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In the Page-Wooters formalism, time is treated as a position observable of a reference clock system, so that states are double-kets $|\Psi\rangle\rangle \in \mathcal{H}_{t} \otimes \mathcal{H}_{S}$ where $S$ is the system under analysis and $t$ is the time-degree of freedom, which is just the position of a particle constrained on a line.

Then, it can be shown that the dynamics (that is, time evolution) of the sub-system $S$ is recovered from a constraint, similar to the Wheeler-De-Witt equation: $\mathbb{J}|\Psi\rangle\rangle = 0$, it is then easy to show that if $\mathbb{J} = \hat{p}_{t} \otimes 1 + 1 \otimes \hat{H}_{S}$ where $\hat{p}_{t}$ is the momentum of the clock particle, then the constraint equation in the eigenbasis $|t\rangle$ is just the Schrodinger equation.

It seems that even tough we are treating time and space on equal footing, we reach a non-relativistic equation in the end, my question is: what constraint operator $\mathbb{J}$ can one choose to get a relativistic evolution for system $S$ in this formalism?

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Relativistic versions of Page-Wootters theory are a subject of current research. There are papers attempting to extend the Page-Wootters theory in various ways that may help with relativistic versions of the theory.

Kuypers has written a paper explaining that c-number time isn't required in the Heisenberg picture:

https://arxiv.org/abs/2108.02771

There is a paper by Kuypers and Rijavec on measurement of time in PW theory:

https://arxiv.org/abs/2406.14642

This paper by Singh has some material on treating space and time on an equal footing in a PW type theory:

https://arxiv.org/abs/2004.09139

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