LILI LI

National University of Singapore, Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, Post-Doc

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Dr. Lili Li is a postdoctoral fellow at Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, National University of Singapore. Her research interest lies in environmental policy, climate policy, sustainable energy transitions, and health policy. She is proficient in various qualitative and quantitative research skills, including econometric/statistical analysis, STATA, text mining, qualitative methods (e.g., comparative survey design, interviews), and data visualization tools (e.g., ArcGIS, Adobe Illustrator).

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Suphachol Suphachalasai

World Bank

Stefano F. Verde

Trinity College Dublin

Simone Borghesi

European University Institute

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Peking University

Luke Kemp

The Australian National University

Alex Child

Coraline Goron

University of Warwick

Yusheng Xue

Экономика Магистр

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Papers by LILI LI

Assessing the Implementation of Local Emission Trading Schemes in China: Econometric Analysis of Market Data

China Policy Journal, 2018

Emission trading scheme (ETS) has been used for reducing emissions of industries in developed cou... more Emission trading scheme (ETS) has been used for reducing emissions of industries in developed countries since the 1990s. This study contributes to existing research by focusing on the implementation of local ETSs for reducing carbon dioxide (CO 2) emissions in the context of China. Based on time-series analysis techniques, the study investigates into the market dynamics of the local ETSs in China from their launching dates to 30 June 2017, addressing the relations between energy prices and the prices of China's CO 2 emission allowance (CEA). The price values of CEA and the level of trading volumes vary across the ETS pilots due to their differences in policy features, local business environment and governments' support. Between the two provincial ETSs, Hubei ETS had less volatile price and larger weekly trading volume, while Guangdong ETS had higher CEA price on average. Among the five city ETSs, Tianjin and Chongqing ETSs were not so market-oriented considering their lower prices and much less active trading activities. The regression analyses found that the links between energy prices and CEA prices were different among local ETSs as well, which may be because of different demand and supply dynamics in the ETS markets and energy markets. There was no Granger causality from energy prices to CEA prices in Guangdong or Hubei. With respect to the city ETSs, the steam coal price granger caused the CEA price in Shanghai, and the changes in coal price had a negative short-term effect on the changes in CEA price, indicating that an increase in coal price could arrest coal associated pollution due to a substitution of coal with less carbon-intensive fuels (e.g. coal, natural gas). In Beijing, the results show that the international oil price granger caused the CEA price, and there was a positive effect of the oil price changes on the CEA price changes in the short-run,

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A scoping review of the impacts of COVID-19 physical distancing measures on vulnerable population groups

by Araz 𝖳aeihagh and LILI LI

Nature Communications, 2023

Most governments have enacted physical or social distancing measures to control COVID-19 transmis... more Most governments have enacted physical or social distancing measures to control COVID-19 transmission. Yet little is known about the socio-economic trade-offs of these measures, especially for vulnerable populations, who are exposed to increased risks and are susceptible to adverse health outcomes. To examine the impacts of physical distancing measures on the most vulnerable in society, this scoping review screened 39,816 records and synthesised results from 265 studies worldwide documenting the negative impacts of physical distancing on older people, children/students, low-income populations, migrant workers, people in prison, people with disabilities, sex workers, victims of domestic violence, refugees, ethnic minorities, and people from sexual and gender minorities. We show that prolonged loneliness, mental distress, unemployment, income loss, food insecurity, widened inequality and disruption of access to social support and health services were unintended consequences of physical distancing that impacted these vulnerable groups and highlight that physical distancing measures exacerbated the vulnerabilities of different vulnerable populations.

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What factors drive policy transfer in smart city development? Insights from a Delphi study

by Araz 𝖳aeihagh and LILI LI

Sustainable Cities and Society, 2022

Smart city initiatives are viewed as an input to existing urban systems to solve various problems... more Smart city initiatives are viewed as an input to existing urban systems to solve various problems faced by modern cities. Making cities smarter implies not only technological innovation and deployment, but also having smart people and effective policies. Cities can acquire knowledge and incorporate governance lessons from other jurisdictions to develop smart city initiatives that are unique to the local contexts. We conducted two rounds of surveys involving 23 experts on an e-Delphi platform to consolidate their opinion on factors that facilitate policy transfer among smart cities. Findings show a consensus on the importance of six factors: having a policy entrepreneur; financial instruments; cities' enthusiasm for policy learning; capacity building; explicit regulatory mechanisms; and policy adaptation to local contexts. Correspondingly, three policy recommendations were drawn. Formalizing collaborative mechanisms and joint partnerships between cities, setting up regional or international networks of smart cities, and establishing smart city repositories to collect useful case studies for urban planning and governance lessons will accelerate policy transfer for smart city development. This study sheds light on effective ways policymakers can foster policy learning and transfer, especially when a jurisdiction's capacity is insufficient to deal with the uncertainties and challenges ahead.

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An in-depth analysis of the evolution of the policy mix for the sustainable energy transition in China from 1981 to 2020

Applied Energy, 2020

Mapped evolution of China's policy mix for sustainable energy transition 1981-2020. • Over time C... more Mapped evolution of China's policy mix for sustainable energy transition 1981-2020. • Over time China forms complex policy mix by layering and packaging instruments. • China has increased the diversity and number of policy instruments used. • Rise in charges on emissions and decrease in subsidies for renewables is observed. • Policy experimentation dominates policy instruments used to reduce carbon emissions.

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An in-depth analysis of the evolution of the policy mix for the sustainable energy transition in China from 1981 to 2020

by LILI LI and Araz 𝖳aeihagh

Global warming and the acute domestic air pollution in China have necessitated transition to a su... more Global warming and the acute domestic air pollution in China have necessitated transition to a sustainable energy system away from coal-dominated energy production. Through a systematic review of the national policy documents, this study investigates the policy mix adopted by the Chinese government to facilitate its energy transition and how that policy mix has evolved between 1981 and 2020. The chronological analysis emphasizes two dimensions of temporal changes in the policy mix: (1) changes in the policy intensity and density, and (2) the shift in policy instrument combinations. The policy mix has evolved from a few authority-based instruments to the current response that has a large density of instruments with a good diversity of instrument types. The Chinese government imposes an increasing policy intensity on air pollution abatement and a decreasing policy intensity on renewable energy support, and experiments with innovative policy instruments to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. The evolutionary trajectory features layering new policy instruments, calibrating existing ones and some degree of policy replacement and sequencing. Overall, the study shows that the Chinese government has adopted a complex mix of policy instruments to abate emissions (e.g. carbon dioxide and sulphur dioxide) in the coal-based energy system and to support renewable energy technologies. The study provides an in-depth understanding of Chinese policy design in the environment and energy fields and contributes to the public policy literature by filling a research gap – the comparative lack of empirical analyses on the temporal changes in the policy mixes.

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Assessing the Implementation of Local Emission Trading Schemes in China: Econometric Analysis of Market Data

China Policy Journal, 2018

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A scoping review of the impacts of COVID-19 physical distancing measures on vulnerable population groups

by Araz 𝖳aeihagh and LILI LI

Nature Communications, 2023

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What factors drive policy transfer in smart city development? Insights from a Delphi study

by Araz 𝖳aeihagh and LILI LI

Sustainable Cities and Society, 2022

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