Papers by Global Journal of Psychology Research: New Trends and Issues
Global Journal of Psychology Research: New Trends and Issues
Concerns about body image dissatisfaction have become a global phenomenon. This quantitative stud... more Concerns about body image dissatisfaction have become a global phenomenon. This quantitative study examined the differences of body image satisfaction in adolescent girls with regard to stress and negative affect. The sample comprised 80 adolescents from Kaunas gymnasium (mean age = 15.57 years). The respondents completed the Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire, Negative Affect Scale (PANAS-X) and Reeder Stress Inventory. Data were analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 22. The main aim of our study was to test the different aspects of body image in Lithuanian adolescent girls with regard to stress and negative affect. The results of this study showed that participants with higher stress were more dissatisfied with their body areas and less satisfied with their appearance compared to those who reported feeling less stressed. Girls with a higher negative affect were more dissatisfied with their body areas, tended to invest less in their appearance and also thought they weighed more; furthermore, they were more concerned with their weight and, in general, were less satisfied with their appearance. The results of the present study demonstrated that in addition to examining negative affect, it is also important to investigate other emotional components, which could be related to body image dissatisfaction, such as perceived stress. It may be beneficial to consider these two risk factors while improving body image dissatisfaction prevention.
Global Journal of Psychology Research: New Trends and Issues
The economic hardship that has plagued Zimbabwe has led to a shift from the traditionally intact ... more The economic hardship that has plagued Zimbabwe has led to a shift from the traditionally intact family to a singleparenthood family. Many factors lead to single parenthood including divorce, separation of all kinds and deaths. Single parenthood negatively impacts on students' academic development. The researcher explored influences of Single-Parenthood to Academic-Performances (AP) of Grade 6 and 7 students at Mutare Junior School in the Manical and Region of Zimbabwe. The researcher used 'cross-sectional study design' to collect data using criterion attainment tests, 'the Wide Range Achievement Test Level 1 (WRAT-1)' on 80 students under controlled situations having 40 Single-Parent-Homes (SPH)and 40Double-Parent-Homes (DPH)students. School-established examinations complemented data from theWRAT-1 outcome. Tables and 'T-tests' were used for analysis of data. Results revealed children from DPH performing statistically better on the criterion test than those from SPH (t = −4.928, significance value 0.05). The results also indicated males performing better than females both from SPH on the criterion test (t = −4.196, significance value 0.05). In future, research should focus on different single-parent homes to AP.
Global Journal of Psychology Research: New Trends and Issues
The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference between selected demographic characte... more The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference between selected demographic characteristics and employees' job satisfaction in government organizations. The study used a descriptive survey design. Data were collected from 112 government employees selected as sample members by using a stratified random sampling technique. To determine the levels of government employees' job satisfaction, a one-sample t-test was used and an independent t-test was used for measuring whether there exists a significant difference between employees' sex group on their job satisfaction, whereas a one-way analysis of variance analysis technique was applied to measure whether there exists a significant difference among government employees' job satisfaction on their age, educational level and work experience. The following findings were obtained; employees had a significantly lower level of satisfaction on their jobs, job satisfaction of employees remained the same regardless of sex group differences and regardless of age, years of service and educational level group differences.
Global Journal of Psychology Research: New Trends and Issues
This study sought to unearth the challenges and coping strategies of caregivers with family membe... more This study sought to unearth the challenges and coping strategies of caregivers with family members under palliative care. As a high-density suburb, Mufakose is a dwelling place for the most economically marginalised members of the Zimbabwe urban dwellers. Having a family member under palliative care while being from a low social class has its ramifications and this was what the researcher sought to find out by carrying a qualitative research on six care givers (n = 6) sampled by purposive sampling. In-depth interviews guided by a self-constructed interview guide were used to collect data and thematic analysis was used for analysis. The interviews were carried out in Shona, the local language for the participants, and responses were later translated to English. The study indicated that the caregivers encountered a myriad of challenges ranging from social, economic and health problems. Disturbed sleeping patterns, weight loss, stress, inhibited social mobility, strained family relationships, limited health information about the illness, role conflict and increased financial constraints were the major cited challenges. The research established that caregivers are proactive and numerous coping strategies are used in dealing with the challenges. The coping strategies being used can be classified into appraisal-focused, problem-focused and emotionfocused. Although some coping strategies are maladaptive, most of them are quite adaptive, and with effective interventions the fortunes and lifestyle of caregivers can be overturned.
Global Journal of Psychology Research: New Trends and Issues
The purpose of the study was to explore the process of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disclos... more The purpose of the study was to explore the process of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disclosure to children living with perinatal HIV at Mpilo Opportunistic Clinic (OI) in Bulawayo Metropolitan Province. The qualitative approach was used to study the topic and a phenomenological research design was used to describe the process of disclosure to children living with perinatal HIV. Data were collected through in-depth interviews. The data collected revealed that the HIV status disclosure to adolescents was difficult for caregivers, which caused the disclosure to be done later than recommended by the Ministry of Health and Child Care Zimbabwe. This had a significant negative impact on the psychological well-being of children who also struggled to disclose their status to others. The study revealed that the HIV counsellors lacked skills to counsel on psychological issues. The researcher recommended that psychologist be integrated in the formulation of an HIV manual and be employed at OI clinics to counsel children and caregivers.
Global Journal of Psychology Research: New Trends and Issues
Corona virus disease (COVID-19), a pandemic which emerged in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, has ... more Corona virus disease (COVID-19), a pandemic which emerged in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, has caused a global crisis with most nations resorting to adopting national lockdowns to contain the spread of the virus. While the pandemic and the lockdowns have caused distress, this study seeks to explore the positive implications of the lockdown in Zimbabwe. The objectives of the research were to explore the benefits of the COVID-19 lockdown to family life in Zimbabwe, identify the positive psychosocial implications of the COVID-19 lockdown on individuals and explore the coping mechanisms adopted by people dealing with the temporary change of lifestyle caused by the lockdown. A qualitative research approach was used, utilizing a phenomenological research design. A total of 10 participants took part in the study. Purposive sampling was applied to carry out the study. Data were collected using a semi-structured interview guide. The interviews were conducted using the WhatsApp platform. This was done to uphold the social distancing stipulations. Data were analysed through the use of thematic analysis. Major findings of the research were that parents were able to plan accordingly and avoid unnecessary impulsive buying. Parents had the opportunity to do a self-reflection. Parents and their families were able to seek God and be close to him through praying, read the bible and follow live streaming of church services online. Parents and their families stayed entertained through socializing with friends and relatives using social media platforms and by doing indoor exercises. One of the recommendations of the study is that the government should provide citizens with accurate and real-time updates to lessen anxiety among the people, as some people mislead other by giving false information.
Global Journal of Psychology Research: New Trends and Issues
Hypertension is one of the leading diseases of the cardiovascular system. It is manifested by cha... more Hypertension is one of the leading diseases of the cardiovascular system. It is manifested by changes in arterial stiffness. Cardiovascular reactivity, especially blood pressure (BP), changes during the cold pressor test (CPT) depending on various factors. Undoubtedly, stress is one of the most important factors. The aim of this study is to investigate the various effects of CPT on cardiovascular responses in healthy young subjects. A total of 56 healthy individuals aged between 21 and 26 years were investigated. The cardiovascular responses (BP, heart rate and aortic pulse wave velocity) to CPT were recorded by using the applanation tonometry. The Medical Outcomes Study Sleep Scale and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory were used. 32.14% (n = 18) of the individuals who showed differences in systolic BP more than 22 mm Hg and differences in diastolic BP more than 18 mm Hg after the CPT were defined as hyperreactors. Hyperreactors showed a significantly higher increase in sleep disturbances (p > 0.01) and anxiety when compared to normoreactors. The CPT used to diagnose cardiovascular reactivity in young individuals and the assessment of perceived stress can help identify candidates who are at risk of hypertonic disease in the future.
Global Journal of Psychology Research: New Trends and Issues
Mobile phone sexting is increasingly becoming central to college students' communication. Underst... more Mobile phone sexting is increasingly becoming central to college students' communication. Understanding the prevalence rates and psychological predictors in an understudied population in sub-Saharan Africa therefore warrants concern. This survey study sought to examine (a) sexting prevalence rates, (b) impulsivity traits and (c) whether emotions moderate the relationship between impulsivity traits and sexting. Data from 464 undergraduate students were collected using a questionnaire measuring impulsivity, emotions and engagement in sexting, which were analysed using descriptive statistics, t-tests and regression analysis. Sexting was reported by over half the sample, and men compared to women significantly sent and responded to sexts. Lack of premeditation predicted sending but not responding; positive urgency predicted responding but not sending; and sensation seeking predicted both aspects of sexting. Desire, fear and happiness moderated the relationship between impulsivity traits and sexting. The findings suggest that under specific heightened emotions, impulsive individuals are more likely to sext. It is recommended that more focus be placed on the psychological contexts of sexting in young adults' relationship formation and maintenance in a changing digital world.
Global Journal of Psychology Research: New Trends and Issues
The purpose of this research was to examine the role of loyalty where employees perceive the effe... more The purpose of this research was to examine the role of loyalty where employees perceive the effect on their psychological contract breach of the bank's intention to leave the call centre operating in Turkey. For this purpose, the literature was examined and a research questionnaire was prepared based on the psychological contract violation (PC), intention to quit and perception of loyalty. This survey was used to collect data of 634 banking call centres operating in Turkey using the sampling method. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 25 and LISREL 8.7 statistical package programmes were applied in the analysis of the research data. Structural equation modelling was used to test the research hypothesis. In the relationship between (PC) and turnover intention, employee-perceived loyalty has a partial mediating role. This result is considered important for bank managers and human resources specialists who want to improve their success and the quality of the service they offer to their customers. In this study, only the perceptions of the employee were examined. It is also recommended to examine the perceptions of managers working in different sectors.
Global Journal of Psychology Research: New Trends and Issues
This study aims to investigate the influence of curiosity on subjective well-being (SWB). More sp... more This study aims to investigate the influence of curiosity on subjective well-being (SWB). More specifically, we examine the mediating role that the Big Five personality traits play in the relationships between these two variables. To this purpose, we used questionnaires in order to measure curiosity (Curiosity and Exploration Inventory-II), SWB (Satisfaction with Life Scale and Scale of Positive and Negative Experiences) and the Big Five personality factors (Big Five Inventory-10) in a case of a sample of 330 undergraduates (Mean age = 18.93). The analysis carried out is based on correlations, regressions and structural equation modelling. The model obtained using structural equation modelling revealed a significant relationship between curiosity and SWB via personality characteristics (χ²/df =1.74; comparative fit index = 0.95; root mean square error of approximation = 0.051; standardised root mean square residual = 0.032). Therefore, curiosity correlates significantly with SWB, but individuals characterised by a high degree of curiosity tend to have well-developed well-being since they tend to be extroverted, perseverant and emotionally stable. Future studies should also focus on other types of personality traits.
Global Journal of Psychology Research: New Trends and Issues
The high morbidity and mortality associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) have led to an inc... more The high morbidity and mortality associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) have led to an increasing extent of research
into its aetiology. The main focus was initially on biological risk factors. Whilst these factors do account for half of the
variances in cardiovascular disease risk, researchers have begun to focus on identifying the psychological and behavioural risk
factors. Feeling socially excluded or rejected threatens people’s mental and physical well-being. Arterial stiffening may
underlie the association between social rejection and cardiovascular disease. This study aims to investigate the associations
between fear of being laughed at (gelotophobia) as a sign of social rejection and indicators of subclinical cardiovascular
symptoms—central arterial stiffness and to determine whether this association is independent of or mediated by anxiety.
Methods: The demographic data (age, gender, education, marital status and occupation), smoking status and body weight
were collected, and all the individuals were subjected to instrumental measurement of the condition of the arterial walls
using applanation tonometry, EKG and blood pressure (BP) measurement. Data collection tools: A self-assessment
questionnaire, measuring anxiety and gelotophobia, was used. Conclusions: In this study, individuals with a specific fear of
being laughed at and ridiculed, who always perceive other persons’ laughter as a threat, showed the higher pulse wave
velocity. This is a confirmation of the idea that social rejection is a significant factor for CVD and confirmation of the
usefulness of the assessment of gelotophobia in the process of clarifying social rejection. Recommendation: The study results
support the idea that the fear of being laughed at (gelotophobia) can be used as a sign and predictor of social rejection and
social isolation. On this point, the future research can be addressed to the creation of interventions for social rejection relief
and early detection and reduction of subclinical cardiovascular symptoms, before cardiovascular health problems develop.
Global Journal of Psychology Research: New Trends and Issues
The purpose of this study was to identify the impact of TV news on the perception and processing ... more The purpose of this study was to identify the impact of TV news on the perception and processing of emotional footage of a historical documentary. We noted that the emotional frames taken from TV news stories are relatively weak emotional stimuli compared to the emotional frames of historical documentary. The subjects exposed to the pre-stimulus evaluated the Holocaust pictures as more unpleasant and more activating than those not exposed it. The event-related potentials (ERP) recorded during the presentation of the negative (historical) images had various amplitudes of oscillations due to the preliminary affective impact of TV news footage. The amplitude of the frontal ERP component that related to the decisionmaking (P300) was bigger in the group without preliminary exposure to the emotional TV news frames due to the reduced sensitivity to the content of images. In this case, the historical images attracted less attention and demanded less emotional effort for emotional evaluation of visual information, analysis, retrieval of information from memory and semantic processes, namely searching for the meaning of the pictures (occipital P300 and the late positive potential). Short-term media effects include alterations of sensitivity towards the emotional content of visual information.
Global Journal of Psychology Research: New Trends and Issues
The main purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between hope, intolerance of uncert... more The main purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between hope, intolerance of uncertainty and resilience levels in parents having disability children, and also to make a comparison of the levels of hope, intolerance of uncertainty and resilience between parents having disability children and parents having normal children. With ease of accessibility sampling, parents having disability children (Ndis=174) and parents having normal children (Nnor=99) from Kütahya were selected to gather data. 220 participants were female, while 53 were male (Ntotal=273). In this research, the Integrative Hope Scale, Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale and Resilience Appraisal Scale were applied in order to determine the levels of hope, intolerance of uncertainty and resilience of the parents. As a result, the parents having disability children were observed to have higher levels of intolerance of uncertainty and lower levels of hope and resilience than parents having normal children. Moreover, there are statistically significant relationships between hope, intolerance of uncertainty and resilience. Finally, having disability children and disability types are the important factors for high intolerance of uncertainty and low hope and resilience levels.
Global Journal of Psychology Research: New Trends and Issues
This study aims to review the studies which are evaluated the efficacy of parent training and par... more This study aims to review the studies which are evaluated the efficacy of parent training and parent therapies. This article is a systematic review, and a literature search was performed for all published studies from March to July 2019 parent training programmes that report any retention and dropout data. To accomplish the purpose of the study, we compiled the studies from different databases including the following: Academic Search Complete, Science Direct, Medline, Scopus, Mendeley, PubMed, Crossref and Google Scholar, which published between 1998 and 2018. 'Parent, parent training, parent trainingefficacy, parent behaviour, parental behaviour, parent training interventions, parental, parenting, parent education and parenting skills' words were used to identify the related studies. In designing the research, we discussed the research features of the participants and groups, training programs, sessions, therapists, methods, materials, measurements and results. A total of 23 studies met the search criteria. According to the reviewed results, after the parent training and therapies, parents moved away from violence and embraced more positive behaviours, and the violence of children decreased. As a result, it was seen that parent training and therapies contributed positively to the relationship between parent and child.
Global Journal of Psychology Research: New Trends and Issues
Counselling service is new to the Eritrean education system and its implementation has not been e... more Counselling service is new to the Eritrean education system and its implementation has not been easy. Despite counselling services being part of the educational policy and the curriculum, the use of counselling service is in its initial stages in many schools in Eritrea. This study assessed counselling approaches used in solving students' disciplinary problems in secondary schools in Keren sub-zone, Anseba Region, Eritrea. This study adopted a mixed method research design across a target population that comprised 5 schools, 1,500 students, 100 teachers, 5 teacher counsellors and 5 head teachers. Systematic sampling and simple random and purposive sampling were used to select schools and the participants of the study. Questionnaires and interview guides were used for data collection. Data gathered through questionnaires were processed using descriptive statistical techniques involving frequencies, percentages and means. Data gathered through an interview guide were analysed and presented using quotes, themes and narrative descriptions. The results of this study show that most students (59.8%) and teachers (56.3%) reported that a combination of corporal punishment and counselling was used to handle students' discipline. This study also found out that corporal punishment was more practiced by public schools compared to private schools. This study further found out that approaches such as individual counselling, peer counselling and group counselling were rarely used in managing students' discipline. Moreover, mentoring and student-focused intervention were more used in Keren secondary schools in handling students discipline.
Global Journal of Psychology Research: New Trends and
Father absence is a trend that has been on the surge globally and locally, and its effects can be... more Father absence is a trend that has been on the surge globally and locally, and its effects can be felt in children's lives up to adulthood. This study sought to explore how father absence mediates sexual partner preference amongst women who would have grown without their biological fathers. This was achieved by comparing the sexual partner preferences of women who grew up without fathers against those who grew up with their fathers. A quantitative approach was taken, particularly employing an ex post facto research design. A one-stage cluster sampling strategy was used to select 392 women, who participated in this study. Of the 392 participants, 168 were women who had grown up in father-absent homes, whereas the remaining 224 had grown up with a resident father. A standardised instrument, the mate preference questionnaire, was used to collect data. This study revealed that father absence influences the preference of a sexual partner, particularly the age gap with the preferred romantic partner, physical aspects of the sexual partner and values about chastity. Women who grew up in fatherless homes showed a preference for good looks and masculinity in a romantic over issues such as good financial prospect and ambitiousness and industriousness. The most preferred characteristic expressed by women who emerged from father-absent homes was that the romantic partner should be a father figure. This study recommends that voluntary organisations that promote fatherhood programs should be set up to raise awareness on the importance of fathering. Moreover, future research should explore the impact of father absence amongst married women so as to ascertain if father absence affects relationships within a marriage.
Global Journal of Psychology Research, 2019
Mental health issues, such as excessive stress, anxiety and depression, are common among the coll... more Mental health issues, such as excessive stress, anxiety and depression, are common among the college students. Students from minority populations disproportionally experience these issues, which impacts their overall functioning. It is well known that African Americans and others underutilise mental health service and are more likely to discontinue services even when they seek such services. Given this observation, the present study examines the attitude of African American college students towards seeking mental health services. Specifically, the study will highlight negative stereotypes attached to seeking mental health services, and how these impact the willingness of African American college students to seek mental health services. The study will explore ways to combat these negative stereotypes. Additionally, the study will also discuss the many barriers that come in to play with African Americans in seeking mental health opportunities.
Global Journal of Psychology Research, 2019
The assertion that people are more likely to help identified as opposed to unidentified victims h... more The assertion that people are more likely to help identified as opposed to unidentified victims has not been investigated among secondary victims. This experimental study examined a) whether identifiability predicted changes in observers' sympathy for a secondary victim; b) whether sympathy for a single primary victim is transferred as helping behaviour to a secondary victim and c) whether sympathy mediated the relationship between identifiability and helping behaviour. The sample comprised 130 undergraduate students at a university in Kenya. Their age ranged from 20 to 24 years (M = 22.09). Data were collected using a questionnaire and analysed using SPSS 25. Significant gender differences in helping, significant differences in sympathy and helping by identifiability were found. Sympathy significantly mediated the influence of identifiability on helping. Findings provide support for the role of identifiability and affective reactions in decision making concerning helping indirect victims. Future directions are discussed.
Global Journal of Psychology Research, 2019
This research compares the effect of problem-solving and stress management skills by two methods,... more This research compares the effect of problem-solving and stress management skills by two methods, tradition and workshop, in reducing tendency to addiction on male students in the academic years 91-92. The research population included all male students in the College of literature, Science and humanities in Arak University, in which, 30 students were selected by available sampling method. The students were placed in two groups with random selection. The first group were trained by the traditional method of problem-solving and stress management skills, and the second group were trained each skills with workshop method. Statistical analysis of the data demonstrated that training problem solving and stress management skills using both traditional and workshop method have been effective in reducing the tendency to addiction. Providing training on the problem-solving and stress management skills can enable individuals behave effectively, and thus, as a coping strategy, prevent them from tendency to addiction.
Global Journal of Psychology Research, 2019
The aim of this study is to predict the trends in drug use and sensation seeking on the basis of ... more The aim of this study is to predict the trends in drug use and sensation seeking on the basis of religious orientation in students of Islamic Azad University Branch of Roodehen in the first semester of the school year 92-93. For this purpose, 120 male and female students who have been selected for a random sample of correlation between the two variables is an indicator variable and, religious orientation Alport, Zuckerman Sensation Seeking and attitude to drug use that all tests have been completed standardisation Iranian issue. As a result of this study, among variables, it can be stated that sensation seeking, experience seeking, adventure and boredom are significant predictors for basic variable (towards drug abuse), whereas diversity, avoid forbidding, internal and external religious orientation are not significant predictors for basic variable (towards drug abuse).
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Papers by Global Journal of Psychology Research: New Trends and Issues
into its aetiology. The main focus was initially on biological risk factors. Whilst these factors do account for half of the
variances in cardiovascular disease risk, researchers have begun to focus on identifying the psychological and behavioural risk
factors. Feeling socially excluded or rejected threatens people’s mental and physical well-being. Arterial stiffening may
underlie the association between social rejection and cardiovascular disease. This study aims to investigate the associations
between fear of being laughed at (gelotophobia) as a sign of social rejection and indicators of subclinical cardiovascular
symptoms—central arterial stiffness and to determine whether this association is independent of or mediated by anxiety.
Methods: The demographic data (age, gender, education, marital status and occupation), smoking status and body weight
were collected, and all the individuals were subjected to instrumental measurement of the condition of the arterial walls
using applanation tonometry, EKG and blood pressure (BP) measurement. Data collection tools: A self-assessment
questionnaire, measuring anxiety and gelotophobia, was used. Conclusions: In this study, individuals with a specific fear of
being laughed at and ridiculed, who always perceive other persons’ laughter as a threat, showed the higher pulse wave
velocity. This is a confirmation of the idea that social rejection is a significant factor for CVD and confirmation of the
usefulness of the assessment of gelotophobia in the process of clarifying social rejection. Recommendation: The study results
support the idea that the fear of being laughed at (gelotophobia) can be used as a sign and predictor of social rejection and
social isolation. On this point, the future research can be addressed to the creation of interventions for social rejection relief
and early detection and reduction of subclinical cardiovascular symptoms, before cardiovascular health problems develop.
into its aetiology. The main focus was initially on biological risk factors. Whilst these factors do account for half of the
variances in cardiovascular disease risk, researchers have begun to focus on identifying the psychological and behavioural risk
factors. Feeling socially excluded or rejected threatens people’s mental and physical well-being. Arterial stiffening may
underlie the association between social rejection and cardiovascular disease. This study aims to investigate the associations
between fear of being laughed at (gelotophobia) as a sign of social rejection and indicators of subclinical cardiovascular
symptoms—central arterial stiffness and to determine whether this association is independent of or mediated by anxiety.
Methods: The demographic data (age, gender, education, marital status and occupation), smoking status and body weight
were collected, and all the individuals were subjected to instrumental measurement of the condition of the arterial walls
using applanation tonometry, EKG and blood pressure (BP) measurement. Data collection tools: A self-assessment
questionnaire, measuring anxiety and gelotophobia, was used. Conclusions: In this study, individuals with a specific fear of
being laughed at and ridiculed, who always perceive other persons’ laughter as a threat, showed the higher pulse wave
velocity. This is a confirmation of the idea that social rejection is a significant factor for CVD and confirmation of the
usefulness of the assessment of gelotophobia in the process of clarifying social rejection. Recommendation: The study results
support the idea that the fear of being laughed at (gelotophobia) can be used as a sign and predictor of social rejection and
social isolation. On this point, the future research can be addressed to the creation of interventions for social rejection relief
and early detection and reduction of subclinical cardiovascular symptoms, before cardiovascular health problems develop.