put on your new earrings
put sthg on
body for the party.
run into sby/
meet unexpectedly I ran into an old school-friend at the mall.
sthg
run over sby/ drive a vehicle over a person or I accidentally ran over your bicycle in the
sthg thing driveway.
run over/ Let's run over/through these lines one
rehearse, review
through sthg more time before the show.
The child ran away from home and has
run away leave unexpectedly, escape
been missing for three days.
We ran out of shampoo so I had to wash
run out have none left
my hair with soap.
My letter got sent back to me because I
send sthg back return (usually by mail)
used the wrong stamp.
Our boss set a meeting up with the
set sthg up arrange, organize
president of the company.
The police set up the car thief by using a
set sby up trick, trap
hidden camera.
I want to shop around a little before I
shop around compare prices
decide on these boots.
show off act extra special for people He always shows off on his skateboard
35

watching (usually boastfully)
stay somewhere for the night You should sleep over tonight if the
sleep over
(informal) weather is too bad to drive home.
We need to sort the bills out before the
sort sthg out organize, resolve a problem
first of the month.
continue doing sthg, limit yourself You will lose weight if you stick to the
stick to sthg
to one particular thing diet.
The light's too bright. Could you switch it
switch sthg off stop the energy flow, turn off
off.
We heard the news as soon as we switched
switch sthg on start the energy flow, turn on
on the car radio.
I take after my mother. We are both
take after sby resemble a family member
impatient.
take sthg He took the car brakes apart and found the
purposely break into pieces
apart problem.
I have to take our new TV back because it
take sthg back return an item
doesn't work.
take off start to fly My plane takes off in five minutes.
Take off your socks and shoes and come in
take sthg off remove sthg (usually clothing)
the lake!
Can you take the garbage out to the street
take sthg out remove from a place or thing
for me?
pay for sby to go somewhere with My grandparents took us out for dinner
take sby out
you and a movie.
I tore up my ex-boyfriend's letters and
tear sthg up rip into pieces
gave them back to him.
remember (often + to, sometimes When I think back on my youth, I wish I
think back
+ on) had studied harder.
think sthg I'll have to think this job offer over before
consider
over I make my final decision.
throw sthg We threw our old furniture away when we
dispose of
away won the lottery.
turn sthg decrease the volume or strength Please turn the TV down while the guests
down (heat, light etc) are here.
turn sthg I turned the job down because I don't want
refuse
down to move.
Your mother wants you to turn the TV off
turn sthg off stop the energy flow, switch off
and come for dinner.
It's too dark in here. Let's turn some lights
turn sthg on start the energy, switch on
on.
increase the volume or strength Can you turn the music up? This is my
turn sthg up
(heat, light etc) favourite song.
turn up appear suddenly Our cat turned up after we put posters up
36

all over the neighbourhood.
I'm going to try these jeans on, but I don't
try sthg on sample clothing
think they will fit.
I am going to try this new brand of
try sthg out test
detergent out.
The kids used all of the toothpaste up so
use sthg up finish the supply
we need to buy some more.
We have to wake up early for work on
wake up stop sleeping
Monday.
warm sby/ You can warm your feet up in front of the
increase the temperature
sthg up fireplace.
I always warm up by doing sit-ups before
warm up prepare body for exercise
I go for a run.
Most of my make-up wore off before I got
wear off fade away
to the party.
work out exercise I work out at the gym three times a week.
work out be successful Our plan worked out fine.
We have to work out the total cost before
work sthg out make a calculation
we buy the house.
37
INTERMEDIÁRIO 2
38
How many / How much
 Much é usado com as palavras incontáveis, ou seja, aquelas que só são usadas no
singular;
How much ....? Substantivos incontáveis e preço. Ex: How much coffee do you drink?
 Many, por outro lado, quantifica os substantivos contáveis, que tem plural (e são
sempre usados no plural quando acompanhados de “many”).
How many ....? Substantivos contáveis. Ex: How many cups of coffee do you drink?
MUCH (muito) MANY (muitos)

Com substantivos incontáveis, sem “Many” é usado com substantivos contáveis,
quantidade definida e que não podem ser itens que podem ser contados um a um,
contados um a um, usamos “much”: como:
 líquidos: There’s so much water on  objetos: I have many pens.(Tenho
the kitchen floor! (Tem tanta água no muitas canetas.)
chão da cozinha!)
 animais: There are many cats for
 conceitos abstratos: I need much adoption. (Há muitos gatos para
sleep every night. (Preciso dormir adoção.)
muito toda noite.)
 pessoas: We can see many kids
 sentimentos: We can feel much love playing there. (Vemos muitas
in this house. (Podemos sentir muito crianças brincando ali.)
amor nesta casa.)
 lugares: Many schools need more
 ações/conceitos da natureza: This teachers. (Muitas escolas precisam de
much rain always causes floods. mais professores.)
(Tanta chuva assim sempre causa
enchentes.)  alimentos, quando falamos de item
por item: The table is always filled
 alimentos quando nos referimos ao with many apples. (A mesa está
grupo, não ao item: I don’t eat much sempre cheia com muitas maçãs.)
meat. (Não como muita carne.)
How many:
 How many umbrellas are there? (Quantos sombrinhas tem?)
 How many brothers and sisters do you have? (Quantos irmãos e irmãs você tem?)
39
 How many kids are playing in front of your house? (Quantas crianças estão brincando
em frente à sua casa?)
How much:
 How much time is left? (Quanto tempo resta?)
 How much water are you drinking? (Quanto de água está bebendo?)
 How much is this car? It is not very expensive. (Quanto custa esse carro? Não é muito
caro)
Exercises:
Fill the sentences with “how much” or “how many”:

a) __________ is that bottle of wine?
b) __________ rooms are there in your apartment?
c) __________ students are there in your class?
d) I don’t know __________ this book is.
e) Do you know __________ are those CDs?
f) Look at his collection!__________ magazines does he have?
g) __________ is it?
h) Can you tell me __________ cars she has? 9- _________money do you have?
i) I love you. ____________ times do I need to tell you that?
Write questions using how much or how many:

a) How many symphonies did Beethoven write?
b) ______________cents are there in a dollar?
c) ______________kilometers are there in a mile?
d) ______________blood is there in a person’s body?
e) ______________air do we breathe every minute?
Put in much or many:

a) I haven’t got much time
40
b) There aren’t ______________ people here

c) Are there ______________ Americans in your school?
d) I don’t eat ______________ meat.
e) Do you know ______________ songs in English?
Complete the sentences with How much or How many and then answer the questions:
a) How much homework have you got today?
Some English activities.
b) _____________ people have got glasses in your class?
_________________________________________________
c) _____________cousins have you got?
_________________________________________________
d) _____________coffee do your parents drink?
_________________________________________________
e) _____________books are there in your schoolbag?
_________________________________________________
f) _____________ chocolate do your friends eat?
_________________________________________________
g) _____________students are there in your school?
_________________________________________________
h) _____________paper is there on your desk?
How many / How much (Jogo)
Esse é um jogo em que a sorte contribui muito para determinar quem vai ganhar, mas uma
visão mais ampla de mundo também ajuda.
Atenção: regras do jogo: antes de saber o teor de cada pergunta, fará apostas entre 1 e 500
pontos na coluna "minha aposta" (uma linha de cada vez).
41
Por exemplo: no número 1, um determinado aluno aposta 300 pontos. Aí o Professor lê a

pergunta: "How many legs does a spider have?" (= Quantas pernas tem uma aranha?). Todos
os alunos escrevem os seus palpites na coluna "Minha resposta".
O professor dara a resposta correta (8). Se o aluno que apostou 300 pontos acertou, vai
escrever +300 na coluna "pontuação". Se errou, vai escrever -300.
Obviamente que em alguns casos os alunos não saberão a resposta e terão de "chutar". Assim
acontece sucessivamente, até que todas as perguntas tenham sido feitas.
Depois de computados os pontos para a última pergunta, cada um conta os seus pontos.
Quem conseguir somar mais pontos (positivos, obviamente), ganha o jogo.
Minha aposta Minha resposta Pontuação

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Modal Verbs – Can and Could
Os modal verbs é um tipo especial de verbos auxiliares que alteram ou completam o sentido
do verbo principal. De um modo geral, estes verbos expressam ideias como capacidade,
possibilidade, obrigação, permissão, proibição, dedução, suposição, pedido, vontade, desejo
ou, ainda, indicam o tom da conversa (formal / informal).
Os modal verbs são verbos distintos dos outros, pois possuem características próprias:
 Não precisam de auxiliares;
42
 Sempre após os modais, o verbo deve vir no infinitivo, só que sem o “to”;
 Não sofrem alteração nas terceiras pessoas do singular no presente. Logo, eles nunca
recebem “s”, “es” ou “ies”.
can (pode), could (poderia), may (pode, poderia), might (pode, poderia), should
(deveria), must (deve), ought to (precisa) used to (costumava).
O modal verb é um tipo de verbo auxiliar que ajuda a especificar mais o sentido do verbo
principal. Os verbos can e could que estudaremos agora significam, respectivamente, pode e
podia ou poderia. Repare que o can (pode) se refere ao presente e could (podia, poderia), ao
passado.
Can - pode ser usado para expressar permissão, habilidade.

Ex:
 Can you open the door? (Dá pra você abrir a porta?)
 Can you do me a little favor? (Dá pra você me fazer um favorzinho?)
 Can you turn down the TV? (Dá pra você baixar a TV?)
 Can you help me? (Você pode me ajudar? = fazer um pedido)
 You can go now. (Você pode ir agora. = dar permissão)
Could - é empregado para expressar habilidade, só que no passado. É usado também com o
sentindo de poderia, em um contexto mais formal.
Ex:
 Could I read for you? (Eu poderia ler para você? = oferecer ajuda)
 Could I leave now? (Eu poderia ir embora agora? = pedir permissão)
 Excuse me, could you give some information, please? (Com licença, você poderia me
dar uma informação, por favor?)
 Excuse me, could you do me a little favor, please? (Com licença, você poderia me fazer
um favorzinho, por gentileza?)
 Excuse me, could you help me, please? (Com licença, você poderia me ajudar, por
favor?)
43
Exercises:
Fill in the blanks with could, can, couldn't, can't.
a) In my first year as a teacher, I almost lost my self-confidence because I ________ teach
anything.
b) Mary tried hard to persuade her friend but she ________ change her mind.
c) Bijan says he ________ speak four languages but he ________ communicate with the
tourists yesterday as he was a bit nervous.
d) Adan and her mother ________ open the door because it was locked.
e) I ________ finally talk to John after I tried to reach him on the phone for hours.
f) You ________ lift your eyebrows separately in the past and you still do it.
g) Mike was the only one who ________ understand me, but now he .
h) Before the nuclear disaster in the 1980's, people ________ grow everything in their
gardens.
i) No matter how hard I try, I ________ see the 3D picture Susan says she ________.
j) The teams ________ choose their opponents. That will be decided by the jury.
Fill in the blanks below to complete the sentences. Use the words in the box.
CAN COULD CAN’T COULDN’T
a) I ___________ go to the party last night because I was sick.

b) A: ___________ Noel cook Italian food? B: Yes, he ___________.
c) My sister___________ swim last year, but now she ___________.
d) They___________go shopping yesterday because the store was losed.
e) A: ___________you read when you were four years old? B: Yes, I__________.
f) Ellie___________ride a bicycle. She rides it to school every day.
g) I’m very tired, so I ___________ go out to the park to play.
h) A: ___________ you see the moon last night? B: No, I __________.
i) When ___________ I talk to you about the company report?
j) Most di nosaurs walked on land, but some ___________ fly or even swim.
k) Excuse me, I ___________ hear you right now. The music is too loud.
l) I ___________ drive a truck when I was only sixteen years old.
m) Douglas hit the tree because he___________stop his car.
44
n) How many hot dogs ___________ you eat at one time?

o) I___________ read without my reading glasses. Where are they?
Put in ‘can’ / ‘can’t’ / ‘could’ / ‘couldn’t’. If none is possible, use ‘be able to’ in the correct
tense:
a) _________________ you swim when you were 10?
b) We _________________ get to the meeting on time yesterday because the train was
delayed by one hour.
c) He _________________ arrive at the party on time, even after missing the train, so he
was very pleased.
d) He’s amazing, he _________________ speak 5 languages including Chinese.
e) I _________________ drive a car until I was 34, then I moved to the countryside so I
had to learn.
f) I looked everywhere for my glasses but I _________________ find them anywhere.
g) I searched for your house for ages, luckily I _________________ find it in the end.
h) She’s 7 years old but she _________________ read yet – her parents are getting her
extra lessons.
i) I read the book three times but I _________________ understand it.
j) James _________________ speak Japanese when he lived in Japan, but he’s forgotten
most of it now. May be freely copied for personal or classroom use.
k) _________________ understand the chapter we had to read for homework. It was so
difficult.
l) I _________________ lift this box – it’s too heavy! Would you help me?
m) Lucy _________________ make it to our meeting after all. She’s stuck in traffic at the
moment.
n) John _________________ play tennis really well. He’s champion of his club.
o) Unfortunately, I really _________________ sing at all! No-one in my family is musical
either.
45
Modal Verbs – Must, Have to and Should
Essas duas palavras – have to e must – costumam causar confusão, pois são usadas com o
sentido de “dever” e “ter de”. O grande problema na verdade é que a maioria das pessoas faz
as traduções ao pé da letra e aí acha que a diferença entre have to e must é algo que existe e
deve ser observada.
Na verdade, em se tratando de sentenças afirmativas, a diferença entre have to e must

praticamente não existe. Ou seja, em inglês você poderá dizer:
Ex:
 You must be here at nine o’clock.
 You have to be here at nine o’clock.
 You must wear a tie.
 You have to wear a tie.
Portanto, em sentenças afirmativas, você pode usar have to ou must sem problemas. Elas são
intercambiáveis. Além disso, podem ser usadas tanto para expressar uma ideia no presente ou
uma ideia no futuro:
Ex:
 You must make your bed every day.
 You have to make your bed every day.
 You must be here on June 30th.
 You have to be here on June 30th.
Já para expressar uma ideia no passado, você não pode usar must. Afinal, assim como a
maioria dos modal verbs, must não possui uma forma no passado. Portanto, para dizer algo
no passado, você tem de usar apenas have to, ou melhor, had to.
Ex:
 You had to wear tie.
 We had to stay there for a while.
 She had to make her bed before leaving.
1
 They didn’t have to call us.
Em sentenças negativas há diferença. Para perceber a diferença entre have to e must em

sentenças negativas vejam as duas sentenças abaixo:
Ex:
 You must not do this.
 You don’t have to do this.
Must: é usado para expressar obrigação.

Ex:
 You must go to school. (Você deve ir à escola).
 She must study more. (Ela deve estudar mais).
Should e ought to: é usado para expressar um conselho.

Ex:
 You should go to the doctor. (Você deveria ir ao médico).
 You ought to quit smoking. (Você deveria parar de fumar).
Exercises:
Complete the sentences using the words listed in the box below. Negative and past forms
are also used in this lesson. Some gaps may have more than one correct answer.
must have to
a) I ___________ be at the meeting by 10:00. I will probably ___________take a taxi if I want to

be on time.
b) You ___________ submit the application if it has not been completely filled out. Check that
the name, address, and background information are correct. If the form is not accurate and
complete, you will be rejected and you will ___________ reapply at a later date.
c) Tina: Look at these flowers - they're beautiful! But, there's no card. Who could have sent
them? Stephanie: It ___________ have been David. He's the only one who would send you
flowers.
47
d) You ___________ forget to pay the rent tomorrow. The landlord is very strict about paying on
time.
e) You ___________ be so rude! Why don't you try saying "please" once in a while.
f) If you are over 18 in California, you ___________ take a driver training course to get a driver's
license. You can have a friend or a family member teach you instead. But remember, you
___________ still get your permit before you start practicing.
g) You ___________ be rich to be a success. Some of the most successful people I know haven't
got a penny to their name.
h) Ed: My car broke down in Death Valley last week. I ___________have it towed more than a
hundred miles to the nearest mechanic. Lilly: That ___________ have cost a fortune!
i) While hiking in Alaska, you ___________ keep an eye out for bears. If you see one, you
___________ approach it. They are beautiful animals; however, they are wild and
unpredictable in nature. You ___________ be afraid of them, but educating yourself about the
dangers can help keep you safe.
j) I ___________ go to work tomorrow because it is Memorial Day. The best thing about a day
off from work is that I ___________ get up at 6:00; I can sleep in till noon if I want to.
k) Yesterday, I ___________ cram all day for my French final. I didn't get to sleep until after
midnight.
l) Nate: Oh no! I completely forgot we were supposed to pick Jenny up at the airport. Barbara:
She ___________ still be sitting there waiting for us.
m) Ingrid received a scholarship to Yale University which will cover 100% of the tuition. She
___________ worry at all about the increasing cost of education.
n) When I was a child my grandmother was continually correcting our manners. She always used
to say, "One ___________ eat with one's mouth open." Or, she would correct us by saying,
"One ___________ rest one's elbows on the table." And every time I wanted to leave the
table, she would say, "One ___________ ask to be excused."
o) I've redone this math problem at least twenty times, but my answer is wrong according to the
answer key. The answer in the book ___________ be wrong!
Should shouldn't exercises. Choose the right forms of modal verb should or shouldn't to
complete the following sentences in English.
a) You __________ smoke in bed.
b) You __________ go to the opera in London. It’s great.
c) You __________ tell her about it. It’s too depressing.
48
d) You __________ cross the street at red traffic lights.

e) The doctor told him that he __________ eat less. He’s too fat.
f) I think you __________ spend less money on clothes. They’re too expensive.
g) That’s a fantastic book. You __________ read it.
h) He is often late to work. You __________ up earlier.
i) She __________ tell lies.
j) He’s fifteen. He __________ drive a car.
Look at the pictures and write about them. Remember to use Must, Have to and Should .
What cities are famous in your country? Why is famous?
___________________________________ ___________________________________
___________________________________ ___________________________________
___________________________________ ___________________________________
___________________________________ ___________________________________
___________________________________ ___________________________________
___________________________________ ___________________________________
___________________________________ ___________________________________
___________________________________ ___________________________________
___________________________________ ___________________________________
___________________________________ ___________________________________
___________________________________ ___________________________________
___________________________________ ___________________________________
___________________________________ ___________________________________
___________________________________ ___________________________________
___________________________________ ___________________________________
49
___________________________________ ___________________________________
___________________________________ ___________________________________
___________________________________ ___________________________________
___________________________________ ___________________________________
___________________________________ ___________________________________
___________________________________ ___________________________________
___________________________________ ___________________________________
___________________________________ ___________________________________
___________________________________ ___________________________________
___________________________________ ___________________________________
___________________________________ ___________________________________
___________________________________ ___________________________________
___________________________________ ___________________________________
___________________________________ ___________________________________
Modal Verbs – May - Might - Would
May: é usado para expressar uma possibilidade no presente ou no futuro. Também pode ser
usado para pedir permissão, no entanto, may é usado em contextos mais formais que o can.
Ex:
 It may rain tomorrow. (Pode chover amanhã).
 May I go to the bathroom? (Eu poderia ir ao banheiro?).
Might: é usado para expressar possibilidades no passado ou no presente.

Ex:
 She might have come to the party. (Ela poderia ter vindo à festa).
 He might have lunch with us tomorrow. (Ele pode vir almoçar com a gente amanhã).
50
Would: pode ser usado:

1. Para perguntas sobre possibilidades.
Ex:
 “How would you do that?” (Como você faria isso?)
 “What would you do if…?” (O que você faria se…?)
2. Para fazer um pedido educado ou oferecer algo.

Ex:
 “Would you like some tea?” (Você gostaria de chá?)
 “Would you help me, please?” (Você me ajudaria, por favor?)
3. Em situações hipotéticas.
Ex:
 “If I had a lot of Money, I would like to own a farm one day.” (Se eu tivesse muito
dinheiro, eu gostaria de ter uma fazenda um dia.)
 “I would love to buy a boat.” (Eu adoraria comprar um barco.)
Exercises:
Complete the sentences using the words listed in the box below.
Can, Could, May and Might
a) They (can/might) __________ be away for the weekend but I'm not sure.
b) You (may/might) __________ leave now if you wish.
c) (Could/May) __________ you open the window a bit, please?
d) He (can/could) __________ be French, judging by his accent.
e) (May/Can) __________ you play the piano?
f) Listen, please. You (may not/might not) __________ not speak during this exam.
g) They (can't/may not) __________ still be out!
h) You (couldn't/might not) __________ smoke on the bus.
i) With luck, tomorrow (can/could) __________ be a sunny day.
51
j) You (can/might) __________ be right but I'm going back to check anyway.
Complete the sentences using the words listed in the box below.
Can, Could, May, Should and Must
a) _____ I go to out with Judy, mom?

b) _____ I come in, teacher?
c) You _____ stop smoking.
d) I _____ swim 25 meters when I was a child.
e) Mary _____ break up her relationship with John. He is so bad for her.
f) You _____ not park here!
g) Halley _____ study more.
h) _____ she go to the doctor, Mr. Smith?
i) Everybody _____ be happy.
j) I think she _____ sleep early.
k) Mark _____ could play basketball when he was a child.
l) Anne _____ obey her parents.
m) Bill _____ talk with me yesterday.
n) He _____ do the exercise evryday, mom!
o) _____ I go to the bath, Dr. Campbell?
p) _____ I eat a piece of cake, Martha?
Mark True (T ) or false ( F):

( ) os modais não necessitam de auxiliares nas formas negativa e interrogativa
( ) os modais são invariáveis
( ) os modais não são considerados verbos auxiliares.
( ) quando se indica uma habilidade no passado, utilizamos CAN.
( ) o verbo SHOULD é usado para indicar uma proibição
Rewrite these sentences in the past. Using WOULD & WOULDN'T.

Example: Mary: I will be on time.
52
Mary said she would be on time. Mary said she would be on time.
a) Paul: My football team will win the premiership

___________________________________________________
b) Ann: Germany won't win the World Cup Football.

___________________________________________________
c) Jared: I won't be home until 11 o'clock.

___________________________________________________
d) Joe: Paul won't pass his exams

___________________________________________________
e) Paul and Ann: We'll get married in Spring

___________________________________________________
Rewrite these sentences and complete with will and would + verb.
a) Parents (repeat) the same things again and again.
________________________________________________
b) Ryan loved cooking ; he (helped) me to prepare every meal.
________________________________________________
c) We (took) a walk every afternoon, we couldn't do without it.
________________________________________________
d) He is lucky, he (sleeps) anywhere.
________________________________________________
e) They (invariably arrived) at 4 p.m whether we liked it or not.
________________________________________________
f) He (read) the paper before lunch, it was a habit with him.
________________________________________________
g) What a lazy man ! He (sits) there for hours doing nothing.
________________________________________________
h) We(inevitably spoke) about the same subjects.
________________________________________________
i) They (spend) hours playing cards because they love playing.
53
________________________________________________
j) He was a great talker. He (spoke) for hours and hours.
________________________________________________
Modal Verbs – Supposed to and Able to
Be supposed to é uma dessas expressões muito usadas em inglês.
Vamos aprender os três usos mais comuns dessa expressão:

I. O primeiro uso refere-se ao fato de dizer a uma pessoa o que ela deve ou não deve
fazer. Isso pode geralmente envolver uma regra ou algo estipulado por uma
autoridade (governo, pais, chefe, diretor, etc.).
Ex:
 I’m not supposed to tell anyone what really happened. (Eu não devo falar nada do
que aconteceu para ninguém.)
 What time are they supposed to be here? (A que horas eles devem estar aqui?)
 She’s supposed to help us. (Ela tem a obrigação de nos ajudar.)
 You’re not supposed to smoke here. (Não é permitido fumar aqui.)
II. O segundo uso dessa expressão tem a ver com o fato de que algo era esperado ou que
deveria ter acontecido. Trata-se de uma expectativa passada.
Ex:
 They were supposed to be here. (Era para eles estarem aqui.)
 The meeting was supposed to take place on Tuesday, but they called it off. (Era para
a reunião ter acontecido na terça-feira, mas eles a cancelaram.)
 No one was supposed to know about that. (Não era para ninguém saber disso.)
III. O terceiro uso de “be supposed to” expressa a ideia de que muita gente acredita
(acha, pensa) que algo é verdadeiro, mas você mesmo não acredita ou discorda da
opinião geral.
Ex:
 This house is supposed to be haunted. (Dizem que essa casa é assombrada.)
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 She is supposed to have a lot of money. (Dizem por aí que ela tem muito dinheiro.)
 This restaurant is supposed to make excelent saladas. (Dizem que este restaurante
serve excelentes saladas.)
Alguém espera que você faça alguma coisa no presente ou no futuro:
Singular Plural
I'm supposed to go We're supposed to go
You're supposed to go You're supposed to go
He's supposed to go
She's supposed to go They're supposed to go
It's supposed to go
Alterar o verbo " be " para " was " ou " were " para dizer que alguém espera que você faça
alguma coisa no passado:
Singular Plural
I was supposed to go We were supposed to go
You were supposed to go You were supposed to go
He was supposed to go
She was supposed to go They were supposed to go
It was supposed to go
****(be) supposed to só pode ser usado com as formas “present” e “past tense” do verbo
“be”.
Be able to – ser capaz de, também pode ser traduzido de formas diferentes dependendo do
contexto. As traduções mais comuns, no entanto, serão: conseguir e poder.
Ex:
 Will you be able to do that by tomorrow? (Você vai conseguir fazer isso até
amanhã?)
 He may not be able to come next week. (É provável que ele não possa vir na próxima
semana.)
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 I haven’t been able to sleep well recently. (Eu não tenho conseguido dormir bem
ultimamente.)
 Are you going to be able to sell this old car? (Você vai conseguir vender esse carro
velho?)
Vale ressaltar que “be able to” muitas vezes pode ser usado no lugar de “can”, quando
expressam sentido de capacidade, habilidade ou possibilidade de fazer algo, embora não seja
muito frequente, ou seja, sempre que der, use o “can” mesmo.
“be able to” geralmente é usado com palavras (verbos) como “will”, “would”, “should”, “may”,
“might”, “have”.
Ex:
 You should be able to do that in less than an hour. (Você deveria conseguir fazer isso
em menos de uma hora.)
 They have been able to come here every day. (Eles têm conseguido vir aqui todos os
dias.)
 Will he be able to become an architect? (Ele vai conseguir ser um arquiteto?)
 She might not be able to cope with this. (É provável que ela não consiga lidar com
isso.)
**** Diferentemente dos demais modal verbs, a expressão “be able to” se conjuga em todos
os tempos.
Exercises:
Write the phrases in brackets in their correct forms into the gaps.
a) Last week we ______________ swimming, this week we can't. (can/to go)
b) Maybe the Smiths ______________ a new house next year. (can/to build)
c) If you try hard, you ______________ your examinations. (can/to pass)
d) When I was five, I ______________. (not/can/to swim)
e) Dennis ______________ the trumpet after four months. (can/to play)
f) Luke has passed his driving test, now he ______________ a car. (can/to drive)
g) I ______________ to him on the phone for three weeks last month. (not/can/to
speak)
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h) Alex ______________ his homework when his desk is in such a mess. (not/can/to do)
i) They were so busy, they ______________ me. (not/can/to text)
j) Lisa ______________ her dress. She can wear it again. (can/to clean)
Put the correct form of either "can" or "be able to" for each sentence. Only use "be able to"
if absolutely necessary!
a) I haven't ______________ concentrate recently at work. I don't know what it is.
b) My brother ______________ cook very well. He is a chef in a French restaurant.
c) When he was only 2, my friend Lee ______________ speak quite well.
d) I have to go to a business dinner tomorrow night so I ______________ (not) come to
the party. I'm very sorry.
e) Kevin lived in Italy for six years, so he must ______________ speak Italian quite well.
He will help you with your homework.
f) This telephone is terrible. I ______________ (not) hear you at all.
g) When the car drove into the lake, one of the passengers ______________ (not) open
the door and had to be rescued.
h) Despite the arrival of the storm, they ______________ finish the football match.
i) When I was very young, I used to ______________ touch my toes, but I can't now!!
j) The house was totally empty all day yesterday and I ______________ finish that book I
was reading.
k) My mother tells me that her grandfather was one of the best musicians of his time in
the city and ______________ play the piano like a professional.
l) I hope to ______________ speak English very well after this course finishes.
Choose the correct substitute for each modal verb.

a) We ought to win the race. → (are able to/ are allowed to/ are supposed to)
We ____________________ win the race.
b) I can swim. → (have to/ am able to/ am supposed to)
I ____________________ swim.
c) You must meet my best friend. → (have to/ are able to/ are allowed to)
You ____________________meet my best friend.
d) He should be in bed by now. → (has to/ is allowed to/ is supposed to)
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He ____________________ be in bed by now.

e) I must get up early. → (have to/ am able to/ am allowed to)
I ____________________ get up early.
f) They may stay up late. → (have to/ are allowed to/ are supposed to)
They ____________________stay up late.
g) She needs to see the doctor. → (has to/ is able to/ is allowed to)
She ____________________ see the doctor.
h) We need not walk. → (do not have to/ are not able to/ are not supposed to)
We ____________________walk.
i) You must not sleep → (do not have to/ are not able to/ are not allowed to)
You ____________________ sleep.
j) Should I go to the cinema with them? → (am I able to/am I allowed to/ am I supposed to)
____________________ go to the cinema with them?
Will – Going to
“Will” quando usado para falar de algo no futuro geralmente vem acompanhado de
expressões que indicam incerteza, que indicam que a pessoa até tem intenção de fazer algo,
porém não tem certeza de que poderá/conseguirá fazê-lo.
Ex:
 I think… (Eu acho que…)
 Probably, … (Provavelmente, …)
 I guess… (Eu acho…)
 I’m not sure, but I think… (Não tenho certeza, mas acho que…)
 I don’t know, but I think… (Num sei não, mas acho que…)
 Maybe… (Talvez…)
Todas elas são expressões que indicam incerteza em inglês. Como as expressões de incerteza
estão presentes nas sentenças a palavra que geralmente é usada para expressar o futuro
nesses casos é “will”.
Ex:
 I will probably go to salvador in December. (Eu provavelmente vou para Salvador em
dezembro.)
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 I don’t know! But I think I will not go to the party next Saturday. (Não sei não, mas
acho que não vou à festa no sábado que vem.)
 Maybe we will not be here tomorrow. (Talvez nós não estaremos aqui amanhã.)
Going to é usada para situações que indiquem em que você planejou algo com antecedência
e/ou tem certeza de que vai acontecer.
Sujeito + Verbo to be + going to + verbo no infinitivo (sem conjugação) + resto da frase.
Ex:
 I am going to travel to Italy on December. (A pessoa já tem a viagem planejada e a
menos que aconteça algum imprevisto, ela irá viajar para a Itália)
 She is gonna paint her house green. (Ela está planejando pintar a casa de verde e irá
fazer isso)
 It’s going to rain. (Ninguém planejou a chuva, porém as nuvens escuras indicam que a
probabilidade de chover é alta)
Exercises:
Be Going To Will
Uses Uses
1 - plans and intentions 3 - immediate decisions

I’m going to visit my aunt next Friday I’ll have the salad and the fish
2 - when you can see what's going to happen 4 - predictions
When the boss sees this, she is going to go People will work more from home in the
crazy future
Number the use in the boxes and then fill the gaps with the verbs in brackets in the correct
form.
a) Sally: There's no milk left!

Betty: Oh. I _______________ some from the shop. (get)
b) The population of Valencia _______________ 2 million by the year 2010.
(reach)
c) Mum: I told you to tidy up your room.
Son: Sorry, Mum, I forgot. I _______________ it after lunch.(do)
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d) Sally: Why don't we meet for coffee on Friday morning?

Willy: Sorry. I can't. I _______________ the doctor then. (see)
e) "Tomorrow _______________ a bright and sunny day everywhere in Spain,
except in La Coruña," said the weatherwoman. (be)
f) Look at that big black cloud. I think it _______________ . (rain)
g) Sally: What are your plans for the week-end?
h) Betty: Brad Pitt phoned. We _______________ on a picnic. (go)
i) Betty: Have you booked the flights yet?
Sally: Don't worry. It's all organized. I _______________ to the travel agent's
tomorrow morning. (go)
j) In the future people _______________ bigger heads. (have)
k) If we miss the bus, we _______________ a taxi. (take)
l) Next month I _______________ a DVD player. (buy)
m) When _______________ you _______________ another party? (have)
n) I've got to go to the dentist this morning. _______________ you
_______________ with me? (come)
o) Oh no! I think I _______________ . (sneeze)
p) Fanny: I can't open this jar.
Leslie: Give it to me. I _______________ it. (do)
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INTERMEDIÁRIO 3
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Some / Any
 Some – use somente em –> Frases Afirmativas + Perguntas Polidas

É utilizado em sentenças afirmativas, e só é utilizado em frases interrogativas quando se
deseja fazer um oferecimento, um pedido, ou quando se espera que o interlocutor dê uma
resposta afirmativa.
QUANDO USAR O SOME?
Somente em frases na forma afirmativa com substantivos contáveis ou

incontáveis.
 Any – use somente em –> Frases Negativas + Perguntas

É utilizado em sentenças negativas e interrogativas e, além do significado algum, alguns,
alguma ou algumas ele também pode significar nenhum e nenhuma. O Any pode ser utilizado
em sentenças afirmativas: ao ser utilizado depois do If; caso possua o sentido de qualquer; ou
caso tenha alguma palavra na sentença que transmita uma ideia negativa à frase, como
seldom, never, rarely, without e etc.
QUANDO USAR O ANY?
Em frases na forma negativa ou interrogativa com substantivos contáveis ou

incontáveis.
I. Usa-se some em frases afirmativas com o sentido de “algum” (e seus derivados)
 I’m going to buy some clothes. – Vou comprar algumas (umas) roupas.
 There’s some milk in the fridge. – Tem algum (um pouco de) leite na geladeira.
 We made some mistakes. – Cometemos alguns erros.
II. Usa-se any em frases negativas com o sentido de “nenhum” (e seus derivados)
 I’m not going to buy any clothes. – Não vou comprar nenhuma roupa.
 There isn’t any milk in the fridge. – Não tem nenhum (nem um pouco de) leite na
geladeria.
 We didn’t make any mistakes. – Não cometemos nenhum erro.
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Any e Some em perguntas
I. Geralmente usamos any em perguntas.
 Are you going to buy any clothes? – Você vai comprar algumas (umas) roupas?
 Is there any milk in the fridge? – Tem algum (um pouco de) leite na geladeira?
 Did we make any mistakes? – Cometemos alguns erros?
II. Usamos some (e não any) quando oferecemos ou pedimos algo:
 Would you like some coffee? – Gostaria de um (pouco de) café?

 Can I have some more water, please? – Me traz mais um pouco de água, por favor?
 Can you lend me some money? – Me empresta um (pouco de) dinheiro?
Sem substantivos
Podemos também usar some e any sem substantivos, quando estes estiverem subentendidos.
Perceba que muitas vezes não traduzimos some e any para o português.
 I didn’t take any pictures, but she took some. – Não tirei nenhuma foto, mas ela tirou
algumas. [some pictures]
 You can have some coffee, but I don’t want any. – Você pode tomar (um pouco de)
café, mas eu não quero. [any coffee]
 I just made some coffee. Would you like some? – Acabei de fazer café. Você gostaria?
[some coffee]
 “Where’s your luggage?” “I don’t have any.” – “Onde está sua bagagem?” “Não
tenho.” [any luggage]
Exercises:
Fill the sentences with “some” or “any”.
a) I don’t have __________ money.

b) There is __________ orange juice in the fridge.
c) Can I have __________wine, please?
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d) There isn’t __________ soda at home.

e) She doesn’t want __________ food.
f) Are there __________books on the table?
g) If you need __________ help, just let me know.
h) I didn’t eat __________ food, but he ate __________.
i) I’m going to buy __________ new CDs.
j) Could you bring me __________ water, please?
k) Is there __________ shampoo?
l) You can take __________ bus to the station.
Complete the sentences below with some and any.
a) I'm going to buy ____________ potatoes.

b) We have ___________ bread, please, go out to buy ___________.
c) I'm hungry. Can I have ___________ cookies, please?
d) Do you have ____________ brothers and sisters?
e) He didn't make ___________ mistake.
f) Today I can pay, I brought ___________ money.
g) There aren't ___________ banks in this part of the city.
h) My cousins don't have _____________ children.
i) There are ___________ beautiful flowers in the park.
j) Are there ___________ letters for me?
k) I haven't got ________ tickets this year, but my sister got ____________ .
l) Do you know ___________ good restaurants in São Paulo?
m) Would you like ________ cake?
n) Last vacation, we visited _____________ very interesting places.
o) I went to the grocery store to buy __________ milk, but there isn't ___________.
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Comparatives e Superlatives
Usamos a forma comparativa para comparar duas coisas e a forma superlativa para dizer que
algo/ alguém é superior em algo.
Comparativos
Uma sílaba: Adicionamos er para formar o comparativo da maioria dos adjetivos com uma
sílaba:
Ex: Curitiba is smaller than Sao Paulo. / Curitiba é menor que São Paulo.
clean - cleaner
cold - colder
tall - taller
Adjetivos como hot, big, fat, sad, wet (isto é, se os verbos forem formados por consoante, vogal,
consoante - ou se terminarem com esta sequência), dobramos a consoante final:
hotter, bigger, fatter, sadder, wetter.
Duas sílabas com 'y' (heavy): Se o adjetivo tiver duas sílabas e terminar em 'y', trocamos o 'y'
por 'i' e acrescentamos er:
Ex: Is an elephant heavier than a horse? Um elefante é mais pesado que um cavalo?
busy - busier
pretty - prettier
noizy - noisier
Se o adjetivo tiver duas sílabas e não terminar com 'y', seguiremos a regra das três sílabas,
como segue abaixo:
Três ou mais sílabas: Usamos more antes de adjetivos com três sílabas ou mais:
Ex: This car is more comfortable than that one. Este carro é mais confortável que aquele.
expensive - more expensive

beautiful - more beautiful
handsome - more handsome
upset - more upset (duas sílabas não terminando com 'y')
boring - more boring (duas sílabas não terimando com 'y')
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Com alguns adjetivos de duas sílabas como (clever, common, narrow, pleasant, quiet, simple,
stupid) podemos usar as duas formas:
Ex: cleverer ou more clever
commoner ou more common etc
Superlativos
Uma sílaba: Formamos o superlativo acrescentando est ao adjetivo:
Ex: I have the smallest car. Eu tenho o menor carro (de todos).
clean - cleanest
cold - coldest
tall - tallest
Duas sílabas com 'y' (heavy): Se o adjetivo tiver duas sílabas e terminar em 'y', trocamos o 'y'
por 'i' e acrescentamos est:
Ex: He is the heaviest. Ele é o mais pesado (de todos)
busy - busiest
pretty - prettiest
noizy - noisiest
Três ou mias sílabas: usamos most antes de adjetivos com três ou mais sílabas:
Ex: Who has the most comfortable car? Quem tem o carro mais confortável? (de todos)
expensive - most expensive

beautivul - most beautiful
handsome - most handsome
Irregular comparatives:
bad worse the worst
far farther the farthest
good better the best
Little less the least
Much, many more the most
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Ex: He has the most money = Ele é quem tem mais dinheiro.
She has the least money = Ela é quem tem menos dinheiro.
Exercises:
Fill in the correct form of the words in brackets (comparative or superlative).
a) My house is (big) _______________than yours.
b) This flower is (beautiful) _______________than that one.
c) This is the (interesting) _______________book I have ever read.
d) Non-smokers usually live (long) _______________than smokers.
e) Which is the (dangerous) _______________animal in the world?
f) A holiday by the sea is (good) _______________than a holiday in the mountains.
g) It is strange but often a coke is (expensive) _______________than a beer.
h) Who is the (rich) _______________woman on earth?
i) The weather this summer is even (bad) _______________than last summer.
j) He was the (clever) _______________thief of all.
Put the adjectives between brackets in the correct form

a) My brother has a (tidy) _______________room than me.
b) Australia is (big) _______________ than England.
c) I'm (good) _______________now than yesterday.
d) She's got (little) _______________money than you, but she doesn't care.
e) He thinks Chinese is (difficult) _______________ language in the world
f) Valencia played (bad) _______________than Real Madrid yesterday.
g) Cats are not (intelligent) _______________as dogs.
h) Show me (good) _______________restaurant downtown.
i) (hot) _______________desert of all is the Sahara and it's in Africa.
j) Who is (talkative_______________in your family?
Choose whether each sentence requires the comparative or superlative form:

a) There are 10 houses on our street. Our house is the ________ one.
biggest
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bigger
b) My brother sings better than I do, but I play guitar ________ than he does.
the best
better
c) This is ________ song I have ever heard!

better
the best
d) Tom is ________ than I am.

stronger
the strongest
e) Out of all the students in our class, I am ________.

the shortest
shorter
f) Everyone says that my sister is ________ than I am.

the best looking
better looking
g) She is ________ girl in our school.

the best looking
better looking
h) This is boring. Let's do something ________.

the most interesting
more interesting
i) This isn't ________ book I have ever read.

more interesting
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the most interesting
j) Your apartment is ________ than mine.

cleaner
the cleanest
COMPARATIVE OR SUPERLATIVE??
a) We ́ve got (big) problems to worry about _________________

b) Which is (high) mountains in the world? _________________
c) Is it much (cold) in New York? _________________
d) Those were (happy) days of my childhood _________________
e) You ŕ e (lucky) person in the world _________________
f) You ŕ e (lucky) than I am _________________
g) She was much (fat) the last time I saw her _________________
h) The film was (boring) than I expected _________________
i) These are too large, Do you have any (small) ones? _________________
j) Was she (young) girl in the group? _________________
k) He is (lazy) now than he ever was _________________
l) That is (expensive) picture in the shop _________________
m) He was driving (fast) than usual _________________
n) I worked (hard) than John _________________
o) It probably takes (long) than an hour _________________
p) This is the (bad) thing that could ever happen to me _________________
q) My (old) sister is a doctor _________________
r) It ́s (bad) than I thought _________________
s) It ś (cold) today than it was yesterday _________________
Present Perfect
O presente perfect é utilizado para falar de ações que ocorreram no passado, mas com
algumas questões específicas.
Forma do Verbo
O present perfect é formado pelo verbo auxiliar have/has e o verbo principal na forma
nominal particípio (verbos regulares terminados em ed, como walked, e verbos irregulares de
acordo com seu formato específico, como written). Esse tempo verbal tem várias formas de
utilização, cada uma com sua regra.
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Utiliza-se o present perfect para descrever ações que iniciaram no passado e se estendem até
o presente.
Ex: I have studied at school since 7 o’clock. (Eu tenho estudado na escola desde às sete
horas)
They have learned about music since last year. (Eles têm aprendido sobre música desde
ano passado)
Utiliza-se o present perfect para descrever ações que vêm ocorrendo recentemente.
Ex: They have been sad recently. (Eles têm estado tristes recentemente)
We have run every day in the park. (Nós temos corrido todos os dias no parque)
Utiliza-se o present perfect para descrever ações que acabaram de ocorrer.

Ex: We have just finished our work. (Nós acabamos de terminar nosso trabalho)
She has just read the magazine. (Ela acabou de ler a revista)
Utiliza-se o present perfect para descrever ações que ocorreram em um momento indefinido
do passado.
Ex: You have played video game for a long time. (Você tem jogado vídeo game por um
longo tempo)
I have cooked for you. (Eu tenho cozinhado para vocês)
Negativa
O negativo do present perfect é formado pelo acréscimo do “not” a frase (forma contraída:
haven’t / hasn’t)
Ex: He has not (hasn’t) traveled to São Paulo. (Ele não tem viajado para São Paulo)
I have not (haven’t) bought ice cream. (Eu não tenho comprado sorvete)
Interrogativa
A interrogativa do present perfect é formado pela alteração da posição do verbo “to have”
(have/has) na frase, ficando posicionado antes do sujeito.
Ex: Have they seem this film many times? (Eles têm visto esse filme muitas vezes?)
Has she danced every day? (Ela tem dançado todos os dias?)
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Desse modo, o present perfect é um tempo verbal utilizado para descrever ações que ainda
não terminaram ou ações passadas que finalizaram em um tempo indefinido do passado.
Exercises:
Supply the present perfect tense of the verbs given:

Ex: I have already written the book. (write)
a) He_______________________________here for three months. (work)
b) They ________________________________ to Australia many times. (go)
c) __________________ you ever________________ to Paris? (be)
d) My family __________________________________me recently. (visit)
e) My parents ________________________________yet. (not arrive)
Make sentences in the present perfect with the words below:
a) (They / study / English)
___________________________________________________________
b) (He / eat / French fries)
____________________________________________________________
c) (Their family / go / to Italy)
____________________________________________________________
d) (I / read / that book)
____________________________________________________________
e) (They / live / here for five weeks)
____________________________________________________________
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Use: since, so far, for, in the sentences below.
f) she has studied here _______________ 2000.

g) They have been married ________________ five years.
h) We have stayed here _______________ now.
i) My sister has lived in Ney York __________________ 1999.
j) My father have worked that office _______________ six years.
Rewrite the sentences without the contrac form. Use is or has in sentences:
a) julie’s beautiful girl.
_______________________________________________________
b) she’s traveled to London.
_______________________________________________________
c) he’s studied a lot to test.
_______________________________________________________
Use the present perfect continuous in the sentences below:
a) I do my job.
_____________________________________________________
b) they dance for two hours.
_____________________________________________________
c) she study English lately.
_____________________________________________________
d) Julie sleep for 4 hours.
_____________________________________________________
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Rewrite the sentences below:
a) my/ painter/ a/ good/ is
_____________________________________________________
b) wait/ me/ for/you
_____________________________________________________
c) to clean/ house/my/I/need
_____________________________________________________
d) we/ hairdresser/go/to/now
____________________________________________________
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Atividades Extras
A DAY OUT
Jose Luis: So where are your friends?
Lucia: I can't see them. Oh, look! There they are - They're getting out of that taxi.
Claudine: Sorry, we're late.
Lucia: Never mind. You don't usually arrive late.
Marielle: No, we usually arrive early. But we're glad you're still waiting for us.
Lucia: José Luis, these are Claudine and Marielle.
They come from France and they are staying at a college dormitory.
Claudine: Hello.
Marielle: Hi.
José Luis: Hello! I'm José Luis from Mexico.
Lucia: Come on. Let's get on the bus. It's just leaving. On the bus.
José Luis: Do you like the dorm, Marielle?
Claudine: That's true, but I hate the food.
José Luis: We always have wonderful meals in our house!
Lucia: Oh, yes, the Youngs look after us. And I'm looking after you today.
Claudine: Oh, great! You have some potato chips - and some chocolate!
Marielle: Claudine doesn't like dorm food, but she loves junk food.
NOTES:
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MEETING LADY LIBERTY
Marielle: Wow! Manhattan looks beautiful from here.
José Luis: Isn't it lovely?
Lucia: The view is better from the crown of the statue.
Marielle: How do we get to the top? What does it say in the guidebook?
Lucia: Let me see... it says there is "a narrow spiral staircase of 354
small triangular steps...but there's an elevator too...
Claudine: What a long line!
José Luis: You can go to the museum if you don't want to go up. There are many pictures and
models showing how the statue was made, the design problems, financial difficulties, etc.
Claudine: Ugh! That sounds boring to me.
Lucia: Here's some interesting information for you French girls: this famous statue is a gift
from the French people to the American people on the 100th anniversary of their
independence.
Claudine: How nice! Let's climb up on our present, then...
Marielle: This is fascinating, but all this sightseeing is making me tired.
Claudine: And it's making me hungry!
José Luis: And my feet are hurting!
Lucia: Ok, let's go back then. I know a little café in lower Manhattan where we can have
coffee and cake, sandwiches, or maybe ice cream. NOTES
Claudine: Ice cream - that sounds fantastic!
José Luis: Claudine, I think you have a sweet tooth!
75
AT THE CAFÉ
Claudine: Have you ordered yet?
Lucia: Yes, I've just ordered coffee for all.
José Luis: And she's asked for lots of cream for you.
Claudine: Has she asked for lots of sugar, too?
Marielle: Yes, and some pastries. Now sit down.
Claudine: Oh, they have sundaes here! José Luis, have you ever had a hot fudge
sundae?
José Luis: No, I haven't.
Marielle: Mm, it tastes delicious! I want one. I haven't had any ice cream in a
while. Let's order some!
Claudine: Yes! I want mine with lots of whipped cream.
Lucia: It's nice and quiet in here.
José Luis: Yes. There aren't that many tourists in this area... Oh dear,
I've had too many pastries.
Lucia: Phew, I had too much coffee.
Claudine: And I've had too much ice cream.
Marielle: I think we've all had too much to eat.
Lucia: And there are still a lot of things to do here in downtown.
NOTES
76
SHOPPING FOR SOUVENIRS
Claudine: Lucia, how long have you known José Luis?
Lucia: Not for very long. In fact, only since last Sunday.
Claudine: Oh, really? You're only known him for a week? He seems very
nice.
Lucia: Yes, I like him. We've had a lot of fun together.
José Luis: How long have you been in New York, Marielle?
Marielle: I've been here since March.
José Luis: I've only been here for a week, but so much has happened.
Marielle: Have you been to the US before?
José Luis: No, I haven't. But I'm really enjoying it.
Marielle: What have you bought?
José Luis: Oh, it's a little present for Lucia to say thank you.
Marielle: Oh, no! Claudine has knocked something over.
Claudine: What have I done? Oh, my goodness!
Lucia: Never mind. It's only a cheap glass ashtray.
Claudine: I'm really sorry. How much is it?
Vendor: Don't worry about it. We haven't sold any of them for years, anyway.
People don't smoke any more.
NOTES
77
A POST CARD TO THE FAMILY
Dear Mom and Dad,
I'm writing to you in English because I've learned so much already. It really isn't so
difficult! The youngs are very friendly, and I've met so many nice people. Two other
students live in the house - a very nice girl from Italy and a boy from Japan. We've done
some interesting things and the weather has been all right. I need some more books for my
course.
Could i have some money? I hope you're
all well. Love, José Luis
PS 60 dollars should be enough
NOTES
Dear Mommy, Daddy, Grandma, Alfonso, and Beppo,
I'm having a wonderful time. My English is very good now.
We have a new student in the house. His name is José Luis and he comes
from Mexico. He's very nice. We've visited a lot of interesting places,
like the Statue of Liberty and the Empire State Building, and we've had
lots of ice cream and pastries too. I've put on six pounds since January.
I should go on a diet - in fact I must go on a diet!
Could you send me some photos of the family with your next letter?
Lots of Love and kisses,
Lucia.
78
A FASHION SHOW
Mrs Young. Hello, Lucia! Look what I've bought.
Lucia: Oh, what lovely clothes!
Mrs Young: They aren't all for me. I've bought some shirts and a pair of pants for my husband.
Lucia: Mm, very sharp.
Mrs Young: Yes, I have to buy all his clothes for him.
And a plain cotton shirt is as expensive as a fancy silk blouse!
Lucia: This green dress is nice!
Mrs. Young: I think the red skirt is sharper than the dress.
Lucia: And it goes with this red and white blouse. And look at this hat!
Mrs Young: Yes, I'm wearing that outfit for a wedding we're going to. Do you think it looks
elegant?
Lucia: Oh, sure! Could I try on the hat?
Mrs Young: Yes, of course... You look nicer in it than me!
Lucia: I love red.
Mrs. Young: Oh, dear. I don't think this skirt fits me. It's too small - or I'm getting fatter!
Lucia: I have to lose weight too. We can both go on a diet. It's easier to do it together.
Mrs. Young: Ok, but we must begin immediately! The wedding is in three weeks!
Lucia: Oh, boy!
NOTES
79
MONEY MATTERS
NOTES
Akio: Hi, José Luis. How are you?
José Luis: Not so good. Life is getting more difficult.
Akio: THat's bad news. What's the problem?
José Luis: I'm short of money. Could you lend me some cash?
Akio: Sure. How much do you want?
José Luis: Well, maybe sixty dollars?
Akio: Sorry, I can't lend you more than twenty.
José Luis: That's fine. I might borrow the rest from Lucia.
Akio: Okay. I could get some money from the ATM this afternoon. You can come with me.
José Luis: Is it far?
Akio: No, it's just down the road.
José Luis: All right, I might come then.
At the ATM - Automatic Teller Machine.
José Luis: I don't have a debit card.
Akio: You should get one. They're more useful than checks. You can get
money twenty-four hours a day and on weekends.
José Luis: I have a bank account in Mexico, but I really must get a
debit card.
Akio: Yes, then you don't have to change money - or borrow it! Here you
are - Here's a twenty-dollar bill.
80
A CRISIS
Lucia: What's the matter, Akio? You look worried. NOTES
Akio: I've lost my debit card.
Lucia: Oh, no! What are you going to do?
Akio: Well, I'm not going to panic.
Lucia: Good. I'm sure everything's going to be all right. Why don't you
report it to the police right away?
Akio: I'm going to. But first of all I'm going to call my bank in Osaka.
Lucia: Do you have the telephone number?
Akio: Yes, I have it in my address book upstairs.
Lucia: Shall I lend you some money?
Akio: No, thanks. José Luis is going to give me back my twenty dollars this afternoon.
Lucia: Ah, here he is.
José Luis: Akio! You aaren't going to believe this.
Akio: I know. You don't have my money.
José Luis: Yes, I have it. But I have your debit card too. I just found it
on the kitchen table!
Akio: Oh, thank goodness!
Lucia: Well, I've got some good news, too. Mr. and Mrs. Young are going to
take us out to the countryside on Monday
José Luis: On Monday?
Lucia: Yes, Monday is Columbus Day.
Akio: Let me explain, José Luis - But first give
me my twenty dollars and my debit card.
81
A PICNIC
Mr. Young: Hm, the gas is low. But we're nearly there. We'll get some on
the way back.
Mrs. Young: Yes, it's only half a mile. Drive slowly and I'll tell you when
to turn left.
Mr. Young: Ah, here's the perfect place for a picnic!
Lucia: I'll unpack the food if you like.
Mrs. Young: José Luis, could you open this bottle of wine?
José Luis: Certainly. And I'll try it for, too.
Lucia: No, you won't! You'll put out the knives and forks...
Akio: .. and the plates and glasses - and do it carefully. Mr. Young will try the wine.
Mr. Young: No, I won't have any wine. I'm driving.
Mrs. Young: No, no. I'll drive back if you want.
Mr. Young: Oh, will you?
Mrs. Young: Yes. I'll just have water. Is this my glass?
Lucia: Yes, that's yours. Mine's over there.
Mr. Young: Well, let me pour the wine, then.
Lucia: Just a small glass for me, please - and for the boys!
José Luis: Oh, but it'll be good for our English!
Akio: Yes, we'll speak the language more fluently!
José Luis: And we won't make any more silly faults.
Mrs. Young: We won't make any more silly mistakes, José Luis!. NOTES
82
THE ENVIRONMENT
Mrs. Young: We won't want any supper tonight!
José Luis: No, we won't. We've eaten so much.
Mr. Young: Yes, we certainly have! but we must get back, and I need some
gas.
Mrs. Young: Shall we clear up, then?
José Luis: Yes, And we mustn't leave any litter.
Lucia: Can you hand me those bottles over there?
José Luis: Which ones? The empty ones?
Lucia: Yes. I'll put them in that trash can behind those trees.
Mrs. Young: Don't do that, Lucia. You mustn't throw bottles in ordinary
trash.
Mr. Young: We'll take them back and put them in the recycling bin. Every
week, the city collects bottles and cans and takes them to a recycling
plant. Newspapers too.
José Luis: Haven't you leard of environmental conversation, Lucia?
Mrs. Young: You mean conservation! I think you've had too much wine, José
Luis!
NOTES
83
EXTRAS:
List Prepositions
about (a cerca de, a respeito de)

above (acima, acima de, por cima)
after (depois)
across (através, do outro lado de)
against (contra, em oposição a)
among (entre, no meio de) usado para três ou mais: pessoas, objetos e animais.
arround (ao redor de, aqui e alí)
at (em, de, no, na, perto, etc...)
before (antes de, diante de, em frente de)
behind (atrás, depois de )
below (abaixo, abaixo de, inferior)
beside (ao lado de junto de)
besides (além de, além disso)
between (entre, no meio de) usado para duas: pessoas, objetos e animais.
beyond (além de, fora de) referindo-se a compreesão, limite, alcance.
but (exceto, menos, salvo, fora de)
by (por, ao lado de, pelo, pela, etc...)
for (por, para, em lugarde, etc...)
from (de, proveniênte de, desde, apartir de, da parte de)
in (dentro, em)
into (dentro, para dentro, em)
near (perto de, junto de)
of (de, do, da)
off (fora, fora de) indica separação, distância. ex: the man feel off the bicycle, take off your coat.
on, upon (em, sobre, em cima, no, na, etc...)
out of (fora de)
over (sobre, por cima) indica movimento sobre. ex: a horse jumped over the fence.
since (desde, desde então)
through (por, pelo, pela, através) through out (por toda parte, do começo ao fim)
to (para, em direção a, ao)
towards (em direção a, para)
under (debaixo de, abaixo, sob)
84
until (até)
up (acima, para cima)
with (com, por meio de)
within (dentro de, no período de) ex: I'll be back within one hour.
without (fora de, sem, destituido de)
at the bus stop [no ponto de ônibus, na parada de ônibus]
at the door [na porta, à porta]
at the top of the page [no topo da página, no alto da página]
at the bottom of the page [na parte debaixo da página]
on the floor [no chão, no assoalho]
on the wall [na parede]
on the tree [na árvore]
on the grass [na grama]
on a horse [no cavalo, a cavalo]
on a bycicle [na bicicleta, de bicicleta]
on the motorbike [na moto, de moto]
in the north of Brazil [no norte do Brasil]
in the country [no campo]
in a town [na cidade]
in bed [na cama]
at home [em casa]
in the sky [no céu]
on the bus [no ônibus]
on the train [no trem]
on the subway [no metrô]
on the plane [no avião]
on the ship [no navio]
in the car [no carro]
in the cab [no táxi]
85
in the taxi [no táxi]
in the middle of [no meio de]
in hospital [no hospital]
at university [na universidade]
at college [na universidade]
at my brother’s house [na casa do meu irmão]
on the right [à direita]
on the left [à esquerda]
on the way [a caminho de]
on the way home [a caminho de casa]
at a party [em uma festa]
at a concert [em um show]
at work [no trabalho]
at school [na escola]
on the first floor [no primeiro andar]
on the second floor [no segundo andar]
on the third floor [no terceiro andar]
at the doctor’s [no médico]
at the dentit’s [no dentista]
at the airport [no aeroporto]
on a farm [em uma fazenda]
in a picture [em uma foto, em um quadro]
in a book [em um livro]
at a soccer match [em um partida de futebol]
MAKE EXPRESSIONS
make an agreement - fazer um acordo
make an announcement (to) - fazer uma comunicação oficial
86
make an appointment (with) - marcar uma hora
make arrangements (for) - fazer preparos
make an attempt (to) - fazer uma tentativa
make it back - retornar ao ponto de partida
make the bed - fazer a cama
make believe - fazer de conta
make breakfast (dinner, a sandwich) - preparar o café da manhã (a janta, um sanduíche)
make a choice - fazer uma escolha
make a clean copy - passar a limpo
make it clear (to) - deixar claro
make a complaint (about) - apresentar queixa, reclamar
make a date (with) - marcar um encontro
make a deal (with) - fazer um negócio, negociar
make a decision (about) - decidir, tomar uma decisão
make a (any, no) difference (to) - fazer diferença
make do with - contentar-se com o que tem
make a down payment - dar de entrada, dar um sinal
make an effort (to) - fazer um esforço
make an excuse (for) - arranjar uma desculpa
make a face (at) - fazer careta
make a fool of someone - fazer alguém de bobo
make for - dirigir-se a
make friends (with) - fazer amizade
make fun of - ridicularizar
make a fuss (about, over something) - criar confusão devido à preocupação excessiva
make a fuss (over someone) - dar atenção afetuosa, mimar
make good - cumprir com o prometido
make a good/bad impression (on) - causar boa/má impressão
87
make someone happy - fazer ficar feliz, deixar feliz
make an investment - investir, fazer um investimento
make a list (of ) - fazer uma lista
make a living - ganhar a vida
make mistakes (in) - cometer erros
make money - ganhar dinheiro
make the most of (something) - aproveitar ao máximo
make someone nervous - deixar alguém nervoso
make noise - fazer barulho
make an observation - fazer uma observação
make an offer - fazer uma oferta
make out - entender o significado; beijar, namorar; sair-se; preencher (um cheque)
make a payment - fazer um pagamento, pagar uma conta
make peace - fazer as pazes
make a phone call (to) - telefonar, dar um telefonema
make plans - fazer planos
make a point - fazer uma observação, apresentar um ponto de vista
make a point of (doing something) - não deixar de, fazer questão de
make a presentation - fazer uma apresentação
make a profit - lucrar, ter lucro
make progress (in) - progredir
make a promise (to) - fazer uma promessa, prometer
make public - divulgar
make a reservation (for) - fazer uma reserva
make a resolution - fazer uma promessa, tomar uma decisão importante
make a scene - fazer uma cena, agir histericamente
make sense (to) - fazer sentido
make something of (oneself) - tornar-se alguém
88
make a speech (to) - fazer um discurso
make sure (about) - certificar-se
make trouble - criar problemas ou confusão
make up - inventar, improvisar, compensar, maquiar, reconciliar
make up your mind - tomar uma decisão
make use of - utilizar
make war - guerrear, entrar em guerra
make way - abrir caminho, dar passagem, progredir
make yourself at home - sinta-se à vontade
DO EXPRESSIONS
do the (my, your, ...) best (to) - fazer o melhor possível
do business (with) - trabalhar em negócios com
do the cleaning (for) - fazer limpeza
do damage/harm (to) - prejudicar, ferir
do a deal (predominantly in the expression "it's a done deal") - negócio fechado
do some dictation - fazer um ditado
do the dishes - lavar a louça
do drugs - usar drogas
do your duty - cumprir com suas tarefas
do an exercise - fazer um exercício
do an experiment - fazer uma experiência
do a favor (for) - fazer um favor
do good - fazer bem
do a good/bad job - fazer um bom trabalho
do your hair - fazer (arrumar) o cabelo
do harm (to someone) - prejudicar ou machucar alguém
do your homework - fazer o seu tema
89
do the housework - fazer os trabalhos domésticos
do the laundry - lavar a roupa
do your nails - fazer as unhas
do an operation (on) - operar
do (something) over again - fazer de novo
do overtime - fazer hora extra
do a poll - fazer uma pesquisa (de opinião)
do a problem/a puzzle - resolver um problema (em matemática, por exemplo), um quebra-cabeça
do a project - fazer (desenvolver) um projeto
do research (on) - pesquisar, fazer uma pesquisa (investigação científica)
do the right thing - ter uma atitude correta
do the shopping - fazer compras
do someone - transar, ter relações sexuais com alguém
do something - fazer algo
do time in prison - cumprir pena carcerária
do a translation - fazer uma tradução
do well/badly (in) - sair-se bem/mal
to be done - estar pronto
to have nothing to do with ... - não ter nada a ver com ...
to have your hair done - arrumar o cabelo
that will do it - isto será suficiente
TAKE EXPRESSIONS
take advantage - levar vantagem
take advice - aceitar conselhos
take (something) apart - separar, desmontar
take back - levar de volta
take the blame - assumir, levar a culpa
90
take a break - fazer uma pausa, dar uma folga
take care - cuidar-se, tomar cuidado, ser cuidadoso
take care of - cuidar de
take a chance - arriscar
take a course (lessons) - fazer um curso
take it easy - acalmar-se
take effect - vigorar a partir de
take an injection - tomar (levar) uma injeção
take into consideration - levar em consideração
take it as ... - crer, supor, entender, aceitar como ...
take it or leave it - é pegar ou largar
take lessons - tomar aulas
take liberties - tomar liberdades
take a look (at) - dar uma olhada
take medicine - tomar remédio
take a nap - tirar uma sesta
take notes - fazer anotações
take off - decolar, ir embora
take (something) off - tirar (casaco, óculos, etc.)
take the opportunity - aproveitar a oportunidade
take (somebody/something) out - levar alguém para sair, remover algo
take over - assumir controle, tomar conta
take part - fazer parte, participar
take personal offense - ofender-se
take place - acontecer, ocorrer
take pride - orgulhar-se, ter orgulho
take a poll - fazer uma pesquisa de opinião
take the responsibility - assumir a responsabilidade
91
take a rest - fazer um descanso
take a shower - tomar banho
take steps - iniciar preparativos
take a taxi (bus, plane) - pegar um taxi
take the temperature - tirar a febre
take a test - fazer um exame
It takes time - leva tempo
take one's time - tomar seu tempo, não ter pressa
take a trip - fazer uma viagem
take up something - começar a estudar ou praticar algo
take a walk - dar uma caminhada
take your time - não te apressa
GET EXPRESSIONS
get across - comunicar, esclarecer, convencer
get along (with) - dar-se, relacionar-se com
get away - escapar
get back - recuperar
get back from - retornar de
get something back - reaver algo
get by - sair-se, virar-se
get a chance - ter uma oportunidade
get a cramp - dar uma câimbra
get somebody down - deprimir alguém
get down to - concentrar-se em
get even - acertar contas, ficar quites, vingar-se
get a flat tire - furar o pneu
get a haircut - cortar o cabelo
92
get ...ing! - usado em comandos imperativos
get in - entrar
get into - entrar, envolver-se com
get in touch (with) - fazer contato, manter contato com
get in trouble - meter-se em confusão, dar-se mal
get laid - ter relações sexuais
get lost! - te some!
get married - casar-se
get something off - remover algo
get off - descer de um ônibus ou trem
get on - produzir efeito indesejável; embarcar (em veículo)
get on with someone - relacionar-se com alguém
get out - sair, partir
get over - curar-se, recuperar-se; transmitir
get ready - aprontar-se
get rid of - livrar-se de, dar um sumiço em
get there - chegar ao destino
get through with something - terminar algo
get to someone - afetar ou irritar alguém
get together (with) - reunir-se com
get something under way - pôr a caminho, pôr em execução
get up - levantar de manhã
get upset - irritar-se, descontrolar-se
meaning of become: ficar
It's getting dark. - Está ficando escuro.
We got tired yesterday. - Ficamos cansados ontem.
I'm getting confused. - Estou ficando confuso, estou fazendo confusão.
I'm getting accustomed/used to working hard. - Estou ficando acostumado a trabalhar muito.
93

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CENTRO EDUCACIONAL POTENCIALIZE

‘’A mente que se abre a uma nova ideia jamais

MAKE, DO, TAKE, and GET

 GET – usa-se para dizer que eu estou pegando alguma coisa.

 TAKE – seria mais apropriado para mandar alguém pegar algo.

 DO – existem vários significados, mas o FAZER do DO significa que eu estou executando

 MAKE – seria FAZER no sentido de produzir algo, construir alguma coisa.

make a date (with) - marcar um encontro

Fill in the gaps with make, do or get.

Complete the sentences using make , take, and the get .

Complete the blanks with " MAKE " or "DO" correctly.

O gerúndio no inglês é caracterizado pelo acréscimo de -ing ao verbo: speaking, walking,

Ex: I don’t want to leave without saying goodbye.

Read more about this by clicking here.

She’s afraid of flying.

I’m against voting for him.

I enjoy studying English.

 O gerund sendo usado como sujeito:

Listening to music is my favorite pastime. (ouvir musica é meu passatempo favorito)

 O gerund pode ter a função de substantivo:

 O gerund pode ser usado após no, em mensagens curtas de proibição.

Verbos seguidos de to + infinitivo ou gerúndio com mudança de significado.

 Remember + gerúndio significa lembrar-se de ter feito algo no passado.

 Forget + gerúndio significa esquecer do que se fez ou do que aconteceu.

Gerund or Infinitive – Fill in the correct form.

Do - have - listen - play - be - read - go - not make - borrow - swim – drive

a) I enjoy ___________________ to the radio in the mornings.

Lista de preposições conhecidas:

Quais são as 10 preposições mais usadas em inglês?

Posição Inglês Falado Inglês Escrito 6º at about

Existe 3 grupos de prepositions:

 Preposições de lugar, posição e direção.

Algumas preposições COMUNS

 Noun (dog, money, love)

Subject + Verb Preposition "noun"

Prepositions of Time / Place at, in, on

 AT - por um tempo preciso

Monday [na segunda-feira]

Observe que o uso das preposições de tempo IN e ON nestas expressões comuns:

 In the morning /On Monday morning

 I went to New York last June (not in last June)

Alguns outros usos comuns de AT, IN e ON.

Combinações de palavras ( VERBO / NOME / adjetivo + preposição )

Use the prepositions and adverbs in brackets to complete the sentences

b) might be the murderer.

g) England and Scotland have been united _____ 1707.

Prepositions with nouns

Complete as expressões de tempo abaixo com “on”, “at” e “in”:

o) _______September p) _______the same time

Complete as sentences com “on”, “at” e “in”:

Phrasal Verbs – Introdução

To break up (break = quebrar / up = acima) - Terminar um relacionamento

To find out (find = achar) - Descobrir uma informação

2. TO BRING ABOUT – acarretar algo, provocar algo, desencadear algo

3. TO LET SOMEONE DOWN – desapontar alguém

4. TO MAKE SOMETHING UP – inventar algo que não é verdade

Convido você a observar os exemplos abaixo:

a) Do you usually go out on Saturday nights?

Com estas “traduções” você então tenta entender as sentenças:

o) _September p) _the same time

a) I _ be at the meeting by 10:00. I will probably _take a taxi if I want to