Kokum (Garcinia indica), an underutilized fruit native to India, has gained attention in recent ... more Kokum (Garcinia indica), an underutilized fruit native to India, has gained attention in recent years for its potential as a functional food. Kokum is recognized for its rich content of bioactive compounds, including hydroxyl citric acid, garcinol, and anthocyanins, which possess potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-obesity properties. These bioactive compounds contribute to the fruit’s potential to mitigate chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer, by exerting protective effects on cellular and molecular mechanisms. Furthermore, Kokum exhibits a remarkable nutritional profile, abundant in essential nutrients such as vitamins, minerals, and dietary fibres. These components contribute to its functional food attributes, including promoting cardio-, neural, hepato- and gastrointestinal health.
Cowpea, popularly grown as Alsando (Red Bold Variety) or Chowli (the less bold cream coloredcream... more Cowpea, popularly grown as Alsando (Red Bold Variety) or Chowli (the less bold cream coloredcream-colored variety) is a major pulse crop of the state of Goa cultivated in the rice fallows during rabi season under residual soil moisture conditions. Harvest and post harvestpost-harvest losses of Cowpea were estimated by primary and secondary data collected from 50 Cowpea farmers from five villages each in the two districts, North and South of Goa and 9 storage godowns in the year 2012-13. The results showed that in spite of the crop being highly remunerative, it was cultivated in only 40 % of the paddy area. The average losses on field were 10.84 % for harvest, followed by 6.96% for threshing and 4.34 % for storage as calculated from primary data collected on farm. Secondary data showed that the awareness of losses during harvest and post-harvest unit operations was very less as they reported zero losses. The pulse has a high storage insect pest, pulse borer (Callosobruchus maculatus, Callosobruchus chinensis)incidence and hence was stored only for seed purpose in some cases for a year and generally disposed of by the month of May in the godowns and by September at household level. In spite of having high returns, high local demand and nutraceutical value, the crop is not grown in large area due to labour intensive unit operations and high pest incidence. Sensitizing the farmers on good management practices and development of a drudgery free harvesting device can make this remunerative crop popular in the state.
OA is a small coastal state of India with abundant wealth of native fruit trees like jack fruit, ... more OA is a small coastal state of India with abundant wealth of native fruit trees like jack fruit, kokum, jamun, karonda etc. Among these fruit crops, jack produces abundant crop every year even under neglected condition. Based on the bulb texture, there are two types of jack fruits viz., firm and soft types (referred as kappa and rassal respectively in Konkani). However, the consumption of jack fruits is disproportionate to the fruit production in the state. Key reasons those can be attributed to this situation are, 60-70% of the trees being soft fleshed, rendering them less preferred for dessert purpose and availability of fruits during June-July coinciding peak monsoons. But one need not wait for the soft fleshed types to ripen, perhaps till monsoons and allow them to drop on ground and decompose. There are ample opportunities for value addition in both firm and soft types of jack fruit in all stages of maturity right from immature to well ripened stage. It can't be denied that there are few small and marginal entrepreneurs in Goa, who are involved in value addition. However, in order to establish it in large scale, a strong awareness has to be created among the local folk of Goa. In this endeavour, Awareness Trainings were imparted to tribal farmers of Goa. During the trainings, demonstrations of various value added products were shown to them, by various experts. Mrs Sunetra Talaulikar, SMS (Home Science), KVK, North Goa and Mrs Nirmala Singh demonstrated different dishes made from jack fruit in Konkan and North Indian style respectively. Mrs. Padmini Sivadasan, from Kerala demonstrated nearly 20 items from jack fruit. She has a strong passion for jack fruit and is a winner of Kerala State Award for demonstrating 100 items from jack fruit in one day in State Exhibition of Kerala. All the three experts shared their recipes readily during the programmes, for which we are grateful. Recipes of all the items demonstrated and also few more interesting recipes shared by them have been compiled in this bulletin. Besides imparting awareness and knowledge on value addition, capacity building was also accomplished to the tribal farmers of Goa. They were distributed with processing machinery like, jack fruit cutter, chips cutter, electric cabinet dryer, wet grinder, kokum cutting machine, sealing machine and related accessories like utensils, knives etc. The tribal Self Help Groups who are beneficiaries of this programme A Guide on Jack Fruit-Cultivation and Value Addition vii will be guided in future for establishment of strong forward and backward linkages, facilitating proper packaging, labelling and marketing, including FPO certification. Emphasis will be given in imparting trainings to more and more farmers of Goa on value addition in jack fruit. At the same time, capacity building of marginal farmers in processing such native fruits of Goa will also be focussed upon. A sum up of basic details about jack fruit, its improved cultivation aspects, scope for value addition, different ready to refer recipes and the various programmes on Awareness and Capacity Building to tribal farmers of Goa has been furnished in this Technical Bulletin.
Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, in conjunction with artificial neural networks, has been... more Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, in conjunction with artificial neural networks, has been used for identification and classification of selected foodborne pathogens. Five bacterial species (Enterococcus faecium, Salmonella Enteritidis, Bacillus cereus, Yersinia enterocolitica, Shigella boydii) and five Escherichia coli strains (O103, O55, O121, O30, O26) suspended in phosphate-buffered saline were enumerated to provide seven different concentrations ranging from 10 9 to 10 3 CFU/ ml. The trained artificial neural networks were then validated with an independent subset of samples and compared with the traditional plate count method. It was found that the concentration-based classification of the species was 100% correct and the strain-based classification was 90 to 100% accurate.
FTIR absorbance spectra in conjunction with artificial neural networks (ANNs) were used to differ... more FTIR absorbance spectra in conjunction with artificial neural networks (ANNs) were used to differentiate selected microorganisms at the generic and serogroup levels. The ANN consisted of three layers with 595 input nodes, 50 nodes at the hidden layer, and 5 output nodes (one for each microorganism or strain). Ten replications of each experiment were conducted, and 70% of the data was used for training and 30% for validation of the network. Results indicated that differentiation could be achieved at an accuracy of 80% to 100% at the generic level and 90% to 100% at the serogroup level at 103 CFU/mL concentration.
FTIR absorbance spectra of four foodborne pathogens suspended in four common food matrices at thr... more FTIR absorbance spectra of four foodborne pathogens suspended in four common food matrices at three different concentrations were used with artificial neural networks (ANNs) for identification and quantification. The classification accuracy of the ANNs was 93.4% for identification and 95.1% for quantification when validated using a subset of the data set. The accuracy of the ANNs when validated for identification of the pathogens studied at four different concentrations using an independent data set had an accuracy range from 60% to 100% and was strongly influenced by background noise. The pathogens could be identified irrespective of the food matrix in which they were suspended, although the classification accuracy was reduced at lower concentrations. More sophisticated background noise filtration techniques are needed to further improve the predictions.
International journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management, Sep 30, 2022
The experiment was conducted at the research farm of ICAR- Central Coastal Agricultural Research ... more The experiment was conducted at the research farm of ICAR- Central Coastal Agricultural Research Institute, Goa, India during 2016–2019 to estimate the crop water requirement (CWR) of pineapple during different growth stages and compare the pineapple crop performance and economic viability at different irrigation systems. Crop water requirement of pineapple was calculated based on the consolidated weather data of 14 years and crop evapotranspiration (ETc) of pineapple at different growth stages using Penman-Montieth equation using CROPWAT 8.0 software. In the experiemtal location, maximum crop evapotranspiration was found in the month of May (81 mm month-1) and the minimum was in the month of July (25 mm month-1). Crop water requirement was the highest in April (0.67 litre day-1 plant-1). During the period of monsoon, irrigation was withdrawn due to sufficienct soil moisture situation. Performance of pineapple crop under different systems of irrigation viz., surface irrigation, drip irrigation and drip fertigation was studied and found that the highest plant height (76.90 cm), D leaf width (5.45 cm), number of leaves (43), D leaf weight (150.3 g) and fruit weight (2.35 kg) were in drip fertigation. An estimated yield of 96.80 t ha-1 was recorded under drip fertigation treatment followed by drip irrigation (90.99 t ha-1) and surface irrigation (76.45 t ha-1) treatments. The cost economics analysis of pineapple production under different treatments revealed that the highest gross returns (` 14.5 lakhs), net returns (` 7.9 lakhs) and B:C ratio (1.2) were in drip fertigation treatment. Adoption of drip fertigation system in pineapple crop under west coast agro-climatic conditions of Goa is helpful to enhance the crop growth and yield of pineapple and fetch good economic returns.
This paper assessed the impact of the mechanization of the 8 tribal paddy farmers' groups of Goa ... more This paper assessed the impact of the mechanization of the 8 tribal paddy farmers' groups of Goa benefited in the year 2011 through the Tribal sub-plan program of ICAR-CCARI through results of surveys conducted in 2012 and 2015. Shift to mechanization among beneficiaries was significant in power tillers (64-100%) but less in power reapers (0-91%). Also significant saving in manpower (Power tillers: 33.3% to 60%, power reapers: 33.3% to 83.3%), time (field capacity increased (power tillers : 41.7% to 141%), power reapers: 58.1% to 912.8%) and cost (power tillers: 44.7%, to 59.1%) power reapers: 57.8% to 82.9%) was reported through the use of equipment as compared to desi plough or manual methods of harvesting. Some constraints like lack of access roads and training in use and maintenance of the equipment were reported by the beneficiary farmers.
International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management
The experiment was conducted at the research farm of ICAR- Central Coastal Agricultural Research ... more The experiment was conducted at the research farm of ICAR- Central Coastal Agricultural Research Institute, Goa, India during 2016–2019 to estimate the crop water requirement (CWR) of pineapple during different growth stages and compare the pineapple crop performance and economic viability at different irrigation systems. Crop water requirement of pineapple was calculated based on the consolidated weather data of 14 years and crop evapotranspiration (ETc) of pineapple at different growth stages using Penman-Montieth equation using CROPWAT 8.0 software. In the experiemtal location, maximum crop evapotranspiration was found in the month of May (81 mm month-1) and the minimum was in the month of July (25 mm month-1). Crop water requirement was the highest in April (0.67 litre day-1 plant-1). During the period of monsoon, irrigation was withdrawn due to sufficienct soil moisture situation. Performance of pineapple crop under different systems of irrigation viz., surface irrigation, drip...
Cultivation of solanaceous vegetables such as eggplant and tomato is severely affected by bacteri... more Cultivation of solanaceous vegetables such as eggplant and tomato is severely affected by bacterial wilt in the coastal regions of India. The causal agent Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum is soilborne bacterium, highly diverse, and able to survive in soil for many years without a host. Five bacterial wilt resistant eggplant (Solanum melongena) rootstock lines were evaluated by challenge inoculation and were found to show different levels of wilt incidence. Grafts of eggplant made on two rootstocks (S0004 and Surya) recorded reduced incidence of bacterial wilt (10 to 40%) during greenhouse evaluation while in nongrafted seedlings, the wilt incidence was 80 to 100%. Field evaluation of eggplant grafts made on Solanum torvum (Turkey berry), S0004, and Surya reduced the incidence of bacterial wilt compared to nongrafted seedlings. The lowest wilt incidence (0 and 15–40%) was observed in the field evaluations where S. torvum was used as rootstock, while the nongrafted control recorded 93–100...
Cultivation of solanaceous vegetables such as eggplant and tomato is severely affected by bacteri... more Cultivation of solanaceous vegetables such as eggplant and tomato is severely affected by bacterial wilt in the coastal regions of India. e causal agent Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum is soilborne bacterium, highly diverse, and able to survive in soil for many years without a host. Five bacterial wilt resistant eggplant (Solanum melongena) rootstock lines were evaluated by challenge inoculation and were found to show different levels of wilt incidence. Grafts of eggplant made on two rootstocks (S0004 and Surya) recorded reduced incidence of bacterial wilt (10 to 40%) during greenhouse evaluation while in nongrafted seedlings, the wilt incidence was 80 to 100%. Field evaluation of eggplant grafts made on Solanum torvum (Turkey berry), S0004, and Surya reduced the incidence of bacterial wilt compared to nongrafted seedlings. e lowest wilt incidence (0 and 15-40%) was observed in the field evaluations where S. torvum was used as rootstock, while the nongrafted control recorded 93-100% wilt. Tomato seedlings grafted on S. torvum, Surya, and S0004 recorded very low bacterial wilt incidence (0 to 15%) under greenhouse evaluation while the nongrafted seedlings recorded 80 to 100% wilt. Reduced bacterial wilt incidence (23 to 40%) was observed in grafts of polyhouse-grown tomato hybrid (GS-600) made on S. torvum while the nongrafted seedlings were severely affected (80 to 100%) in evaluation trials conducted for two years. From this study, it is evident that grafting of susceptible eggplant and tomato on resistant rootstocks, viz., S. torvum and Surya, could be a promising strategy in bacterial wilt management.
The microclimate in a double-span greenhouse (with screened vents on all four sides and roof) was... more The microclimate in a double-span greenhouse (with screened vents on all four sides and roof) was studied under wind driven and fan ventilated conditions in 2014-2016. The greenhouse air temperature and relative humidity were monitored year round (ranged from 52.3 to 13.5°C and 100 to 18% in wind driven condition as compared to an ambient air temperature and humidity of 38 to 15°C and 99 to 20%, respectively), while air velocities were measured for short periods with full grown tomato crop at various locations of the greenhouse under wind driven and fan ventilated conditions. The air temperature and relative humidity in the fan (2 nos. 25 cfm)ventilated greenhouse with tomato crop (ranged from 34.4 to 25.3°C and 99 to 30%, respectively, as compared to ambient air temperature and relative humidity of 43 to 11°C, and 96 to 20%, respectively). The highly heterogeneous distribution of air velocities inside the structure under wind driven conditions (east span: (-154.26) to 52.04% and west span: (-68.62) to 39.22%) were improved significantly by the installation of fans (east span: 19.02 to 39.90%, west span: (-57.19) to 39.90%).
Fourier transform–infrared spectroscopy, in conjunction with artificial neural networks, has been... more Fourier transform–infrared spectroscopy, in conjunction with artificial neural networks, has been used for identification and classification of selected foodborne pathogens. Five bacterial species (Enterococcus faecium, Salmonella Enteritidis, Bacillus cereus, Yersinia enterocolitica, Shigella boydii) and five Escherichia coli strains (O103, O55, O121, O30, O26) suspended in phosphate-buffered saline were enumerated to provide seven different concentrations ranging from 109 to 103 CFU/ml. The trained artificial neural networks were then validated with an independent subset of samples and compared with the traditional plate count method. It was found that the concentration-based classification of the species was 100% correct and the strain-based classification was 90 to 100% accurate.
FTIR absorbance spectra in conjunction with artificial neural networks (ANNs) were used to differ... more FTIR absorbance spectra in conjunction with artificial neural networks (ANNs) were used to differentiate selected microorganisms at the generic and serogroup levels. The ANN consisted of three layers with 595 input nodes, 50 nodes at the hidden layer, and 5 output nodes (one for each microorganism or strain). Ten replications of each experiment were conducted, and 70% of the data was used for training and 30% for validation of the network. Results indicated that differentiation could be achieved at an accuracy of 80% to 100% at the generic level and 90% to 100% at the serogroup level at 103 CFU/mL concentration.
Kokum (Garcinia indica), an underutilized fruit native to India, has gained attention in recent ... more Kokum (Garcinia indica), an underutilized fruit native to India, has gained attention in recent years for its potential as a functional food. Kokum is recognized for its rich content of bioactive compounds, including hydroxyl citric acid, garcinol, and anthocyanins, which possess potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-obesity properties. These bioactive compounds contribute to the fruit’s potential to mitigate chronic diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer, by exerting protective effects on cellular and molecular mechanisms. Furthermore, Kokum exhibits a remarkable nutritional profile, abundant in essential nutrients such as vitamins, minerals, and dietary fibres. These components contribute to its functional food attributes, including promoting cardio-, neural, hepato- and gastrointestinal health.
Cowpea, popularly grown as Alsando (Red Bold Variety) or Chowli (the less bold cream coloredcream... more Cowpea, popularly grown as Alsando (Red Bold Variety) or Chowli (the less bold cream coloredcream-colored variety) is a major pulse crop of the state of Goa cultivated in the rice fallows during rabi season under residual soil moisture conditions. Harvest and post harvestpost-harvest losses of Cowpea were estimated by primary and secondary data collected from 50 Cowpea farmers from five villages each in the two districts, North and South of Goa and 9 storage godowns in the year 2012-13. The results showed that in spite of the crop being highly remunerative, it was cultivated in only 40 % of the paddy area. The average losses on field were 10.84 % for harvest, followed by 6.96% for threshing and 4.34 % for storage as calculated from primary data collected on farm. Secondary data showed that the awareness of losses during harvest and post-harvest unit operations was very less as they reported zero losses. The pulse has a high storage insect pest, pulse borer (Callosobruchus maculatus, Callosobruchus chinensis)incidence and hence was stored only for seed purpose in some cases for a year and generally disposed of by the month of May in the godowns and by September at household level. In spite of having high returns, high local demand and nutraceutical value, the crop is not grown in large area due to labour intensive unit operations and high pest incidence. Sensitizing the farmers on good management practices and development of a drudgery free harvesting device can make this remunerative crop popular in the state.
OA is a small coastal state of India with abundant wealth of native fruit trees like jack fruit, ... more OA is a small coastal state of India with abundant wealth of native fruit trees like jack fruit, kokum, jamun, karonda etc. Among these fruit crops, jack produces abundant crop every year even under neglected condition. Based on the bulb texture, there are two types of jack fruits viz., firm and soft types (referred as kappa and rassal respectively in Konkani). However, the consumption of jack fruits is disproportionate to the fruit production in the state. Key reasons those can be attributed to this situation are, 60-70% of the trees being soft fleshed, rendering them less preferred for dessert purpose and availability of fruits during June-July coinciding peak monsoons. But one need not wait for the soft fleshed types to ripen, perhaps till monsoons and allow them to drop on ground and decompose. There are ample opportunities for value addition in both firm and soft types of jack fruit in all stages of maturity right from immature to well ripened stage. It can't be denied that there are few small and marginal entrepreneurs in Goa, who are involved in value addition. However, in order to establish it in large scale, a strong awareness has to be created among the local folk of Goa. In this endeavour, Awareness Trainings were imparted to tribal farmers of Goa. During the trainings, demonstrations of various value added products were shown to them, by various experts. Mrs Sunetra Talaulikar, SMS (Home Science), KVK, North Goa and Mrs Nirmala Singh demonstrated different dishes made from jack fruit in Konkan and North Indian style respectively. Mrs. Padmini Sivadasan, from Kerala demonstrated nearly 20 items from jack fruit. She has a strong passion for jack fruit and is a winner of Kerala State Award for demonstrating 100 items from jack fruit in one day in State Exhibition of Kerala. All the three experts shared their recipes readily during the programmes, for which we are grateful. Recipes of all the items demonstrated and also few more interesting recipes shared by them have been compiled in this bulletin. Besides imparting awareness and knowledge on value addition, capacity building was also accomplished to the tribal farmers of Goa. They were distributed with processing machinery like, jack fruit cutter, chips cutter, electric cabinet dryer, wet grinder, kokum cutting machine, sealing machine and related accessories like utensils, knives etc. The tribal Self Help Groups who are beneficiaries of this programme A Guide on Jack Fruit-Cultivation and Value Addition vii will be guided in future for establishment of strong forward and backward linkages, facilitating proper packaging, labelling and marketing, including FPO certification. Emphasis will be given in imparting trainings to more and more farmers of Goa on value addition in jack fruit. At the same time, capacity building of marginal farmers in processing such native fruits of Goa will also be focussed upon. A sum up of basic details about jack fruit, its improved cultivation aspects, scope for value addition, different ready to refer recipes and the various programmes on Awareness and Capacity Building to tribal farmers of Goa has been furnished in this Technical Bulletin.
Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, in conjunction with artificial neural networks, has been... more Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, in conjunction with artificial neural networks, has been used for identification and classification of selected foodborne pathogens. Five bacterial species (Enterococcus faecium, Salmonella Enteritidis, Bacillus cereus, Yersinia enterocolitica, Shigella boydii) and five Escherichia coli strains (O103, O55, O121, O30, O26) suspended in phosphate-buffered saline were enumerated to provide seven different concentrations ranging from 10 9 to 10 3 CFU/ ml. The trained artificial neural networks were then validated with an independent subset of samples and compared with the traditional plate count method. It was found that the concentration-based classification of the species was 100% correct and the strain-based classification was 90 to 100% accurate.
FTIR absorbance spectra in conjunction with artificial neural networks (ANNs) were used to differ... more FTIR absorbance spectra in conjunction with artificial neural networks (ANNs) were used to differentiate selected microorganisms at the generic and serogroup levels. The ANN consisted of three layers with 595 input nodes, 50 nodes at the hidden layer, and 5 output nodes (one for each microorganism or strain). Ten replications of each experiment were conducted, and 70% of the data was used for training and 30% for validation of the network. Results indicated that differentiation could be achieved at an accuracy of 80% to 100% at the generic level and 90% to 100% at the serogroup level at 103 CFU/mL concentration.
FTIR absorbance spectra of four foodborne pathogens suspended in four common food matrices at thr... more FTIR absorbance spectra of four foodborne pathogens suspended in four common food matrices at three different concentrations were used with artificial neural networks (ANNs) for identification and quantification. The classification accuracy of the ANNs was 93.4% for identification and 95.1% for quantification when validated using a subset of the data set. The accuracy of the ANNs when validated for identification of the pathogens studied at four different concentrations using an independent data set had an accuracy range from 60% to 100% and was strongly influenced by background noise. The pathogens could be identified irrespective of the food matrix in which they were suspended, although the classification accuracy was reduced at lower concentrations. More sophisticated background noise filtration techniques are needed to further improve the predictions.
International journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management, Sep 30, 2022
The experiment was conducted at the research farm of ICAR- Central Coastal Agricultural Research ... more The experiment was conducted at the research farm of ICAR- Central Coastal Agricultural Research Institute, Goa, India during 2016–2019 to estimate the crop water requirement (CWR) of pineapple during different growth stages and compare the pineapple crop performance and economic viability at different irrigation systems. Crop water requirement of pineapple was calculated based on the consolidated weather data of 14 years and crop evapotranspiration (ETc) of pineapple at different growth stages using Penman-Montieth equation using CROPWAT 8.0 software. In the experiemtal location, maximum crop evapotranspiration was found in the month of May (81 mm month-1) and the minimum was in the month of July (25 mm month-1). Crop water requirement was the highest in April (0.67 litre day-1 plant-1). During the period of monsoon, irrigation was withdrawn due to sufficienct soil moisture situation. Performance of pineapple crop under different systems of irrigation viz., surface irrigation, drip irrigation and drip fertigation was studied and found that the highest plant height (76.90 cm), D leaf width (5.45 cm), number of leaves (43), D leaf weight (150.3 g) and fruit weight (2.35 kg) were in drip fertigation. An estimated yield of 96.80 t ha-1 was recorded under drip fertigation treatment followed by drip irrigation (90.99 t ha-1) and surface irrigation (76.45 t ha-1) treatments. The cost economics analysis of pineapple production under different treatments revealed that the highest gross returns (` 14.5 lakhs), net returns (` 7.9 lakhs) and B:C ratio (1.2) were in drip fertigation treatment. Adoption of drip fertigation system in pineapple crop under west coast agro-climatic conditions of Goa is helpful to enhance the crop growth and yield of pineapple and fetch good economic returns.
This paper assessed the impact of the mechanization of the 8 tribal paddy farmers' groups of Goa ... more This paper assessed the impact of the mechanization of the 8 tribal paddy farmers' groups of Goa benefited in the year 2011 through the Tribal sub-plan program of ICAR-CCARI through results of surveys conducted in 2012 and 2015. Shift to mechanization among beneficiaries was significant in power tillers (64-100%) but less in power reapers (0-91%). Also significant saving in manpower (Power tillers: 33.3% to 60%, power reapers: 33.3% to 83.3%), time (field capacity increased (power tillers : 41.7% to 141%), power reapers: 58.1% to 912.8%) and cost (power tillers: 44.7%, to 59.1%) power reapers: 57.8% to 82.9%) was reported through the use of equipment as compared to desi plough or manual methods of harvesting. Some constraints like lack of access roads and training in use and maintenance of the equipment were reported by the beneficiary farmers.
International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management
The experiment was conducted at the research farm of ICAR- Central Coastal Agricultural Research ... more The experiment was conducted at the research farm of ICAR- Central Coastal Agricultural Research Institute, Goa, India during 2016–2019 to estimate the crop water requirement (CWR) of pineapple during different growth stages and compare the pineapple crop performance and economic viability at different irrigation systems. Crop water requirement of pineapple was calculated based on the consolidated weather data of 14 years and crop evapotranspiration (ETc) of pineapple at different growth stages using Penman-Montieth equation using CROPWAT 8.0 software. In the experiemtal location, maximum crop evapotranspiration was found in the month of May (81 mm month-1) and the minimum was in the month of July (25 mm month-1). Crop water requirement was the highest in April (0.67 litre day-1 plant-1). During the period of monsoon, irrigation was withdrawn due to sufficienct soil moisture situation. Performance of pineapple crop under different systems of irrigation viz., surface irrigation, drip...
Cultivation of solanaceous vegetables such as eggplant and tomato is severely affected by bacteri... more Cultivation of solanaceous vegetables such as eggplant and tomato is severely affected by bacterial wilt in the coastal regions of India. The causal agent Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum is soilborne bacterium, highly diverse, and able to survive in soil for many years without a host. Five bacterial wilt resistant eggplant (Solanum melongena) rootstock lines were evaluated by challenge inoculation and were found to show different levels of wilt incidence. Grafts of eggplant made on two rootstocks (S0004 and Surya) recorded reduced incidence of bacterial wilt (10 to 40%) during greenhouse evaluation while in nongrafted seedlings, the wilt incidence was 80 to 100%. Field evaluation of eggplant grafts made on Solanum torvum (Turkey berry), S0004, and Surya reduced the incidence of bacterial wilt compared to nongrafted seedlings. The lowest wilt incidence (0 and 15–40%) was observed in the field evaluations where S. torvum was used as rootstock, while the nongrafted control recorded 93–100...
Cultivation of solanaceous vegetables such as eggplant and tomato is severely affected by bacteri... more Cultivation of solanaceous vegetables such as eggplant and tomato is severely affected by bacterial wilt in the coastal regions of India. e causal agent Ralstonia pseudosolanacearum is soilborne bacterium, highly diverse, and able to survive in soil for many years without a host. Five bacterial wilt resistant eggplant (Solanum melongena) rootstock lines were evaluated by challenge inoculation and were found to show different levels of wilt incidence. Grafts of eggplant made on two rootstocks (S0004 and Surya) recorded reduced incidence of bacterial wilt (10 to 40%) during greenhouse evaluation while in nongrafted seedlings, the wilt incidence was 80 to 100%. Field evaluation of eggplant grafts made on Solanum torvum (Turkey berry), S0004, and Surya reduced the incidence of bacterial wilt compared to nongrafted seedlings. e lowest wilt incidence (0 and 15-40%) was observed in the field evaluations where S. torvum was used as rootstock, while the nongrafted control recorded 93-100% wilt. Tomato seedlings grafted on S. torvum, Surya, and S0004 recorded very low bacterial wilt incidence (0 to 15%) under greenhouse evaluation while the nongrafted seedlings recorded 80 to 100% wilt. Reduced bacterial wilt incidence (23 to 40%) was observed in grafts of polyhouse-grown tomato hybrid (GS-600) made on S. torvum while the nongrafted seedlings were severely affected (80 to 100%) in evaluation trials conducted for two years. From this study, it is evident that grafting of susceptible eggplant and tomato on resistant rootstocks, viz., S. torvum and Surya, could be a promising strategy in bacterial wilt management.
The microclimate in a double-span greenhouse (with screened vents on all four sides and roof) was... more The microclimate in a double-span greenhouse (with screened vents on all four sides and roof) was studied under wind driven and fan ventilated conditions in 2014-2016. The greenhouse air temperature and relative humidity were monitored year round (ranged from 52.3 to 13.5°C and 100 to 18% in wind driven condition as compared to an ambient air temperature and humidity of 38 to 15°C and 99 to 20%, respectively), while air velocities were measured for short periods with full grown tomato crop at various locations of the greenhouse under wind driven and fan ventilated conditions. The air temperature and relative humidity in the fan (2 nos. 25 cfm)ventilated greenhouse with tomato crop (ranged from 34.4 to 25.3°C and 99 to 30%, respectively, as compared to ambient air temperature and relative humidity of 43 to 11°C, and 96 to 20%, respectively). The highly heterogeneous distribution of air velocities inside the structure under wind driven conditions (east span: (-154.26) to 52.04% and west span: (-68.62) to 39.22%) were improved significantly by the installation of fans (east span: 19.02 to 39.90%, west span: (-57.19) to 39.90%).
Fourier transform–infrared spectroscopy, in conjunction with artificial neural networks, has been... more Fourier transform–infrared spectroscopy, in conjunction with artificial neural networks, has been used for identification and classification of selected foodborne pathogens. Five bacterial species (Enterococcus faecium, Salmonella Enteritidis, Bacillus cereus, Yersinia enterocolitica, Shigella boydii) and five Escherichia coli strains (O103, O55, O121, O30, O26) suspended in phosphate-buffered saline were enumerated to provide seven different concentrations ranging from 109 to 103 CFU/ml. The trained artificial neural networks were then validated with an independent subset of samples and compared with the traditional plate count method. It was found that the concentration-based classification of the species was 100% correct and the strain-based classification was 90 to 100% accurate.
FTIR absorbance spectra in conjunction with artificial neural networks (ANNs) were used to differ... more FTIR absorbance spectra in conjunction with artificial neural networks (ANNs) were used to differentiate selected microorganisms at the generic and serogroup levels. The ANN consisted of three layers with 595 input nodes, 50 nodes at the hidden layer, and 5 output nodes (one for each microorganism or strain). Ten replications of each experiment were conducted, and 70% of the data was used for training and 30% for validation of the network. Results indicated that differentiation could be achieved at an accuracy of 80% to 100% at the generic level and 90% to 100% at the serogroup level at 103 CFU/mL concentration.
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citric acid, garcinol, and anthocyanins, which possess potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-obesity properties. These bioactive compounds contribute to the fruit’s potential to mitigate chronic diseases, such as
cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer, by exerting protective effects on cellular and molecular mechanisms. Furthermore, Kokum exhibits a remarkable nutritional profile, abundant in essential nutrients such as vitamins, minerals, and dietary fibres. These components contribute to its functional food attributes, including promoting cardio-, neural, hepato- and gastrointestinal health.
citric acid, garcinol, and anthocyanins, which possess potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-obesity properties. These bioactive compounds contribute to the fruit’s potential to mitigate chronic diseases, such as
cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer, by exerting protective effects on cellular and molecular mechanisms. Furthermore, Kokum exhibits a remarkable nutritional profile, abundant in essential nutrients such as vitamins, minerals, and dietary fibres. These components contribute to its functional food attributes, including promoting cardio-, neural, hepato- and gastrointestinal health.