Papers by Abdulmajeed B O L A D E Hassan-Bello
In Australia the use of forest biomass has been developing in recent years and initial efforts ar... more In Australia the use of forest biomass has been developing in recent years and initial efforts are built on adopting and trialling imported European technology. Using a linear programming-based tool, BIOPLAN, this study investigated the impact of five operational factors: energy demand, moisture content, interest rate, transport distance, and truck payload on total forest residues supply chain cost in Western Australia. The supply chain consisted four phases: extraction of residues from the clear felled area to road side by forwarders, storage at road side, chipping of materials by mobile chippers, and transport of chips to an energy plant. For an average monthly energy demand of 5000 MWh, the minimum wood supply chain cost was about 29.4 $/t, which is lower than the maximum target supply cost of 30-40 $/t , reported by many industry stakeholders as the breakeven point for economically viable bioenergy production in Australia. The suggested volume available for chipping in the secon...
Al-Ahkam
One of the t important issue Muslims face which needs to be addressed scholarly and juristically ... more One of the t important issue Muslims face which needs to be addressed scholarly and juristically is the issue of whether the start and end of the lunar months through Astronomical Calculations is valid in Islamic Jurisprudence, or is physical moon sighting the only valid opinion. Scholars on the two sides of the divide present arguments and support their views by citing the same sources. In Nigeria moon sighting has been a serious problem for many years. The Islamic calendar is lunar. Lunar calendars follow the phases of the moon, beginning with the crescent moon and ending with the conjunction of the moon. The foundation of legal ruling in Islam is the Qur’an and the Sunnah. It is in the absence of decisively authentic and unequivocal texts that, scholars may resort to ijtihad. There are several positions on moon sighting. The most prominent are regional sighting, physical sighting globally, Mecca time-point for reference and Astronomical Calculation. The popular view among Muslim...
Mazahib, 2021
The paper investigates the armed banditry that engages in the highway robbery attacking villagers... more The paper investigates the armed banditry that engages in the highway robbery attacking villagers and travelers in the Zamfara state of Nigeria. The paper aimed at examines hirāba in Islamic criminal law and the penal code of the state for the possibility of applying the provisions to curb armed banditry in the state. The paper is a Sharia study; thus, the descriptive-analytical method was followed. Opinions of four Sunni schools are relied on in most cases. In addition, academic works of contemporary jurists and thinkers in journals were extensively consulted. The critical studies of jurist’s definitions of hirāba revealed that the crime of hirāba comprises maritime piracy, aircraft hijacking, armed banditry, kidnapping, and any act of destroying society. Zamfara state, which first reintroduced the Islamic criminal system, witnessed maximum security between 2000 and 2009 because there is a political will to enforce Islamic law. Although it is alleged that Sharia was supposed to bri...
This paper attempts interrogating Arabic language as a language, the importance and relevance to ... more This paper attempts interrogating Arabic language as a language, the importance and relevance to the study of Shari’ah generally. It demonstrates that Arabic, is a medium of communication, not a sacred language as some believe. Prophet Muhammad received his message from God in Arabic and with the rise of Islam, Arabic shifted from a little-known tribal language to the lingua franca for the Muslim world and plays great role in international affairs today. The study found that the Eleventh century marked a period of stagnation for Arabic language but its status as the language of Islam was never threatened. Shari’ah’s language remains Arabic in which it was revealed and which the language of the prophet Muhammad is. Thus, the understanding of the rules of law from the Qur’an and the Sunnah can only be derived if stylistic peculiarities of Arabic language, its lexical meanings and structure are understood. All sources of Shari’ah and contributions of jurists to it have been preserved i...
Critical examination of the causes of the political violence in Nigeria revealed that the immedia... more Critical examination of the causes of the political violence in Nigeria revealed that the immediate causes of the phenomenon in the country include imposition of candidates on party members. Others are, lack of democratic institutions and culture; the prevailing political mind ofset of do – or die and winner takesall; partisanship of law enforcement agencies; lack of prompt judicial response to the cases of electoral offences, the general socioeconomic downturn that has rather remained unaddressed over the years. But is there a role any religion can play to achieve a peaceful world? The paper opines that Islam sets down capacity and integrity as the only conditions that should govern the election to the offices and enjoins upon the rulers to remain always impartial judges between the citizens. The paper concludes that if the government was to adopt and take care of the principles of equality and justice for all, this would ultimately restore the social and political peace into the c...
The greatest security threat to the sovereignty of Nigeria today is the Boko Haram insurgency. Th... more The greatest security threat to the sovereignty of Nigeria today is the Boko Haram insurgency. The terrorist have carried their campaign of terror up to the police force headquarters. These developments led to the belief in many circles that Islam and terrorism are synonymous. The paper in its attempt to capture the issue of National security in Islam describes the Qur’anic schools that intend to produce self-disciplined citizens socially integrated in their community. The Qur’anic education is not an activity separated from other aspects of society. Success was of course, important, but failure did not turn the individual into a useless burden on society. It was the British administration that labeled the system of education they brought as Western education, while the other one was identified as religious education. Thus in attempt to resist the cultural invasion Muslim leaders clustered around the Qur’anic schools, this explains the reason why the vast majority of Muslims remaine...
The question of how the law became known has occupied the minds of Muslim jurists for a long time... more The question of how the law became known has occupied the minds of Muslim jurists for a long time. In the early centuries, the heated debates centred on the place and role of ethical principles and reason in the development of the religious tradition. In Islam, Islamic law is concerned as much with ethical standards as with legal rules indicating not only what man is entitled or bound to do in law, but also what he ought, in conscience, to do or refrain from doing. Thus, shari’ah is not merely a system of Law, but a comprehensive code of behaviour that embraces both private and public activities. The paper adopts textual analysis methods and findings revealed that Islamic law and ethics is not only a few obligations but a law for life that guides the human acts and conduct. Thus, Islamic law and ethics compose of the commandments which refer to the requirements of Quran and Sunnah, and jointly constitute the Shar’iah. Though, Muslim jurists focused much on the punishments and not on...
Arts & Humanities Open Access Journal, 2018
| http://medcraveonline.com ''Culture'' is the customs, beliefs, art, music and all the other pro... more | http://medcraveonline.com ''Culture'' is the customs, beliefs, art, music and all the other products of human thought made by a particular group of people at a particular time. 4 This definition implies that; the culture of a people or community comprises how they live, what they believe, what they cherish (arts), their social values, political system, what they eat, wear and so on. 5 2 Saqi, Sarah. An introduction to Islam.
IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 2013
This paper argues that the word Jihad is commonly translated into English as "the holy war" and f... more This paper argues that the word Jihad is commonly translated into English as "the holy war" and for a long while now the word has been interpreted so that it has become synonymous with a mania of religion. But the word Jihad does not mean "holy war." The concept of "holy war" does not occur in the term Jihād, which in Arabic would be al-ħarb al-muqaddasah المقدست .الحرب Thus the Arabic word "Jihad' has neither the connotation of ''holy'' nor that of ''war''. Islam simply put an end to the wars of aggression and permitted only defensive war under certain conditions after all effort to keep the peace has failed and enemy impose was on the Muslim State. Such defensive war is permitted in order to restore the condition of peace, but not to disturb the peace. Islam does not advocate "the law of the jungle and does not give Muslims any right to take life of others. Jihad is not terrorism; terrorism is under no circumstances permissible in Islam. But It is apparent that the understanding of Jihad as a concept is dismally blurred and employed by the extremists, and the only way to dispel the false notions of Jihad put forth by the extremists, who are massively funded by external sources, is an equally strong effort put forth by Muslim governments in re-education of their populations, in particular the youth, with a correct understanding of this term.
Critical examination of the causes of the political violence in Nigeria revealed that the immedia... more Critical examination of the causes of the political violence in Nigeria revealed that the immediate causes of the phenomenon in the country include imposition of candidates on party members. Others are, lack of democratic institutions and culture; the prevailing political mind ofset of do – or die and winner takesall; partisanship of law enforcement agencies; lack of prompt judicial response to the cases of electoral offences, the general socioeconomic downturn that has rather remained unaddressed over the years. But is there a role any religion can play to achieve a peaceful world? The paper opines that Islam sets down capacity and integrity as the only conditions that should govern the election to the offices and enjoins upon the rulers to remain always impartial judges between the citizens. The paper concludes that if the government was to adopt and take care of the principles of equality and justice for all, this would ultimately restore the social and political peace into the c...
Journal of Islamic Law and Culture, 2011
Arab Law Quarterly, 2013
ABSTRACT Abstract This article argues that the Shariʿah is not entirely fixed and immutable altho... more ABSTRACT Abstract This article argues that the Shariʿah is not entirely fixed and immutable although the Qurʾān and Sunnah, which are two of its three sources, are unalterable. Ijtihād or independent reasoning, which is the third source, is mutable however. The Shariʿah delineates the areas within which a Muslim’s life may develop and flourish as well as concedes to the Muslim community an ‘open road’ for temporal legislation which would cover the contingencies deliberately left untouched by texts in the Qurʾān and Sunnah. This article concludes that, while jurists or fuqahāʾ have provided various legal theories in light of the social reality of their respective eras, the continuing process of social change always necessitates re-adjustment.
Waqf is known in Islam as “religious endowment”. Its benefits are not restricted to the Muslim co... more Waqf is known in Islam as “religious endowment”. Its benefits are not restricted to the Muslim community alone but go beyond religious, cultural, racial and sectarian boundaries. From economic point of view, waqf is a powerful mechanism in developing the nation in form of charitable instruments, which is unique, and beneficial. There three types of waqf, religious, philanthropic and family waqf. In Islamic countries, there are many projects that are operated through benefices and assets of the waqf from well-meaning. The results of waqf can be expressed to humanitarian projects, cultural, economic, health, education and training, and much other social welfare. In Nigeria, the practice of waqf was not developed during the early stage of Islam. The eclipse of the waqf has left a vacuum in the arena of public services, which has not been filled. It serves as a bulwark for civil society and has the potential to play that role. The paper holds that the revival of waqf is imperative for the sustained development, growth and prosperity of our communities. Thus, positive steps should be taken to arrest this trend and ultimately revive the institution of waqf. The paper concludes that, if the scheme is adopted, it can be used to abolish wants and distress. Thus, orphans would not have to beg, nor would widows have to ask for neither help, nor needy persons to suffer from anxiety, there would be no unrest or strike, life and property would be secured and class would not contend against class.
states. In the decades that followed independence, many new nation-states codified Islamic law es... more states. In the decades that followed independence, many new nation-states codified Islamic law especially in the area of personal law based on the rules of the classical jurists, which were heavily influenced by medieval socio-cultural norms! Family is the basic unit of human society. According to Shari"ah, in marriage the spouse"s mutual consent is essential. There are measures to make the marital bond possible. Besides guardianship, Shari"ah gives authority to relatives to save the family from social disgrace. Islam takes a realistic view and makes provisions for unexpected events. When serious difference or obstacles arise in the way, the contact has to be terminated with conservation of the rights of the parties. Paper holds that Shariah disfavour unmarried life and prescribed polygyny as the only alternative to control the excessive number of unmarried women. The paper concludes that, solutions to marital problems are in the Shari"ah. However, reexamination of the legal thought in the modern context is needed. Suppression of the Shari"ah cannot harm Shari"ah but will only help the politicians to spark off awareness and vitalism and revivalist spirit among those who committed to it.
the parnassus university of uyo journal of cultural research, 2010
Islam's first contact with Africa was with Ethiopia rather than Egypt and the rest of North Afric... more Islam's first contact with Africa was with Ethiopia rather than Egypt and the rest of North Africa. After the initial military phase in North Africa, Islam spread through the population movements and trade. Another factor that helps the spread of Islam in Africa is its adaptability culture where the customs and usages of a society are accommodated to some extent. The paper argues that Africans before the colonial had established Qur'anic schools throughout the continent and some of their languages like Hausa and Fulfulde were being written with Arabic alphabets. The paper further states that Islam had been introduced in the Hausa states as early as 14th century, but by the early 19th century it had little influence on the life of most of the inhabitants. The ruling class who would not want to see their power and authority curtailed by the Shari’ah vigorously opposed the reform of Shehu Uthman and this led to combatant Jihad and subsequent establishment of the Sokoto Caliphate. The system worked vine for a while but the degeneration later set in. The remnant of the degenerated caliphate was what the British had fought with and conquered. The paper concludes that Islam though less widely distributed geographically, but the main political and social forces in the whole continent. Today Islam is probably the fastest growing religion on the African continent, and the proselytization is undertaken by the African Muslims themselves and through peaceful means. Their Jihad is not terrorism; terrorism is under no circumstances permissible in Islam.
The process of wage determination is central to economic analysis. The process under the capitali... more The process of wage determination is central to economic analysis. The process under the capitalist tradition has resulted in enormous economic inequalities. This paper uses the prohibition of interest to examine the global financial crisis vis-à-vis crisis in Nigeria. The paper argues that the consequence of the global financial meltdown on Nigeria is immediate contagion impact on the financial markets of USA and Europe. The consequence has been depreciation in market capitalization and slash in the values of investments held by Nigerians. Because Nigeria economy is based on capitalism many of the successive regimes and governments policies, programmes and behaviours had led to increased poverty and deprivation among Nigerians. Thus, the solution to the capitalism crisis in Nigeria lies in abolition of interest based economy. Though, this is an Islamic approach, but based on Allah's injunctions which are quite consistent.
That corruption is regarded with a permissive attitude or winked at in Nigeria is no secret. The ... more That corruption is regarded with a permissive attitude or winked at in Nigeria is no secret. The basic problem for analysis here is the unedifying glorification of corruption by condemning it with one corner of the mouth and tries to justify it with another, despite moral and religious condemnation of corruption in all forms. The contention of this paper is that Islam does not only claim panacea for corruptions plaguing human society, indeed it has guidance which will help to tackle the problems. Unfortunately the religious influence on moral behavior is fast being lost in society; a strong urge for liberation from religious obligations is in motion and gaining momentum almost everywhere in the World. The paper thus concludes that, there are many areas of crime control or prevention which can be borrowed from the Islamic legal, social and political system to save any country from the menace of corruption. Nigerians have drifted far from our creator, felt non chalet in worshipping Him but resorted to worship on mammon. Unless we repent, change and amend our evil ways, it is then that our conditions can improve and be better
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Papers by Abdulmajeed B O L A D E Hassan-Bello