Exeter College

Despite Anti-Corruption having been a growth industry for more than a decade, success stories are relatively few and far between. The dramatic impact achieved by the Public Expenditure Tracking Surveys (PETS) in Uganda has been one of the most cited successes. It is therefore interesting to note, that despite the apparent replicability of the approach and the considerable number of attempts to reproduce the Ugandan success elsewhere, there are few other examples of PETS having had an appreciable and sustained impact. This Brief chronicles the way in which the latest PETS in Tanzania was negatively received. Although the PETS revealed and documented several systematic weaknesses in the fl ow of fi nances to primary schools in the country, resistance to act on those weaknesses means that three years on, the same problems prevail.

A pesar de que el movimiento anticorrupción ha sido una industria en crecimiento por más de una década, las historias de éxito son relativamente escasas. El impacto dramático que tuvo PETS en Uganda ha sido uno de los triunfos más celebrados. Por tanto conviene señalar que, pese a que el enfoque aparentemente admite su réplica, y al número considerable de intentos de reproducir el éxito de Uganda en otros lugares, hay muy pocos otros ejemplos que hayan tenido un impacto apreciable y sostenido. En el presente informe se desglosa la forma negativa en que fue recibida la más reciente PETS en Tanzania. Aunque en las encuestas se revelaron y documentaron varias debilidades sistemáticas dentro del flujo de finanzas a las escuelas primarias del país, por no tomar las medidas correspondientes, tres años después persisten los mismos problemas.

Bien que l'anti corruption soit une industrie en pleine croissance depuis une décennie, les cas reconnus de succès sont relativement rares à trouver. L'incidence radicale des Enquêtes de suivi des dépenses publiques (ESDP) en Ouganda est l'une des réussites les plus souvent évoquées. Il est donc intéressant de noter que, alors qu'il paraît possible de reproduire l'approche et qu'un nombre considérable de tentatives ont été faites afin de reproduire le succès ougandais ailleurs, il n'existe que quelques autres exemples d'ESDP ayant eu une influence appréciable et soutenue. Cette note relate l'accueil défavorable réservé à la dernière ESDP en Tanzanie. Bien que l'ESDP ait révélé et documenté plusieurs faiblesses systématiques du flux de financement vers les écoles primaires dans le pays, la résistance à la prise de mesures pour contrer ces faiblesses signifie qu'au bout de trois ans, les mêmes problèmes perdurent.

industria en crecimiento por mas de una decada, las historias de exito son relativamente escasas. El impacto dramatico que tuvo PETS en Uganda ha sido uno de los triunfos mas celebrados. Por tanto conviene senalar que, pese a que el enfoque aparentemente admite su replica, y al numero considerable de intentos de reproducir el exito de Uganda en otros lugares, hay muy pocos otros ejemplos que hayan tenido un impacto apreciable y sostenido. En el presente informe se desglosa la forma negativa en que fue recibida la mas reciente PETS en Tanzania. Aunque en las encuestas se revelaron y documentaron varias debilidades sistematicas dentro del flujo de finanzas a las escuelas primarias del pais, por no tomar las medidas correspondientes, tres anos despues persisten los mismos problemas. October 2006 Volume 5 No.1

more than a decade, success stories are relatively few and far between. The dramatic impact achieved by the Public Expenditure Tracking Surveys (PETS) in Uganda has been one of the most cited successes. It is therefore interesting to note, that despite the apparent replicability of the approach and the considerable number of attempts to reproduce the Ugandan success elsewhere, there are few other examples of PETS having had an appreciable and sustained impact. This Brief chronicles the way in which the latest PETS in Tanzania was negatively received. Although the PETS revealed and documented several systematic weaknesses in the fl ow of fi nances to primary schools in the country, resistance to act on those weaknesses means that three years on, the same problems prevail. October 2006 Volume 5 No.1

croissance depuis une decennie, les cas reconnus de succes sont relativement rares a trouver. L’incidence radicale des Enquetes de suivi des depenses publiques (ESDP) en Ouganda est l’une des reussites les plus souvent evoquees. Il est donc interessant de noter que, alors qu’il parait possible de reproduire l’approche et qu’un nombre considerable de tentatives ont ete faites afin de reproduire le succes ougandais ailleurs, il n’existe que quelques autres exemples d’ESDP ayant eu une influence appreciable et soutenue. Cette note relate l’accueil defavorable reserve a la derniere ESDP en Tanzanie. Bien que l’ESDP ait revele et documente plusieurs faiblesses systematiques du flux de financement vers les ecoles primaires dans le pays, la resistance a la prise de mesures pour contrer ces faiblesses signifie qu’au bout de trois ans, les memes problemes perdurent. October 2006 Volume 5 No.1

The study and this brief are part of REPOA's Tanzania Governance Noticeboard programme, which seeks to strengthen accountability and transparency by making information on public affairs readily available to the public, and by assisting to build capacity to use the information. The Assessment An assessment was conducted in order to gauge the level of transparency of public finance matters at the district and sub-district level. The study took place in June and July 2005, and covered two districts, Simanjiro and Dodoma rural. Two researchers met with councillors, council staff, and other stakeholders, including NGO representatives, business people and members of the general public. The researchers also visited a village in each district and held discussions with officials, politicians and the general public. The findings were presented at a workshop attended by various stakeholders, including local government and council staff. Participants agreed that these findings reflected the reality of the situation.

The 1999 Land Act and Village Land Act are arguably among the laws that most directly impact on the well-being of most Tanzanians. They occasioned considerable debate when they were enacted, particularly on aspects pertaining to gender. After enactment, the Land Acts have made occasional appearances in the policy debates. Enactment on the Land Act was one of the trigger points in the HIPC process and there was also considerable debate surrounding the recent amendment of the Land Act that sought to make titled land more useable as collateral.

The centre is operated by the Chr. Michelsen Institute (CMI: www.cmi.no), a private social science research foundation working on issues of development and human rights, located in Bergen, Norway. U4 Partner Agencies: DFID (UK), Norad (Norway), Sida (Sweden), Gtz (Germany), Cida (Canada), the Netherlands Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and BTC (Belgium). All views expressed in this issue paper are those of the author(s), and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the U4 Partner Agencies.

During the 18th century, astrologers were frequently satirized by Enlightenment thinkers, who tended to deride as ‘superstitious’ anything that did not fit into the framework of established science and religion. Yet those who appear in the works of Sir Walter Scott and E. T. A. Hoffmann reveal the change which took place at the beginning of the 19th century, inspired in particular by Schiller. The ambiguous character of the astrologer acquired new depth, owing to his ability to put on numerous masks. Scott and Hoffmann do not depict astrology as a threat or an object of derision and scorn which should be ridiculed. Instead, they conceive it both as a moment of the past which possesses a historical value, and as a way to defend the powers of imagination and, more broadly, an enchanted vision of the world. It is therefore relevant to reassess certain claims both authors made regarding their own works: Scott’s prose was not as opposed to Hoffmann’s as he maintained, and Hoffmann himself, at least with respect to the history of religious beliefs and practices, inherits the Enlightenment’s rationalism, though he meant to condemn it.

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Les astrologues étaient, au XVIIIe siècle, l’une des cibles satiriques des auteurs des Lumières, qui appelaient « superstition » ce qui ne rentrait pas dans le cadre de la science et de la religion instituées. Le traitement de ces personnages dans les œuvres de Walter Scott et d’E.T.A. Hoffmann indique toutefois qu’un tournant a eu lieu au début du XIXe siècle : à partir notamment du modèle schillérien, cette figure à l’identité ambiguë a acquis une profondeur nouvelle grâce à sa capacité à revêtir de nombreux masques. Scott et Hoffmann ne représentent pas l’astrologie comme une menace ou un objet de dérision qu’il convient de tourner en ridicule. Elle est devenue chez eux aussi bien un « moment » du passé qui possède une valeur d’exemplarité historique, qu’une des voies permettant la défense des pouvoirs de l’imagination et d’une vision enchantée du monde. Il est donc pertinent de remettre en question certaines idées que ces auteurs défendent à propos de leur œuvre : la prose de Walter Scott n’est pas aussi opposée à celle de Hoffmann qu’il l’a affirmé, et Hoffmann, en ce qui concerne du moins l’histoire des croyances, hérite lui aussi du rationalisme des Lumières qu’il entend dénoncer.

Le but de cette journée d’étude est de réfléchir à la manière dont les discours et les esthétiques « de marge » ou sur la marge et la marginalité au XIXe siècle font « événement » à travers le scandale, des voix artistiquement avant-gardistes, ou encore différentes stratégies publicitaires.

Organisation : Fanny Arama, Claire Lépinay, Agnès Parmentier

9h30 Accueil des participants
10h Mot d'introduction
10h15 Camille Brun (Aix-Marseille Université) : « Discours préfaciels au XIXe siècle : entre marge et scandale »
11h Blandine Lefèvre (Université Sorbonne Nouvelle) : « Journalistes, écrivains et bretteurs : le duel à la fin du XIXe siècle, entre scandale et publicité »
11h45 Mathilde Leïchlé (INHA et Université Paris Cité) : « Les violeurs sont-ils des monstres comme les autres ? Norme, marginalité et scandale dans les représentations des violeurs du second XIXe siècle en France »
Questions – Discussion
14h30 Claire Dupin de Beyssat (Université de Tours) : « Des succès de scandale ? Recherche de subversion dans la construction des réputations artistiques »
15h15 Louise de Sédouy (Université Bordeaux Montaigne) : « Pratiques spectaculaires à la marge au XIXe siècle : des Galeries de Durand au Théâtre des Folies bordelaises »
16h Arthur Ségard (New York University) : « Le freak show au XIXe siècle : les monstres humains sont-ils des marginaux ? Littérature et histoire »
16h45 Alexandre Burin (Durham University) : « Faire scandale : un dispositif littéraire et médiatique ? »

Version publiée d'un article présenté le 1er juillet 2022 à l'Université de Rouen Normandie au colloque "Lectures ésotériques des textes littéraires. Séminaire de recherche interdisciplinaire", sous la direction de Catherine Douzou, Frank Greiner et Sylvain Ledda. © Publications numériques du CÉRÉdI, « Actes de colloques et journées d’étude ». http://publis-shs.univ-rouen.fr/ceredi/index.php?id=1537

"The Eranos Experience: Spirituality and the Arts from a Comparative Perspective", 17-18-19 November 2022 at the Fondazione Giorgio Cini, Venice. The conference was organized jointly by Fondazione Giorgio Cini (Francesco Piraino) and the Centre for the History of Hermetic Philosophy and Related Currents (Marco Pasi), in collaboration with the Chair for Literature and Cultural Studies at the ETH Zurich (Andreas Kilcher).

http://revue-pagaille.fr/2022-2-parmentier/

Beaten horses were the topic of a recurring though minor literary scene in the second half of the 19th century. Their overexploitation let facts of ill-treatment increase and become commonplace in public. Yet this tendency conflicted the general evolution of Western sensitivities, which were increasingly more receptive to compassion for suffering. The violence of this scene was hence paradoxically perceived as both unremarkable and unbearably cruel. Writers like Victor Hugo, Fyodor Dostoevsky, Guy de Maupassant, Émile Zola or Joseph Conrad used its pathetic suggestive power in their works. Based on examples taken from poems, novels and novellas, this paper argues that their point was not to defend animal welfare in itself, but to illustrate the necessity of animal ethics in order to preserve human dignity.

In the vast constellation of Fernando Pessoa’s reception, African Lusophone writers seem to play a minor role, if existing at all. This article examines the complex case of João Manuel Varela, a Cape-Verdean poet. The name of Pessoa, whom he idealized in his youth, disappeared from his writings for about twenty years before making a comeback in the 1980s. Varela used the heteronymic system because he needed to adopt different literary masks to succeed in both defending the specificity of caboverdianidade and praising Western cultural figures. Because of what he represented as a prominent Portuguese writer and as a typically colonial resident of Africa, Pessoa was both an unavoidable and an unspeakable reference in the context of decolonization. Taking the example of João Manuel Varela into consideration, Fernando Pessoa’s influence on Lusophone African writers seems to be more of a downplayed and avoided matter than an irrelevant one.

Pouco foi escrito até agora sobre a influência de Fernando Pessoa na literatura africana de língua portuguesa. Devido à sua estadia tipicamente colonial em Africa do Sul, e ao seu estatuto de figura literária inevitável da cultura dominante, encarnou precisamente o que os autores africanos rejeitaram firmemente durante a luta pelas independências e no contexto pós-colonial. Portanto, não é surpreendente que a sua influência tenha permanecido discreta. Esta comunicação almeja estudar o caso da recepção da obra de Fernando Pessoa em João Manuel Varela (1937-2007), que podia resumir a complexa relação entre património e criação na literatura africana contemporânea. Um poeta cabo-verdiano pouco estudado, Varela admitiu em várias entrevistas ter sido influenciado por Pessoa na sua obra de estreia, o que é sobretudo visível através do seu uso de pseudoheterónimos – João Vário, Timóteo Tio Tiofe e G. T. Didial. Contudo, por razões principalmente politicas, optou depois por se distanciar de Pessoa e criticar a sua presença imbuída. Através de um estudo cuidadoso das suas obras publicadas a partir dos anos 60, quero mostrar que esta declaração esconde uma realidade mais complexa. Apesar de condenar firmemente o eurocentrismo e querer contribuir para a afirmação de uma própria voz poética de Cabo Verde, Varela permaneceu profundamente influenciado pela cultura ocidental e a sua obra tem muitas ressonâncias pessoanas.

This book examines colourism (the process of discrimination based on skin colour among people of the same ethnicity), from a historical and political perspective and highlights how religion and slavery both contributed towards the spread of colourism throughout the African Diaspora. Written in an engaging and accessible style, this book traces the origins of colourism and how it evolved in the UK, USA Jamaica and Latin America. It should appeal to anyone with an interest in race and identity.