Papers by Ibrahim M . Alarifi
Polymer Composites, 2023
Dried leaves are the outstanding origin of cellulosic plant matter, and it is securing reputation... more Dried leaves are the outstanding origin of cellulosic plant matter, and it is securing reputation as a renewable resource. Dried leaves fiber is suggested to possess the capability to substitute synthetic fibers in polymer laminates as a reinforcing component. The novelty of the present study reveals the effect of dried leaves fiber, cobalt, nickel, and ferrous reinforcement on the physical, mechanical, and thermal characteristics of epoxy, vinyl-ester, and polyester polymers using artificial neural network (ANN) technique. These composites Highlights • Dried leaves and cobalt/nickel/ferrous are applied reinforcement to polymers. • Composites fabricated using ultrasonication bath-assisted wet layup technique. • LM Algorithm-based ANN selected for predicting the best composite. • Higher mechanical and thermal stability with dried leaves-cobalt filler. • One-way ANOVA proved statistically significant within the material properties.
Construction and Building Materials, 2023
The physical, mechanical, and thermal characteristics of loofa fiber-alumina (Al 2 O 3) and loofa... more The physical, mechanical, and thermal characteristics of loofa fiber-alumina (Al 2 O 3) and loofa fiber-aluminum silicon carbide (Al-SiC) reinforced with epoxy, vinyl-ester, and polyester hybrid composites were experimentally studied. The polymer hybrid laminates were fabricated using an ultrasonication probe-assisted wet-layup technique. The outcomes show that flexural, impact, and tensile characteristics were higher for loofa fiber-Al-SiC reinforcement than other samples due to minimal voids and uniform dispersion of fillers within the matrices as observed from scanning electron microscope (SEM) images. Minimum water absorption and thickness swelling characteristics were examined for the composite specimen reinforced with loofa fiber-Al-SiC fillers. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was performed, and the laminate was observed to be thermally stable up to 436 • C. Also, forecasting models were simulated using an artificial neural network (ANN) to perceive schemes in data by varying certain factors. The outcomes collected signified that loofa fiber-Al-SiC-based laminate could substitute traditionally applied materials and provide real-world directions. A one-way ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) technique was performed to check the significance between the physical, mechanical, and thermal characteristics of developed polymer hybrid composites and found significant under a 95 % confidence level. Based on the results, the loofa fiber-Al-SiC reinforced polymer hybrid laminate exhibited improved tensile, impact, and flexural characteristics along with remarkable thermal stability, recommends multi-faceted applications in industries demanding lightweight yet strong materials like automotive and aerospace field, where structural integrity and decrement in weight are dominant.
Polymer Composites, 2023
In this work, artificial bones composed of hydroxyapatite (HA)/polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and polyla... more In this work, artificial bones composed of hydroxyapatite (HA)/polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and polylactic acid (PLA) were prepared as a potential replacement for natural bone. The cylindrical specimens included an auxetic system with artificial osteons. HA/PAN and PLA were used to fabricate composite filaments by fused deposition modeling three-dimensional (3D) printing, and the obtained filaments were applied to produce reentrant artificial bone materials. Scanning electron microscopy was used to analyze the scaffold morphology and functional groups. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy was used for elemental analysis. The compressive properties of the samples were studied to determine the optimal scaffolding prototype. Compressive tests were also performed to assess the behavior of the cellular structure from a mechanical perspective. Finally, ANOVA and residual plots were used to investigate the contributions of the design elements, predict the y-coordination of the stress values, and evaluate the printing orientation. The results indicated that the auxetic cells influenced the bone macrostructure, which displayed different stiffness characteristics in one working direction. Polymeric solution biomaterials based on HA/PAN and PLA biopolymers have enormous potential as high-performance liquid synthetic organic polymers for light-supported extrusion-based 3D printing. PLA/HA scaffoldings with outstanding medical conversion capability may be used as biomaterial composites for bone deficiency restoration.
Materials Today: Proceedings, 2023
Solar cell layers technology has achieved global standing in the solar cell layers deposition pro... more Solar cell layers technology has achieved global standing in the solar cell layers deposition process, and it covers the innovative methods and techniques in significant applications. Recent solar cell layers technology has an advanced interest in a refined approach to enhance performance and highlights the importance of recent proficient procedures for manufacturing. For example, the application is used to search for novel materials for solar cells' layers to clarify the current energy crisis. The technological process and various types of solar cells depend on climate change. Among them, layers of solar cells and silicon wafer solar cells are very encouraging. Solar cell layers technology has led to solar cells being a more reasonable active option in design and production. The productivities facilitated by new solar cells still need to be enhanced for the various processes involved in the additional enhancement from Copper Indium Gallium Selenide (CIGS) microfilms to solar cell crystal structure dye-sensitized solar cells. The hydrophobic coating works as an anti-dust coating, enhancing efficiency and decreasing the cost of cleaning solar cells. In Saudi Arabia Majmaah City, most solar projects are in dry regions, where the dusty weather reduces solar cell efficiency. Therefore, combining these two properties and applying an antireflective and superhydrophobic coating will increase solar cell efficiency by 20%. Solar cells' crystal structure results are substituted with layers or new materials to balance environmental impact and toxic nature.
Polymer Composites, 2022
The effect of printing angle on the mechanical behavior of 3D printed carbon fiber reinforced nyl... more The effect of printing angle on the mechanical behavior of 3D printed carbon fiber reinforced nylon composites is investigated. Three types of print angles, namely angular, vertical and horizontal, are considered in the present study. Dynamic mechanical analysis, and flexural and tensile tests are performed to
Polymer Testing, 2023
This research presents a novel methodology for simulating the failure of a 3D-printed engineering... more This research presents a novel methodology for simulating the failure of a 3D-printed engineering design structure. Fused deposition modeling (FDM) of polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG)/Carbon fiber (CF) material was utilized to develop and build the structure's topology. The mechanical characteristics of PETG/CF materials were evaluated through modeling, which was quantitatively linked to the experimental results. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to evaluate the fracture surface material before and after failure testing. The actual tests and numerical studies used five different fabrication structures which were correlated with deformation, force, and failure mode. ANSYS software was used with experimental results and finite element analysis (FEA) under both dynamic and quasi-static conditions. Five 3D printed materials of PETG reinforced with short CFs of approximately 7.6 μm in a weight fraction of 20% were investigated. The overall goal was to create a cost-effective and straightforward material production technology that can retain high mechanical strength while also providing suitable flexibility. The tensile test results of the 3D-printed PETG/CF solid structural design revealed a 23% improvement in yield strength over the other conventional structures. The study illustrates how FEA of 3D printing is used to evaluate the performance of a helmet chinstrap design with different production conditions, hence possibly reducing the product design and development time.
Journal of Natural Fibers, 2022
The natural, glass, and carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites are currently being replaced c... more The natural, glass, and carbon fiber reinforced polymer composites are currently being replaced conventional materials due to their lower specific weight and superior strength properties. Natural fiber-reinforced polymer composites (NFRPCs) have grown in importance in real world applications recently due to a growing focus on the environmental and sustainability elements of engineering materials. The difficulty of machining FRP composites, which results in dimensional errors, poor product quality, and material damage, is due to their inhomogeneity, ease of deformation, and anisotropic nature. Moreover, this review gives an insight regarding recent developments and challenges that will help for upcoming researchers. The non-homogeneous properties and insufficient ductility of natural and synthetic fiber-reinforced composites have produced fracturing and discontinuous chips during the machining operations. The machinability of FRP composites depends on the constituents present in the composites. More delaminations were found in the natural fiber composites due to improper bonding and less compatibility with the polymer matrices, also the lower heat resistant property of the natural fibers causes serious problems during the machining process. Hence more studies are needed to decrease the thrust force and delamination damages in carbon, glass, and natural fiber reinforced polymer composites.
Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 2023
Carbon fibers (CFs) were used as reinforcement in developing a polyethylene terephthalate glycol ... more Carbon fibers (CFs) were used as reinforcement in developing a polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG)-based polymer composite using the fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing technique. The influence of CF and process factors (infill percentage, layer thickness, infill pattern) were studied by measuring the prepared polymer composite's tensile, flexural, and compressive properties. The innovative work that was carried out for this study and the tests that were performed revealed that it is difficult to predict the position of the specimen break area before a test. The PETG-reinforced polymer only showed enhanced flexural and tensile strength at a layer thickness of 0.25 mm and a maximum infill percentage of 20% for a solid structural design. Compressive strength improved in reinforced PETG hexagonal and circle structures. The confirmation of the numerical modeling applied to determine the mechanical properties of PETG for FDM additive manufacturing is one of the goals suggested in this research, along with a comparison of experimental and computational data. Scanning electron microscopy examination of the fractured sample surfaces revealed various fracture mechanisms and morphologies for the materials tested. The research found that the 3D-printed composite could further expand the application of PETG as an engineering material.
Journal of Materials Research and Technology, 2022
3D printed fiber reinforced composites are replacing metals and thermosetting polymers due to the... more 3D printed fiber reinforced composites are replacing metals and thermosetting polymers due to their lightweight structure and mechanical performance. Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is an additive manufacturing technology that can produce complicated functioning parts. Samples of Nylforce composite materials were manufactured at three different raster orientations (0 , 45 , and 90) with the help of a 3D printer. In order to evaluate the mechanical properties of the nylon composites with carbon fibers (CF) and glass fiber (GF); 3-point flexural tests were carried out. The highest stiffness (modulus) was found for nylon þ GF composite at room temperature, indicating that the material can better resist bending forces. On the other hand, the nylon þ CF composite exhibited elastic behavior, lower flexural strength, and higher deflection. Overall, the flexural strength of composites was improved because the interface between the nylon matrix and fibers provided good stress transfer. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) also clearly indicated that the nylon þ GF composite material had maximum storage modulus, loss modulus and complex modulus with low tan d, indicating improved fiber/matrix interfacial interaction and limitation of polymer chain mobility. Moreover, scanning electron microscope (SEM) images revealed that the main drawbacks for nylon composite material were void formation, fiber pull-out, and fiber breakage. Generally, the results of this research provide a unique knowledge base regarding the structural behaviors and the mechanical properties of nylon composites built with 3D printing technology. Finally, the findings of the current research will be beneficial in the application of these composite materials in their end-use.
Journal of Nuclear and Radiation Sciences, 2022
In this review article, the research considers the current innovation regarding the selection of ... more In this review article, the research considers the current innovation regarding the selection of polymer composites materials that are reinforced with micro and nano particles, specifically to use as radiation shields. The effectiveness of a substance as a radiation shield is often evaluated based on how well it can prevent the penetration of incident radiation via various interaction processes. However beneficial radiation may be to human health and the environment, it also poses a considerable risk. There hasn't been a lot of investigation into the shielding capabilities of FRP Fiber-reinforced plastic composites with lead nanoparticle extracts. In this research, seven different possible shielding materials are offered. These materials are embedded ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymers containing silicon, silicon carbide, and boron carbide. It is possible to conclude that the incorporation of lead nanoparticles into fiber composite materials is suggested for various applications. The investigated composite material had qualities like improved high strength, density, and exceptional hardness. One example of this would be requests in the aviation industry, which require light weights but are exposed to high radiation levels.
Materials
The present study aimed at evaluating the mechanical performance under bending loads of circular ... more The present study aimed at evaluating the mechanical performance under bending loads of circular hollow sections of steel. Different bending tests have been carried out by applying two-point loads, to determine and examine the effects of the diameter, the thickness of the section, and the span of the beam on the performance of the steel tube. The effects of square opening and variation in the number of openings on the performance of these sections have also been examined. Ten samples of hollow circular beams of varying thickness (2 mm, 3 mm, and 6 mm), varying diameter (76.2 mm, 101.6 mm, and 219 mm), and varying span (1000 mm, 1500 mm, and 2000 mm) were fabricated and tested for pre-failure and post-failure stages. The dimensions of the reference specimen considered were 3 mm in thickness, 101.6 mm in diameter, and 1500 mm in span. The results have shown that on increasing the section thickness by 200%, ductility and bearing strength were enhanced by 58.04% and 81.75%, respectively...
Journal of Materials Research and Technology
Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composite materials have huge demand in various fields due to thei... more Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composite materials have huge demand in various fields due to their low weight and better mechanical qualities. Machining of FRP composite materials without damage is quite difficult using traditional machining systems owing to their intrinsic anisotropy, heterogeneity, and temperature sensitivity. Abrasive water jet machining (AWJM) is a known versatile technique to address the machining of FRP composite with minimal damage. However, kerf taper and delamination are the significant damages usually recorded in AWJM. The present work aims to minimize the above-said damages by applying a hybrid grey relational analysis (GRA)-principal component analysis (PCA) mathematical model. The glass and carbon fibers are used as reinforcements in the epoxy matrix. Nine experiments are conducted by considering hydraulic pressure, the mass flow of abrasive, standoff distance and transverse speed as machining parameters at three different levels each. The experimental and empirical results reveal that the mass flow of abrasive and hydraulic pressure are significant parameters to minimize the kerf damage, whereas the mass flow of abrasive and standoff distance are the parameters to reduce the delamination damage. The confirmation experiment based on the recommended optimized parameter records the reduction in delamination damage and kerf width damage to 33.9% and 11.72 %, respectively. The adequacy and accuracy of the proposed mathematical model is being performed with the value of indicators R² and adjR², which are all closer to one.
Materials
Circular hollow steel tube columns are widely used in high-rise buildings and bridges due to thei... more Circular hollow steel tube columns are widely used in high-rise buildings and bridges due to their ductility and lower weight compared to reinforced concrete. The use of this type of steel section has several advantages over using reinforced concrete members. The present study investigates the bending behavior of steel circular hollow sections when subjected to bending loads. The variations in material characteristics with regard to position along the cross-section of a steel tube member is first considered in this experimental study, providing for a more accurate definition of the material behavior in the model. A supported beam tested by two-point loads is the loading type that is used to study the bending performance of steel tubes. Ten circular hollow beam specimens were prepared and tested up to and post the failure stage with the following dimensions: thickness (2, 3, and 6 mm), diameter (76.2, 101.6, and 219 mm), and span (1000, 1500, and 2000 mm). A finite element analysis h...
Synthetic Engineering Materials and Nanotechnology covers the latest research and developments of... more Synthetic Engineering Materials and Nanotechnology covers the latest research and developments of synthetic processes, materials, applications and technologies. In addition, innovations in synthetic engineering materials techniques are analyzed. Each chapter addresses key concepts, properties and applications of important categories of synthetic materials, including metals alloys, polymers, composites, rubbers, oils and foams. Advances in nanomaterials produced by synthetic engineering methods are also considered, including ceramic, carbon, metal oxide, composite, and membrane-derived nanomaterials. The primary synthetic engineering materials techniques covered include thermo-mechanical, chemical, physiochemical, electrochemical, bottom-up, hybrid and biological methods. This book is suitable for early career researchers in academia and R&D in areas such as materials science and engineering, mechanical engineering and chemical engineering. Provides the fundamentals on materials produced through synthetic engineering methods, including their properties, experimental and characterization techniques, and applications Reviews the advances of synthetic engineering methods for nanomaterials applications, including electrospinning, atomic layer deposition, ion implantation, bottom-up, hybrid strategies, and more Includes numerous, real-world examples and case studies to apply the fundamental concepts to experiments and real-world applications
Synthetic Engineering Materials and Nanotechnology, 2022
Synthetic Engineering Materials and Nanotechnology, 2022
Synthetic Engineering Materials and Nanotechnology, 2022
Self-standing Substrates, 2019
This book chapter presents the information on conducting polymers and their applications. Conduct... more This book chapter presents the information on conducting polymers and their applications. Conducting polymers are the class of polymeric material which was discovered in 1977, and since then these become the exciting topic of new research. Their preparation methods, advantages, applications have been studied extensively. The excellent properties of conductive polymers have enabled them to be used in and as a sensor, energy storage devices, solar cells, fuel cells, lithium ion batteries, supercapacitors, microwave absorption, electrorheological fluids, light emitting diode and separation membrane. Adsorption is the most commonly used method for water treatment because of its numerous advantages. The results show that the conductive polymers have effective adsorptive properties towards various heavy metal ions and thus can be applied for the remediation of toxic pollutants from wastewater.
<jats:p>The thermo-mechanical history during manufacturing of plastic pipes affects their r... more <jats:p>The thermo-mechanical history during manufacturing of plastic pipes affects their resulting material mechanical behavior. Therefore, it is necessary to demonstrate a study of the mechanical behavior of ring tensile test specimens cut from pipe to obtain proper design data during evaluations of the final product from the polymeric pipe material. Ring hoop tension test (RHTT) is one of the most important methods that can be used to measure transverse tensile properties accurately for pressure pipes. Two types of tensile ring specimens are tested; single ring hoop tensile test specimen with one configuration of Dumb-bell-shaped (DBS) specimen in the transverse direction of the pipe ring specimen and double ring hoop tensile test with two configurations of DBS cut in the collinear direction from the pipe ring specimen. RHTT specimens are cut from the pipe in circumferential (transverse) directions with similar dimensions. The material of the investigated pipe is high-density polyethylene (HDPE), which is commonly used in natural gas piping systems. The pipe has internal rated pressure Pi = 1.6 MPa, standard dimension ratio, SDR = 11 and external diameter, Do = 90±0.5mm. All the dimensions RHTT specimens are taken according to ASTM D 2290-12 and ASTM D 638-10 standards. The ring hoop tensile tests are conducted on specimens cut out from the pipe with thickness 9.5±0.2 mm at different crosshead speeds (VC.H = 10–1000 mm/min), and loading angle, θ equal 0° at ambient environmental temperature, Ta = 20 °C to investigate the mechanical properties of RHTT specimens. The results are compared with those obtained for DBS specimens taken along the axial pipe direction [1]. This shows the effect of DBS specimen orientation (longitudinal and circumferential) on the mechanical properties of HDPE pipe material at different crosshead speeds. The tensile testing fixture is designed specially on specified design criteria in order to test the RHTT specimen in the transverse direction. The main purpose of the design of test fixture is that it prevents the bending effect and stress concentration due to rotation of half disks during the tensile test. In order to avoid this rotation, the half disks are fixed, and their sharp ends are smoothed (rounded). The present experimental work reveals that the crosshead speeds, specimen orientation of DBS and configuration of DBS for RHTT specimens have a significant effect on the resulting mechanical behavior of HDPE pipe material.</jats:p>
Optics & Laser Technology, 2021
Abstract Incoloy alloy 800 is a superalloy particularly suited to aggressive corrosive environmen... more Abstract Incoloy alloy 800 is a superalloy particularly suited to aggressive corrosive environments. Both weld quality and productivity may be enhanced when joining parts by laser beam welding (LBW). The current paper describes joining of Incoloy alloy 800 plates (4 mm thickness) by laser welding (Nd:YAG). The laser scan speed was varied between 0.5 and 2 m/min for a constant power input (laser). The evolution of the microstructure was investigated utilizing both traditional and advanced microscopic techniques. The results indicated an hourglass shaped fusion zone which was slightly larger on the top surface. Elongated columnar but fine equiaxed dendrites were present in the fusion zone. Significant phase transformation occurred because of a higher cooling rate that is typical with laser welding. An uneven and planar distribution of dislocations associated with subgrain boundaries were observed adjacent to Laves phases. The formation of Laves phases at the lowest scanning speeds reduced the mechanical properties. Mechanical testing showed that the joints failed in the weld zone at the lower scanning speeds because of the presence of the Laves phases. Ductile fracture was demonstrated at the higher scanning speeds whereas brittle fracture occurred at the lower scanning speeds.
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Papers by Ibrahim M . Alarifi
structural health monitoring (SHM) of composite aircraft structures. The unabated growth in air traffic has spurred increased demand in the aerospace industry to manufacture reduced-cost aircraft that are efficient to operate, friendly to the environment, and have an adequate level of safety. Due to their easy manufacturing process and high performance, carbon-based piezoresistive sensors, such as carbon nanotubes, graphite, and graphene, have been developed as alternatives to the traditional silicon/metal-based microelectromechanical system (MEMS), with
applications ranging from industrial to medical fields. These sensors can be used in in-situ SHM industries and prosthesis applications because of their small size and high sensitivity to small forces. The detection of flaws and monitoring on a continuous and routine basis is the motive behind SHM devices. Nanomaterials play a remarkable role in the development of nanotechnology. Carbon nanofibers have high strength and stiffness as well as unique thermal and electrical properties. The primary precursor used for the bulk production of carbon nanofibers is polyacrylonitrile (PAN). The most promising technique for the synthesis of carbon nanofibers is electrospinning, with PAN as the main polymer precursor. This dissertation deals with the fabrication of PAN-derived fibers via electrospinning followed by stabilization and carbonization in order to remove all non-carboneous materials and ensure pure carbon fibers as
the resulting material. Prepared nanofiber films were placed on pre-preg composites and cured in a vacuum oven. The basic aim of this study was to fabricate lightweight and cost-effective PAN-derived electrospun fibers for SHM applications of composites and test them for durability under different conditions.