ਸੁਖਾਵੀਂਆਂ ਔਰਤਾਂ
ਸੁਖਾਵੀਂਆਂ ਔਰਤਾਂ ਦੂਜੀ ਸੰਸਾਰ ਜੰਗ ਤੋਂ ਪਹਿਲਾਂ ਅਤੇ ਉਸ ਦੇ ਦੌਰਾਨ ਕਬਜ਼ੇ ਵਾਲੇ ਇਲਾਕਿਆਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਇੰਪੀਰੀਅਲ ਜਾਪਾਨੀ ਫੌਜ ਨੇ ਸਧਾਰਨ ਔਰਤਾਂ ਅਤੇ ਕੁੜੀਆਂ ਨੂੰ ਲਿੰਗੀ ਗੁਲਾਮੀ ਲਈ ਮਜਬੂਰ ਕੀਤਾ ਸੀ।[1][2][3]
"ਸੁਖਾਵੀਂਆਂ ਔਰਤਾਂ" ਦਾ ਨਾਮ ਜਪਾਨੀ ਦੇ ਸ਼ਬਦ ਇਆਂਫੁ (慰安婦) ਹੈ,[4] ਦਾ ਅਨੁਵਾਦ, ਜੋ "ਵੇਸਵਾ (ਵੇਸਵਾਵਾਂ)" ਲਈ ਇੱਕ ਸਜਾਵਟੀ ਸ਼ਬਦ ਹੈ।[5] ਅੰਦਾਜ਼ੇ ਇਸ ਗੱਲ ਤੇ ਨਿਰਭਰ ਕਰਦੇ ਹਨ ਕਿ ਕਿੰਨੀਆਂ ਔਰਤਾਂ ਸ਼ਾਮਲ ਸਨ, ਜਿੰਨਾ ਦੀ ਗਿਣਤੀ ਘੱਟ ਤੋਂ ਘੱਟ 20,000 (ਜਪਾਨੀ ਰੂੜੀਵਾਦੀ ਇਤਿਹਾਸਕਾਰ ਇਖੁਹੀਕੋ ਹੱਤਾ ਦੁਆਰਾ[6]) ਤੋਂ 360,000 ਤੋਂ 410,000 (ਚੀਨ ਦੇ ਵਿਦਵਾਨ ਦੁਆਰਾ[7]);) ਜਿੰਨੀ ਉੱਚੀ ਸੀ; ਸਹੀ ਸੰਖਿਆ ਬਾਰੇ ਅਜੇ ਵੀ ਖੋਜ ਅਤੇ ਬਹਿਸ ਕੀਤੀ ਜਾ ਰਹੀ ਹੈ।[8] ਜ਼ਿਆਦਾਤਰ ਔਰਤਾਂ ਕੋਰੀਆ, ਚੀਨ, ਅਤੇ ਫਿਲੀਪੀਨਜ਼ ਸਮੇਤ ਕਈ ਕਬਜ਼ੇ ਵਾਲੇ ਦੇਸ਼ਾਂ ਤੋਂ ਸਨ।[9] ਔਰਤਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਬਰਮਾ, ਥਾਈਲੈਂਡ, ਵੀਅਤਨਾਮ, ਮਲਾਇਆ, ਤਾਈਵਾਨ (ਫਿਰ ਇੱਕ ਜਪਾਨੀ ਨਿਰਭਰਤਾ), ਡਚ ਈਸਟ ਇੰਡੀਜ਼, ਪੁਰਤਗਾਲ ਤਿਮੋਰ,[10] ਅਤੇ ਹੋਰ ਜਪਾਨੀ ਕਬਜ਼ੇ ਵਾਲੇ ਇਲਾਕਿਆਂ ਤੋਂ ਮਿਲਟਰੀ "ਆਰਾਮ ਕੇਂਦਰਾਂ" ਲਈ ਵਰਤਿਆ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਸੀ। ਸਟੇਸ਼ਨ ਜਪਾਨ, ਚੀਨ, ਫਿਲੀਪੀਨਜ਼, ਇੰਡੋਨੇਸ਼ੀਆ, ਫਿਰ ਮਲਾਇਆ, ਥਾਈਲੈਂਡ, ਬਰਮਾ, ਨਿਊ ਗਿਨੀ, ਹਾਂਗਕਾਂਗ, ਮਕਾਊ ਅਤੇ ਫਰਾਂਸੀਸੀ ਇੰਡੋਚਿਨਾ ਵਿੱਚ ਸਥਿਤ ਸਨ।[11]
ਗਵਾਹੀਆਂ ਦੇ ਅਨੁਸਾਰ, ਸ਼ਾਹੀ ਜਾਪਾਨੀ ਸ਼ਾਸਨ ਅਧੀਨ ਮੁਲਕਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਮੁੰਡਿਆਂ ਨੂੰ ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਦੇ ਘਰੋਂ ਅਗਵਾ ਕਰ ਲਿਆ ਗਿਆ ਸੀ। ਬਹੁਤ ਸਾਰੇ ਮੁਕੱਦਮਿਆਂ ਵਿੱਚ, ਔਰਤਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਫੈਕਟਰੀਆਂ ਜਾਂ ਰੈਸਟੋਰੈਂਟਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਕੰਮ ਦੇਣ ਦੇ ਵਾਅਦਿਆਂ ਜਾਂ ਉੱਚ ਸਿੱਖਿਆ ਲਈ ਮੌਕੇ ਪ੍ਰਦਾਨ ਕੀਤੇ ਗਏ; ਇੱਕ ਵਾਰ ਭਰਤੀ ਹੋਣ 'ਤੇ, ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਆਪਣੇ ਦੇਸ਼ਾਂ ਅਤੇ ਵਿਦੇਸ਼ਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਆਰਾਮਦੇਹ ਸਟੇਸ਼ਨਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਕੈਦ ਰੱਖਿਆ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਸੀ।[12]
ਸੁਖਾਵੀਂ ਔਰਤ ਪ੍ਰਣਾਲੀ ਦੀ ਸਥਾਪਨਾ
[ਸੋਧੋ]ਨਾਮਵਰ ਸਾਬਕਾ ਸੁਖਾਵੀਆਂ ਔਰਤਾਂ
[ਸੋਧੋ]ਕਈ ਸਾਬਕਾ ਸੁਖਾਵੀਆਂ ਔਰਤਾਂ ਅੱਗੇ ਆਈਆਂ ਅਤੇ ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਸੁਖਾਵੀਂ ਮਹਿਲਾ ਹੋਣ ਦੀ ਹਾਲਤ ਬਾਰੇ ਦੱਸਿਆ ਗਿਆ:
- ਡੱਚ ਈਸਟ ਇੰਡੀਜ਼ – ਜੈਨ ਰੂਫ਼ ਓ'ਹੇਰਨੇ (1923–); ਏਲਨ ਵੈਨ ਡੇਰ ਪਲੋਏਗ
- ਕੋਰੀਆ – ਕਿਲ ਵੋਨ-ਓਕ (1928–); ਕਿਮ ਹਕ-ਸਨ (1924-1997);[15] ਲੀ ਯੋਂਗ-ਸੂ (1929–);[16] ਸੋਂਗ ਸੀਨ-ਡੂ (1922-2017);[17] ਯੂ ਹੀ-ਨਾਮ (1927–)
- [18]
- ਫਿਲੀਪੀਨਜ਼ – ਰੋਸਾ ਹੇਨਸਨ (1927-97); ਰੇਮੇਡਿਓਸ ਫੇਲਿਆਸ (1928–)[19]
- ਤਾਈਵਾਨ – ਲਿਊ ਹੁਆਂਗ ਏ-ਤਾਓ (1923-2011)[20]
ਇਹ ਵੀ ਦੇਖੋ
[ਸੋਧੋ]ਹਵਾਲੇ
[ਸੋਧੋ]- ↑ The Asian Women's Fund. "Who were the Comfort Women?-The Establishment of Comfort Stations". Digital Museum The Comfort Women Issue and the Asian Women's Fund. The Asian Women's Fund. Archived from the original on August 7, 2014. Retrieved August 8, 2014.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|dead-url=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ↑ The Asian Women's Fund. "Hall I: Japanese Military and Comfort Women". Digital Museum The Comfort Women Issue and the Asian Women's Fund. The Asian Women's Fund. Archived from the original on March 15, 2013. Retrieved August 12, 2014.
The so-called 'wartime comfort women' were those who were taken to former Japanese military installations, such as comfort stations, for a certain period during wartime in the past and forced to provide sexual services to officers and soldiers.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|dead-url=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ↑ Argibay 2003
- ↑ Soh 2009, p. 69 "It referred to adult female (fu/bu) who provided sexual services to "comfort and entertain" (ian/wian) the warrior...
- ↑ Fujioka, Nobukatsu (1996). 污辱の近現代史: いま、克服のとき [Attainder of modern history] (in Japanese). Tokuma Shoten. p. 39.
慰安婦は戦地で外征軍を相手とする娼婦を指す用語(婉曲用語)だった。 (Ianfu was a euphemism for the prostitutes who served for the Japanese expeditionary forces outside Japan)
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) CS1 maint: Unrecognized language (link) - ↑ Asian Women's Fund, pp. 10–11
- ↑ Huang 2012, p. 206 "Although Ianfu came from all regions or countries annexed or occupied by Japan before 1945, most of them were Chinese or Korean. Researchers at the Research Center of the Chinese Comfort Women Issue of Shanghai Normal University estimate that the total number of comfort women at 360,000 to 410,000."
- ↑ Rose 2005, p. 88
- ↑ "Women and World War II – Comfort Women". Womenshistory.about.com. Archived from the original on March 29, 2013. Retrieved March 26, 2013.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|dead-url=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ↑ Coop, Stephanie (December 23, 2006). "Japan's Wartime Sex Slave Exhibition Exposes Darkness in East Timor". Japan Times. Archived from the original on March 26, 2009. Retrieved June 29, 2014.
{{cite news}}
: Unknown parameter|dead-url=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ↑ Reuters 2007-03-05.
- ↑ Yoshimi 2000, pp. 100–101, 105–106, 110–111;
Fackler 2007-03-06;
BBC 2007-03-02;
BBC 2007-03-08;
Pramoedya 2001. - ↑ "THE ALLIED REOCCUPATION OF THE ANDAMAN ISLANDS, 1945". Imperial War Museums. Archived from the original on 2015-05-04. Retrieved 2016-01-07.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|dead-url=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ↑ "Allies in adversity, Australia and the Dutch in the Pacific War: Comfort women". Australian War Memorial. Archived from the original on 13 December 2017. Retrieved 12 December 2017.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|dead-url=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ↑ "Former 'Comfort Women' Hold 1,000th Protest at Japanese Embassy". The Chosun Ilbo. Archived from the original on 1 April 2012. Retrieved 12 September 2013.
{{cite web}}
: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=
(help); Unknown parameter|dead-url=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ↑ "WWII 'comfort woman' demands apology from Japan". Washington Times. Archived from the original on 2015-12-28.
{{cite news}}
: Unknown parameter|dead-url=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ↑ "Comfort Woman Film Touches Japan". The Korea Times. 2009-03-18. Archived from the original on 26 December 2013. Retrieved 12 September 2013.
{{cite web}}
: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=
(help); Unknown parameter|dead-url=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ↑ "Former Korean 'comfort woman' prepares lawsuit against Japan". Korea Times. Archived from the original on 2015-12-26.
{{cite news}}
: Unknown parameter|dead-url=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ↑ "The hidden battle of Leyte: the picture diary of a girl taken by the Japanese military / Remedios Felias". filipinaslibrary.org.ph. FILIPINAS HERITAGE LIBRARY. Archived from the original on 7 August 2017. Retrieved 6 August 2017.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|dead-url=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - ↑ "Profile: Taiwanese former 'comfort woman' dies before apology". Taipei Times. 2011-09-06. Archived from the original on 2012-10-11. Retrieved 2011-09-22.
{{cite news}}
: Unknown parameter|dead-url=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help)
ਪੁਸਤਕ ਸੂਚੀ
[ਸੋਧੋ]- ਸੰਯੁਕਤ ਰਾਸ਼ਟਰ
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- ਜਪਾਨੀ ਸਰਕਾਰ
- Kono, Yohei (August 4, 1993), Statement by the Chief Cabinet Secretary Yohei Kono on the result of the study on the issue of "comfort women", Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan, archived from the original on 2014-07-09
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- Ministerie van Buitenlandse zaken (January 24, 1994). "Gedwongen prostitutie van Nederlandse vrouwen in voormalig Nederlands-Indië [Enforced prostitution of Dutch women in the former Dutch East Indies]". Handelingen Tweede Kamer der Staten-Generaal [Hansard Dutch Lower House] (in Dutch). 23607 (1). ISSN 0921-7371.
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- Honda, Mike (February 15, 2007). "Honda Testifies in Support of Comfort Women". U.S. House of Representatives. Archived from the original on June 4, 2011. Retrieved March 23, 2007.
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- ਕਿਤਾਬਾਂ
- Bix, Herbert P. (2000), Hirohito and the Making of Modern Japan, HarperCollins, ISBN 978-0-06-019314-0
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- Fujiwara, Akira (藤原彰) (1998), The Three Alls Policy and the Northern Chinese Regional Army (「三光作戦」と北支那方面軍), Kikan sensô sekinin kenkyû 20
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- Huang, Hua-Lun (2012). The Missing Girls and Women of China, Hong Kong and Taiwan: A Sociological Study of Infanticide, Forced Prostitution, Political Imprisonment, "Ghost Brides," Runaways and Thrownaways, 1900–2000s (in ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ). McFarland. ISBN 9780786488346.
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- ਜਰਨਲ ਲੇਖ
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- McCurry, Justin (May 3, 2007), "Japan rules out new apology to 'comfort women'", The Guardian, London: The Guardian, retrieved August 17, 2008
- 慰安婦問題、敗北主義に陥るな 外務省「韓国は確信犯的にやっている」(Comfort women issue – Do not be influenced by defeatism. Foreign Ministry Staff say "South Korea is doing a criminal conviction".), MSN Sankei News, June 9, 2012, p. 2, archived from the original on July 2, 2012, retrieved June 14, 2012
- Sang-Hun, Choe (2015-12-18). "Disputing Korean Narrative on 'Comfort Women,' a Professor Draws Fierce Backlash". The New York Times. The New York Times. Retrieved 20 December 2015.
ਆਨਲਾਈਨ ਸਰੋਤ
- "European Parliament speaks out on sexual slavery during WWII". Amnesty international. December 13, 2007. Archived from the original on December 19, 2007. Retrieved July 4, 2008.
{{cite web}}
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ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help). - Comfort women used to prevent military revolt during war: historian, Korea Times, November 30, 2007, retrieved 2015-12-30
- The "Comfort Women" Issue and the Asian Women's Fund (PDF), Asian Women's Fund, archived from the original (PDF) on June 28, 2007
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ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help), archived from on 2007-06-28. - Clancey, Patrick, ed. (November 1, 1948), "International Military Tribunal for the Far East (Chapter 8) – Judgment", Hyperwar, a hypertext history of the Second World War.
- Hata, Ikuhiko. No Organized or Forced Recruitment: Misconceptions about Comfort Women and the Japanese Military (PDF). hassin.sejp.net. Archived from the original (pdf) on September 4, 2008. Retrieved November 10, 2007.
None of them was forcibly recruited.
- Horn, Dottie (January 1997), Comfort Women, Endeavors Magazine, archived from the original on June 25, 2008, retrieved October 5, 2008.
- Soh, C.Sarah (May 2001), Japan's Responsibility Toward Comfort Women Survivors, Japan Policy Research Institute (JPRI), archived from the original on ਜੂਨ 28, 2012, retrieved July 1, 2008.
- WCCW (2004). "Comfort-Women.org FAQ". Washington Coalition for Comfort Women Issues. Archived from the original on June 15, 2007. Retrieved June 20, 2007.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|dead-url=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) (archived on 2007-06-15). - Dudden, Alexis (April 25, 2006), US Congressional Resolution Calls on Japan to Accept Responsibility for Wartime Comfort Women, www.japanfocus.org, archived from the original on ਮਾਰਚ 30, 2014, retrieved March 30, 2014.
- Nelson, Hank (May 17, 2007), The Consolation Unit: Comfort Women at Rabaul (PDF), The Australian National University, archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-06-10, retrieved November 26, 2007.
- Lawsuits against the Government of Japan filed by the survivors in Japanese Courts, archived from the original on December 9, 2006, retrieved March 23, 2007
{{citation}}
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ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help). - History of Comfort Women by the Washington Coalition for Comfort Women Issues – History, archived from the original on July 24, 2008, retrieved May 28, 2008
{{citation}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
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{{citation}}
: Unknown parameter|deadurl=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help), archived from on 2007-05-16. - Nozaki, Yoshiko (August 1, 2005), The Horrible History of the "Comfort Women" and the Fight to Suppress Their Story, History news Network, retrieved July 4, 2008.
ਹੋਰ ਵੀ ਪੜ੍ਹੋ
- Drinck, Barbara and Gross, Chung-noh. Forced Prostitution in Times of War and Peace, Kleine Verlag, 2007. ISBN 978-3-89370-436-1978-3-89370-436-1.
- Hayashi, Hirofumi. "Disputes in Japan over the Japanese Military 'Comfort Women' System and Its Perception in History," Annals of the American Academy of Political & Social Science, May 2008, Vol. 617, pp 123–132
- Henson, Maria Rosa "Comfort woman: Slave of destiny", Philippine Center for Investigative Journalism: 1996. ISBN 971-8686-11-8971-8686-11-8.
- Henson, Maria Rose (1999). Comfort Woman: A Filipina's Story of Prostitution and Slavery Under the Japanese Military. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. ISBN 978-0-8476-9149-4.
- Hicks, George (1997), The Comfort Women: Japan's Brutal Regime of Enforced Prostitution in the Second World War, W W Norton & Company Incorporated, ISBN 978-0-393-31694-0
- Howard, Keith; Hanʼguk Chŏngsindae Munje Taechʻaek Hyŏbŭihoe; Research Association on the Women Drafted for Military Sexual Slavery by Japan (1995). True stories of the Korean comfort women: testimonies. Cassell. ISBN 978-0-304-33262-5.
- Keller, Nora Okja "Comfort Woman", London, Penguin: 1998. ISBN 0-14-026335-70-14-026335-7.
- Kim-Gibson, D. Silence Broken: Korean Comfort Women, 1999. ISBN 0-931209-88-90-931209-88-9.
- Levin, Mark, Case Comment: Nishimatsu Construction Co. v. Song Jixiao Et Al., Supreme Court of Japan (2d Petty Bench), April 27, 2007, and Ko Hanako Et Al. V. Japan, Supreme Court of Japan (1st Petty Bench), April 27, 2007 (January 1, 2008). American Journal of International Law, Vol. 102, No. 1, pp. 148–154, January 2008. Available at SSRN:
- Molasky, Michael S. American Occupation of Japan and Okinawa, Routledge, 1999. ISBN 0-415-19194-70-415-19194-7, ISBN 0-415-26044-20-415-26044-2.
- Przystup, James (July 2007). Glosserman, Brad; Namkung, Sun (eds.). "Japan-China Relations: Wen in Japan: Ice Melting But." (PDF). Comparative Connections, A Quarterly e-Journal on East Asian Bilateral Relations. 9 (2): 131–146. ISSN 1930-5370. Archived from the original (PDF) on ਅਪ੍ਰੈਲ 2, 2012. Retrieved July 10, 2010.
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(help) - Schellstede, Sangmie Choi; Yu, Soon Mi (2000). Comfort Women Speak: Testimony by Sex Slaves of the Japanese Military: Includes New United Nations Human Rights Report. Holmes & Meier Publishers, Inc. ISBN 978-0-8419-1413-1.
- Tanaka, Yuki. Japan's Comfort Women: Sexual Slavery and Prostitution During World War II and the US Occupation, London, Routledge: 2002. ISBN 0-415-19401-60-415-19401-6.
- Wakabayashi, Bob Tadashii "Comfort Women: Beyond Litigious Feminism"
ਬਾਹਰੀ ਲਿੰਕ
[ਸੋਧੋ]- Thinking about the comfort women issue, Look squarely at essence of 'comfort women' issue. on August 22, 2014 Asahi Shimbun
- Testimony about 'forcible taking away of women on Jeju Island': Judged to be fabrication because supporting evidence not found on August 22, 2014 Asahi Shimbun
- Asian Women's Fund web site (archived from the original on 2007-02-02)
- Comfort-Women.org Archived 2009-11-03 at the Wayback Machine.
- Digital Museum of The Comfort Women Issue and the Asian Women's Fund(in Japanese)
- Jugun Ianfu Indonesia at the Wayback Machine (archived October 27, 2009)Wayback MachineJugun Ianfu Indonesia at the Wayback Machine (archived October 27, 2009)
- Korea Dutch Indies Sex Slavery Translation Project
- 121 Coalition Archived 2019-01-26 at the Wayback Machine.
- "The Victims" (from the South Korean Ministry of Gender and Family Equality)[ਮੁਰਦਾ ਕੜੀ]
- Japanese Military Sex Slaves on ਯੂਟਿਊਬ, CBS Report featuring Mike Honda and Nariaki Nakayama's infamous comment comparing "comfort houses" and cafeterias
- Japan forced women to work as sex slaves during World War II on ਯੂਟਿਊਬ
- Photo gallery at the Seoul Times.
- A Public Betrayed – Comfort Women—The Asian Sex Slaves of World War II
- "Allies in adversity, Australia and the Dutch in the Pacific War: Comfort women" (Web page). Australian War Memorial. 2006. Retrieved 12 December 2017. – describes the experience of Jan O'Herne in Java
- Nakamura, Akemi; Ikuhiko Hata; Yoshiaki Yoshimi (March 20, 2007). "Comfort Women: Were they teen-rape slaves or paid pros?". The Japan Times. Archived from the original on July 4, 2007. Retrieved March 23, 2006.
{{cite web}}
: Unknown parameter|dead-url=
ignored (|url-status=
suggested) (help) - Friends of “Comfort Women” Australia (FCWA) – not-for-profit organisation focusing on the plight of the Japanese military “Comfort Women” of World War II.
- Mourning on ਯੂਟਿਊਬ, song about comfort women composed by Mu Ting Zhang and directed by Po En Lee
- House of Sharing The "House of Sharing" is a South Korean home for surviving comfort women and incorporates "The Museum of Sexual Slavery".
- Justice For Comfort Women Archived 2018-11-17 at the Wayback Machine.
ਅਕਾਦਮਿਕ ਖੋਜ
- "The Comfort Women project". Archived from the original on 2006-12-09. Retrieved 2005-04-22.
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- Hayashi Hirofumi's papers on comfort women
- Responsibility Toward Comfort Women Survivors Archived 2012-06-28 at Archive.is: Japan Policy Research Institute Working Paper 77.
- Japan's Comfort Women, Theirs and Ours Archived 2018-09-01 at the Wayback Machine.: Book review, Japan Policy Research Institute Critique 9:2.
- Journal of Asian American Studies 6:1, February 2003, issue on American studies of comfort women, Kandice Chuh, ed.
ਜਪਾਨੀ ਅਧਿਕਾਰੀ ਬਿਆਨ
- Statement by Prime Minister Tomiichi Murayama on the occasion of the establishment of the "Asian Women's Fund" (1995, Japan Ministry of Foreign Affairs)
- Letter from Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi to the former comfort women (2001, Japan Ministry of Foreign Affairs)
ਸੰਯੁਕਤ ਰਾਜ ਅਮਰੀਕਾ ਇਤਿਹਾਸਕ ਦਸਤਾਵੇਜ਼
- House Concurrent Resolution 226 Archived 2004-11-06 at the Wayback Machine. (June 23, 2003, 108th United States Congress), introduced by Rep. Lane Evans (Illinois 17), referred to House Committee on International Relations; not passed.
- Japanese Comfort Women (1944, United States Office of War Information)
- Korea official website for sex slaves victims
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