Background Puccinia arachidis fungus causes rust disease in the peanut plants (Arachis hypogaea L... more Background Puccinia arachidis fungus causes rust disease in the peanut plants (Arachis hypogaea L.), which leads to high yield loss. Metabolomic profiling of Arachis hypogaea was performed to identify the pathogen-induced production of metabolites involved in the defense mechanism of peanut plants. In this study, two peanut genotypes, one susceptible (JL-24) and one resistant (GPBD-4) were inoculated with Puccinia arachidis fungal pathogen. The metabolic response was assessed at the control stage (0 day without inoculation), 2 DAI (Day after inoculation), 4 DAI and 6 DAI by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Results About 61 metabolites were identified by NIST library, comprising sugars, phenols, fatty acids, carboxylic acids and sugar alcohols. Sugars and fatty acids were predominant in leaf extracts compared to other metabolites. Concentration of different metabolites such as salicylic acid, mannitol, flavonoid, 9,12-octadecadienoic acid, linolenic acid and glucopyranos...
A model aromatic compound, sodium benzoate, is generally used for simulating aromatic pollutants ... more A model aromatic compound, sodium benzoate, is generally used for simulating aromatic pollutants present in textile effluents. Bioremediation of sodium benzoate was studied using the most abundant bacteria, Pseudomonas citronellolis, isolated from the effluent treatment plants of South Gujarat, India. Multiple nutrients constituting the effluent in actual conditions are proposed to have interactive effects on biodegradation which needs to be analyzed strategically for successful field application of developed bioremediation process. Two explicitly different sets of fractional factorial designs were used to investigate the interactive influence of alternative carbon, nitrogen sources, and inorganic micronutrients on sodium benzoate degradation. The process was negatively influenced by the co-existence of other carbon sources and higher concentration of KH2PO4 whereas NH4Cl and MgSO4 exhibited positive effects. Optimized concentrations of NH4Cl, MgSO4, and KH2PO4 were found to be 0.35...
All living beings of various trophic levels in ecosystem depend on the soil as a source of nutrie... more All living beings of various trophic levels in ecosystem depend on the soil as a source of nutrients and depend on soil organisms to release and recycle key nutrient elements by decomposing organic residues. Microbiota of soil plays critical role in the maintenance of soil health and quality by secreting important enzymes, which are capable of function even after being released by the cell. Comparing various types of soils, salinity is profoundly observed in coastal and desert region. Study of such type of soil may give insights for understanding the variations in microbial community and effect of various abiotic factors like, salt concentrations on the same. Studying diversity at the ecosystem level is important to understand range of processes and complexity of interactions. Polyphasic approach of studying microbial community by C source utilization profiling and soil enzyme activity measurement was employed in this study to compare desert and costal ecosystems. Functional diversi...
Engineered nanoparticles have found widespread applications in technology, industry, healthcare a... more Engineered nanoparticles have found widespread applications in technology, industry, healthcare and consumer products today. The magnitude of nanoparticles released by various industrial and domestic processes is as high as 2985 tonnes/year into receiving water bodies. Yet the data on release of nanoparticles from different types of products and their interactions in environment are scanty. These nanoparticles also undergo transformations in complex environment such as those of wastewater treatment plants, making their life cycle assessment difficult. Their high concentrations and the transformed products are expected to have adverse effect on functionality and survival of microflora in treatment plant. Silver and gold nanoparticles were found detrimental at even lower concentration of less than 1 ppm. The important microbial activity in wastewater treatment plants including nitrogen removal by nitrifying bacteria was found to be reduced by 85% and biogas production by 33–50% upon e...
Microbial fuel cell is an emerging technology which has been immensely investigated for wastewate... more Microbial fuel cell is an emerging technology which has been immensely investigated for wastewater treatment along with electricity generation. In the present study, the treatment efficiency of microbial fuel cell (MFC) was investigated for hydrocarbon containing wastewater by optimizing various parameters of MFC. Mediator-less MFC (1.2 l) was constructed and its performance was compared with mediated MFC with E. coli as a biocatalyst. MFC with electrode having biofilm proved to be better when compared with MFC inoculated with suspended cells. Analysis of increasing surface area of electrode by increasing their numbers indicated increase in COD reduction from 55% to 75%. Catholyte volume was optimized to be 750 ml. Sodium benzoate (0.721 g l-1 ) and actual common effluent treatment plant (CETP) wastewater as anolyte produced 0.8 V and 0.6 V voltage and 89% and 50% COD reduction respectively when a novel consortium of 4 bacterial strains were used. Twenty MFC systems with the developed consortium when electrically connected in series-parallel connection were able to generate 2.3 V and 0.5 mA current. This is the first report demonstrating application of CETP wastewater in the MFC system which shows potential of the system towards degradation of complex organic components present in industrial wastewater.
Soil microbial diversity is of utmost importance for functioning of any ecosystem. Samples from c... more Soil microbial diversity is of utmost importance for functioning of any ecosystem. Samples from coastal region of Gujarat, that is, from Alang, Daman, Mandvi, Okha, Porbandar and Veraval, and from desert areas of Bhuj, Dhordo and Khavda were collected. The purpose of our study was enumeration and functional diversity analysis of 14 functional microbial groups of microorganisms present in both ecosystems and correlation of microbial data with abiotic parameters as well as with important soil enzyme activities. Functional diversity was analysed using CLPP. Finally, correlation between abiotic parameters and microbial data was done using SPSS, and various diversity indices values were calculated. We concluded that in comparison to coastal soil, desert soil exhibited high diversity, total activity and richness. PCA analysis displayed that coastal samples were clustered together, while the desert samples were separated from each other and from the coastal samples group. The coastal sites...
India being the developing country faces lots of issues related to energy crisis. Increased popul... more India being the developing country faces lots of issues related to energy crisis. Increased population rate leads to generation of various types of wastes and associated treatment problems. Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) provide new opportunities for the sustainable production of energy from biodegradable, reduced compounds present in wastewater. MFC is a bio-electro-chemical process leading to generation of voltage difference between two electrodes by capable microbes, carrying out oxidation of substrate. In this study, combined wastewater produced by various industries of South Gujarat was investigated as an alternative to pure substrates for generation of electricity. The bacterial culture, isolated from wastewater collected from Common Effluent Treatment Plant (CETPs) of South Gujarat region, identified as Escherichia coli, was used for oxidation of substrates in MFC run under laboratory conditions. This study evaluated and compared the performance of MFC with two different separators, salt bridge and proton exchange membranes in terms of voltage production in dual-chambered system. The use of proton exchange membrane as separator was found to be superior as compared to salt bridge in terms of voltage generation but they were less cost effective. The use of anionic and cationic exchange membrane resulted in production of power density up to 119.4 and 200.6 mW/m2, respectively, in MFC with synthetic wastewater, while the MFC connected with salt bridge produced 148.76 mW/m2 of consistent power density. The organism could reduce COD by 35.72 % from effluent of CETP, Pandesara, South Gujarat and could produce open-circuit voltage of 0.72 V and power density of 200.6 mW/m2 where salt bridge was used as separator. The study indicates the potential of such MFC for treatment of CETP wastewater after process optimization.
Background Puccinia arachidis fungus causes rust disease in the peanut plants (Arachis hypogaea L... more Background Puccinia arachidis fungus causes rust disease in the peanut plants (Arachis hypogaea L.), which leads to high yield loss. Metabolomic profiling of Arachis hypogaea was performed to identify the pathogen-induced production of metabolites involved in the defense mechanism of peanut plants. In this study, two peanut genotypes, one susceptible (JL-24) and one resistant (GPBD-4) were inoculated with Puccinia arachidis fungal pathogen. The metabolic response was assessed at the control stage (0 day without inoculation), 2 DAI (Day after inoculation), 4 DAI and 6 DAI by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Results About 61 metabolites were identified by NIST library, comprising sugars, phenols, fatty acids, carboxylic acids and sugar alcohols. Sugars and fatty acids were predominant in leaf extracts compared to other metabolites. Concentration of different metabolites such as salicylic acid, mannitol, flavonoid, 9,12-octadecadienoic acid, linolenic acid and glucopyranos...
A model aromatic compound, sodium benzoate, is generally used for simulating aromatic pollutants ... more A model aromatic compound, sodium benzoate, is generally used for simulating aromatic pollutants present in textile effluents. Bioremediation of sodium benzoate was studied using the most abundant bacteria, Pseudomonas citronellolis, isolated from the effluent treatment plants of South Gujarat, India. Multiple nutrients constituting the effluent in actual conditions are proposed to have interactive effects on biodegradation which needs to be analyzed strategically for successful field application of developed bioremediation process. Two explicitly different sets of fractional factorial designs were used to investigate the interactive influence of alternative carbon, nitrogen sources, and inorganic micronutrients on sodium benzoate degradation. The process was negatively influenced by the co-existence of other carbon sources and higher concentration of KH2PO4 whereas NH4Cl and MgSO4 exhibited positive effects. Optimized concentrations of NH4Cl, MgSO4, and KH2PO4 were found to be 0.35...
All living beings of various trophic levels in ecosystem depend on the soil as a source of nutrie... more All living beings of various trophic levels in ecosystem depend on the soil as a source of nutrients and depend on soil organisms to release and recycle key nutrient elements by decomposing organic residues. Microbiota of soil plays critical role in the maintenance of soil health and quality by secreting important enzymes, which are capable of function even after being released by the cell. Comparing various types of soils, salinity is profoundly observed in coastal and desert region. Study of such type of soil may give insights for understanding the variations in microbial community and effect of various abiotic factors like, salt concentrations on the same. Studying diversity at the ecosystem level is important to understand range of processes and complexity of interactions. Polyphasic approach of studying microbial community by C source utilization profiling and soil enzyme activity measurement was employed in this study to compare desert and costal ecosystems. Functional diversi...
Engineered nanoparticles have found widespread applications in technology, industry, healthcare a... more Engineered nanoparticles have found widespread applications in technology, industry, healthcare and consumer products today. The magnitude of nanoparticles released by various industrial and domestic processes is as high as 2985 tonnes/year into receiving water bodies. Yet the data on release of nanoparticles from different types of products and their interactions in environment are scanty. These nanoparticles also undergo transformations in complex environment such as those of wastewater treatment plants, making their life cycle assessment difficult. Their high concentrations and the transformed products are expected to have adverse effect on functionality and survival of microflora in treatment plant. Silver and gold nanoparticles were found detrimental at even lower concentration of less than 1 ppm. The important microbial activity in wastewater treatment plants including nitrogen removal by nitrifying bacteria was found to be reduced by 85% and biogas production by 33–50% upon e...
Microbial fuel cell is an emerging technology which has been immensely investigated for wastewate... more Microbial fuel cell is an emerging technology which has been immensely investigated for wastewater treatment along with electricity generation. In the present study, the treatment efficiency of microbial fuel cell (MFC) was investigated for hydrocarbon containing wastewater by optimizing various parameters of MFC. Mediator-less MFC (1.2 l) was constructed and its performance was compared with mediated MFC with E. coli as a biocatalyst. MFC with electrode having biofilm proved to be better when compared with MFC inoculated with suspended cells. Analysis of increasing surface area of electrode by increasing their numbers indicated increase in COD reduction from 55% to 75%. Catholyte volume was optimized to be 750 ml. Sodium benzoate (0.721 g l-1 ) and actual common effluent treatment plant (CETP) wastewater as anolyte produced 0.8 V and 0.6 V voltage and 89% and 50% COD reduction respectively when a novel consortium of 4 bacterial strains were used. Twenty MFC systems with the developed consortium when electrically connected in series-parallel connection were able to generate 2.3 V and 0.5 mA current. This is the first report demonstrating application of CETP wastewater in the MFC system which shows potential of the system towards degradation of complex organic components present in industrial wastewater.
Soil microbial diversity is of utmost importance for functioning of any ecosystem. Samples from c... more Soil microbial diversity is of utmost importance for functioning of any ecosystem. Samples from coastal region of Gujarat, that is, from Alang, Daman, Mandvi, Okha, Porbandar and Veraval, and from desert areas of Bhuj, Dhordo and Khavda were collected. The purpose of our study was enumeration and functional diversity analysis of 14 functional microbial groups of microorganisms present in both ecosystems and correlation of microbial data with abiotic parameters as well as with important soil enzyme activities. Functional diversity was analysed using CLPP. Finally, correlation between abiotic parameters and microbial data was done using SPSS, and various diversity indices values were calculated. We concluded that in comparison to coastal soil, desert soil exhibited high diversity, total activity and richness. PCA analysis displayed that coastal samples were clustered together, while the desert samples were separated from each other and from the coastal samples group. The coastal sites...
India being the developing country faces lots of issues related to energy crisis. Increased popul... more India being the developing country faces lots of issues related to energy crisis. Increased population rate leads to generation of various types of wastes and associated treatment problems. Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs) provide new opportunities for the sustainable production of energy from biodegradable, reduced compounds present in wastewater. MFC is a bio-electro-chemical process leading to generation of voltage difference between two electrodes by capable microbes, carrying out oxidation of substrate. In this study, combined wastewater produced by various industries of South Gujarat was investigated as an alternative to pure substrates for generation of electricity. The bacterial culture, isolated from wastewater collected from Common Effluent Treatment Plant (CETPs) of South Gujarat region, identified as Escherichia coli, was used for oxidation of substrates in MFC run under laboratory conditions. This study evaluated and compared the performance of MFC with two different separators, salt bridge and proton exchange membranes in terms of voltage production in dual-chambered system. The use of proton exchange membrane as separator was found to be superior as compared to salt bridge in terms of voltage generation but they were less cost effective. The use of anionic and cationic exchange membrane resulted in production of power density up to 119.4 and 200.6 mW/m2, respectively, in MFC with synthetic wastewater, while the MFC connected with salt bridge produced 148.76 mW/m2 of consistent power density. The organism could reduce COD by 35.72 % from effluent of CETP, Pandesara, South Gujarat and could produce open-circuit voltage of 0.72 V and power density of 200.6 mW/m2 where salt bridge was used as separator. The study indicates the potential of such MFC for treatment of CETP wastewater after process optimization.
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