Bituminous tar sand deposit of Southwestern Nigeria represents the product of in-reservoir transf... more Bituminous tar sand deposit of Southwestern Nigeria represents the product of in-reservoir transformation of convectional crude oil by microorganisms. The biotransformation of the heavy oil has led to the alteration of both the chemical and physical characteristics of this oil. The change in the chemical composition has posed a great problem to the refineries as feedstock tends to react with refineries components thereby destroying refining plant. Hence the commercial production of these resources has not been encouraged. Based on this, 14 samples spread across the tar sand belt of the region were taken and subjected to laboratory analysis. Result shows an average elemental composition of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus to be 80%, 8%, 4.5%, 4.1% and 3.9% respectively. This considerable high Nitrogen and Phosphorus content is due to biodegradation which occur in the trap due to untimely harvest of the oil and water washing effect.
Between 1904 and the 1970s, intense mining was carried out on the Jos Plateau, Nigeria leaving be... more Between 1904 and the 1970s, intense mining was carried out on the Jos Plateau, Nigeria leaving behind its devastating effect both on human lives and its socioeconomic values. An understanding of the aftermath environmental effect of mining should be considered both at mine planning stage and during the exploitaion years of any exploration company. GIS and Remote Sensing was used in mapping out all abandoned ponds around the Jos-Bukuru area. A total of 100 major ponds and 80 minor ponds were mapped out all spread across the area of study. A proper evaluation of past mineral exploration and exploitation using GIS and remote sensing as a tool and from both Spot 5 and Land Sat images observations were drawn out for each of these ponds. These open ponds are scattered in almost all the mineralised areas of the Jos Plateau. With a good knowledge of GIS and accurate interpretation of satellite imagery, challenges in environmental issues, mineral exploration and mine planning would be a thing of the past. This paper recommends that mining activities without plans for reclamation should be discouraged and thorough ground work should be conducted on the Jos plateau to fully explore unreclamed and partially reclaimed mine site as many of these ponds are located in places people would not really suspect.
Bituminous tar sand deposit of South-western Nigeria represents the product of in-reservoir trans... more Bituminous tar sand deposit of South-western Nigeria represents the product of in-reservoir transformation of convectional crude oil by microorganisms. The biotransformation of the heavy oil has led to the alteration of both the chemical and physical characteristics of this oil. The change in the chemical composition has posed a great problem to the refineries as feedstock tends to react with refineries components thereby destroying refining plant. Hence the commercial production of these resources has not been encouraged. Based on this, 14 samples spread across the tar sand belt of the region were taken and subjected to laboratory analysis. Result shows an average elemental composition of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus to be 80%, 8%, 4.5%, 4.1% and 3.9% respectively. This considerable high Nitrogen and Phosphorus content is due to biodegradation which occur in the trap due to untimely harvest of the oil and water washing effect. Keywords: Bituminous Tar Sands, B...
Between 1904 and the 1970s, intense mining was carried out on the Jos Plateau, Nigeria leaving be... more Between 1904 and the 1970s, intense mining was carried out on the Jos Plateau, Nigeria leaving behind its devastating effect both on human lives and its socio-economic values. An understanding of the aftermath environmental effect of mining should be considered both at mine planning stage and during the exploitaion years of any exploration company. GIS and Remote Sensing was used in mapping out all abandoned ponds around the Jos-Bukuru area. A total of 100 major ponds and 80 minor ponds were mapped out all spread across the area of study. A proper evaluation of past mineral exploration and exploitation using GIS and remote sensing as a tool and from both Spot 5 and Land Sat images observations were drawn out for each of these ponds. These open ponds are scattered in almost all the mineralised areas of the Jos Plateau. With a good knowledge of GIS and accurate interpretation of satellite imagery, challenges in environmental issues, mineral exploration and mine planning would be a thing of the past. This paper recommends that mining activities without plans for reclamation should be discouraged and thorough ground work should be conducted on the Jos plateau to fully explore unreclamed and partially reclaimed mine site as many of these ponds are located in places people would not really suspect.
Between 1904 and the 1970s, intense mining was carried out on the Jos Plateau, Nigeria leaving be... more Between 1904 and the 1970s, intense mining was carried out on the Jos Plateau, Nigeria leaving behind its devastating effect both on human lives and its socio-economic values. An understanding of the aftermath environmental effect of mining should be considered both at mine planning stage and during the exploitaion years of any exploration company. GIS and Remote Sensing was used in mapping out all abandoned ponds around the Jos-Bukuru area. A total of 100 major ponds and 80 minor ponds were mapped out all spread across the area of study. A proper evaluation of past mineral exploration and exploitation using GIS and remote sensing as a tool and from both Spot 5 and Land Sat images observations were drawn out for each of these ponds. These open ponds are scattered in almost all the mineralised areas of the Jos Plateau. With a good knowledge of GIS and accurate interpretation of satellite imagery, challenges in environmental issues, mineral exploration and mine planning would be a thing of the past. This paper recommends that mining activities without plans for reclamation should be discouraged and thorough ground work should be conducted on the Jos plateau to fully explore unreclamed and partially reclaimed mine site as many of these ponds are located in places people would not really suspect.
Bituminous tar sand deposit of South-western Nigeria represents the product of in-reservoir trans... more Bituminous tar sand deposit of South-western Nigeria represents the product of in-reservoir transformation of convectional crude oil by microorganisms. The biotransformation of the heavy oil has led to the alteration of both the chemical and physical characteristics of this oil. The change in the chemical composition has posed a great problem to the refineries as feedstock tends to react with refineries components thereby destroying refining plant. Hence the commercial production of these resources has not been encouraged. Based on this, 14 samples spread across the tar sand belt of the region were taken and subjected to laboratory analysis. Result shows an average elemental composition of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus to be 80%, 8%, 4.5%, 4.1% and 3.9% respectively. This considerable high Nitrogen and Phosphorus content is due to biodegradation which occur in the trap due to untimely harvest of the oil and water washing effect.
Bituminous tar sand deposit of Southwestern Nigeria represents the product of in-reservoir transf... more Bituminous tar sand deposit of Southwestern Nigeria represents the product of in-reservoir transformation of convectional crude oil by microorganisms. The biotransformation of the heavy oil has led to the alteration of both the chemical and physical characteristics of this oil. The change in the chemical composition has posed a great problem to the refineries as feedstock tends to react with refineries components thereby destroying refining plant. Hence the commercial production of these resources has not been encouraged. Based on this, 14 samples spread across the tar sand belt of the region were taken and subjected to laboratory analysis. Result shows an average elemental composition of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus to be 80%, 8%, 4.5%, 4.1% and 3.9% respectively. This considerable high Nitrogen and Phosphorus content is due to biodegradation which occur in the trap due to untimely harvest of the oil and water washing effect.
Between 1904 and the 1970s, intense mining was carried out on the Jos Plateau, Nigeria leaving be... more Between 1904 and the 1970s, intense mining was carried out on the Jos Plateau, Nigeria leaving behind its devastating effect both on human lives and its socioeconomic values. An understanding of the aftermath environmental effect of mining should be considered both at mine planning stage and during the exploitaion years of any exploration company. GIS and Remote Sensing was used in mapping out all abandoned ponds around the Jos-Bukuru area. A total of 100 major ponds and 80 minor ponds were mapped out all spread across the area of study. A proper evaluation of past mineral exploration and exploitation using GIS and remote sensing as a tool and from both Spot 5 and Land Sat images observations were drawn out for each of these ponds. These open ponds are scattered in almost all the mineralised areas of the Jos Plateau. With a good knowledge of GIS and accurate interpretation of satellite imagery, challenges in environmental issues, mineral exploration and mine planning would be a thing of the past. This paper recommends that mining activities without plans for reclamation should be discouraged and thorough ground work should be conducted on the Jos plateau to fully explore unreclamed and partially reclaimed mine site as many of these ponds are located in places people would not really suspect.
Bituminous tar sand deposit of South-western Nigeria represents the product of in-reservoir trans... more Bituminous tar sand deposit of South-western Nigeria represents the product of in-reservoir transformation of convectional crude oil by microorganisms. The biotransformation of the heavy oil has led to the alteration of both the chemical and physical characteristics of this oil. The change in the chemical composition has posed a great problem to the refineries as feedstock tends to react with refineries components thereby destroying refining plant. Hence the commercial production of these resources has not been encouraged. Based on this, 14 samples spread across the tar sand belt of the region were taken and subjected to laboratory analysis. Result shows an average elemental composition of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus to be 80%, 8%, 4.5%, 4.1% and 3.9% respectively. This considerable high Nitrogen and Phosphorus content is due to biodegradation which occur in the trap due to untimely harvest of the oil and water washing effect. Keywords: Bituminous Tar Sands, B...
Between 1904 and the 1970s, intense mining was carried out on the Jos Plateau, Nigeria leaving be... more Between 1904 and the 1970s, intense mining was carried out on the Jos Plateau, Nigeria leaving behind its devastating effect both on human lives and its socio-economic values. An understanding of the aftermath environmental effect of mining should be considered both at mine planning stage and during the exploitaion years of any exploration company. GIS and Remote Sensing was used in mapping out all abandoned ponds around the Jos-Bukuru area. A total of 100 major ponds and 80 minor ponds were mapped out all spread across the area of study. A proper evaluation of past mineral exploration and exploitation using GIS and remote sensing as a tool and from both Spot 5 and Land Sat images observations were drawn out for each of these ponds. These open ponds are scattered in almost all the mineralised areas of the Jos Plateau. With a good knowledge of GIS and accurate interpretation of satellite imagery, challenges in environmental issues, mineral exploration and mine planning would be a thing of the past. This paper recommends that mining activities without plans for reclamation should be discouraged and thorough ground work should be conducted on the Jos plateau to fully explore unreclamed and partially reclaimed mine site as many of these ponds are located in places people would not really suspect.
Between 1904 and the 1970s, intense mining was carried out on the Jos Plateau, Nigeria leaving be... more Between 1904 and the 1970s, intense mining was carried out on the Jos Plateau, Nigeria leaving behind its devastating effect both on human lives and its socio-economic values. An understanding of the aftermath environmental effect of mining should be considered both at mine planning stage and during the exploitaion years of any exploration company. GIS and Remote Sensing was used in mapping out all abandoned ponds around the Jos-Bukuru area. A total of 100 major ponds and 80 minor ponds were mapped out all spread across the area of study. A proper evaluation of past mineral exploration and exploitation using GIS and remote sensing as a tool and from both Spot 5 and Land Sat images observations were drawn out for each of these ponds. These open ponds are scattered in almost all the mineralised areas of the Jos Plateau. With a good knowledge of GIS and accurate interpretation of satellite imagery, challenges in environmental issues, mineral exploration and mine planning would be a thing of the past. This paper recommends that mining activities without plans for reclamation should be discouraged and thorough ground work should be conducted on the Jos plateau to fully explore unreclamed and partially reclaimed mine site as many of these ponds are located in places people would not really suspect.
Bituminous tar sand deposit of South-western Nigeria represents the product of in-reservoir trans... more Bituminous tar sand deposit of South-western Nigeria represents the product of in-reservoir transformation of convectional crude oil by microorganisms. The biotransformation of the heavy oil has led to the alteration of both the chemical and physical characteristics of this oil. The change in the chemical composition has posed a great problem to the refineries as feedstock tends to react with refineries components thereby destroying refining plant. Hence the commercial production of these resources has not been encouraged. Based on this, 14 samples spread across the tar sand belt of the region were taken and subjected to laboratory analysis. Result shows an average elemental composition of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Phosphorus to be 80%, 8%, 4.5%, 4.1% and 3.9% respectively. This considerable high Nitrogen and Phosphorus content is due to biodegradation which occur in the trap due to untimely harvest of the oil and water washing effect.
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