Present study, pays to the different representations of the United States, in specific periods of... more Present study, pays to the different representations of the United States, in specific periods of time, before and after beginning the last round of nuclear talks between Islamic Republic of Iran and 5+1 group, especially America's related texts, in Iranian Persian publications as representatives of the two opposite discourses, from the perspective of the critical discourse analysis approach by using socio-semantic features of Van Leeuwen's Model in 2008. To do so, a selection of discursive texts of the two Iranian Persian publications belonging to two competitor groups: Etemad as the representative of reformists and Keyhan, the fundamentalists' representative, have been analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively. The result indicated although the representation type is highly related to the ideology dominating the minds of the writers of the two political groups reflected in the texts, yet all statistical analysis of the corpus shows that the representations has been changed from a hostile to an amicable style by the initiation of the last round of nuclear talks and it has been perceived that the ideology dominating on the minds of the writers belonging to two competitor political wings, has been reflected in the texts by using discursive socio-semantic features like activation, backgrounding, personalization, personalization, differentiation and in differentiation, etc. This study's finding also states that socio-semantic features are determined by different ideologies, related to power relations and different representations can be explored, described and clarified through the kinds of features applied in the press texts.
An important factor in the recognition of Persian proverbs and realization of their differences w... more An important factor in the recognition of Persian proverbs and realization of their differences with other nations' proverbs is giving a bright and all-embracing definition of Persian proverbs. The existing definitions are not expansive enough. Focusing on the existing definitions, and upon extensive study of the proverbs, the present article attempts to offer a scientific and all-embracing definition referring to the Persian proverbs' every property. In this article, we first deal with lexical meaning and roots of proverbs, then in the idiomatic definition section, analyzing 38 definitions from Arab, Persian and Western scholars and the definitions relying on the existing proverbs, reach the following full-scale definition.
Objective: The goal of the present study is to assess the question of whether linguistic capabili... more Objective: The goal of the present study is to assess the question of whether linguistic capabilities in the mind, are independent and distinguishable from other cognitive capabilities, or are there relationships between linguistic capabilities and non-linguistic cognitive capabilities. Methods: To this end, we measured the relationship between the capability of syntactic comprehension and the capability of processing cognitive sequences in Broca aphasia patients. This was a comparative-descriptive study. Ten Broca aphasia patients were selected via goal-directed approach from public speech-therapy centers in the city of Tehran. Caplan et al.'s test for syntactic comprehension and Lelekov's process of cognitive sequences were administered to the subjects and the results of the two tests were compared. Results: Findings indicated a direct relationship between the comprehension of some syntactic structures and the ability of processing cognitive sequences (r=o.5). The inability of Broca patients to correctly affiliate semantic roles, is related to a more general cognitive disorder due to impairment in neural structures, common between the process of linguistic comprehension and cognitive sequences. Conclusion: contrary to the modularity theory of language, linguistic capabilities of humans could not be limited to an independent faculty in the mind; and it should be accepted that linguistic capabilities and non-linguistic cognitive capabilities interact with each other.
Introduction: the Kantian schema is described as being disembodied and a basis for pure reason, w... more Introduction: the Kantian schema is described as being disembodied and a basis for pure reason, while in the embodied model of mind in Cognitive Science schemas are the results of neural activities in the brain; however, some neurocognitive studies propose a correspondence between some parts of the Kantian model of cognition and some recent neurocognitive findings; e.g. the innateness of neural strata contributing partial perceptions of space is compared to the Kantian a priori space; but how perceptions nested in the neural strata, hence empirical, could be a priori? Method: this treatise tries to elaborate on the notion that the dual character of schema in the Kantian model of cognition, which maintains a relation between the pure reason and experience, could be applicable to the neurocognitive model of cognition and the rational and empirical views on image-schemas. The present paper is developed through an inductive method which is based on the empirical and experimental results reported from authenticated sources. Results: by redescribing the Kantian "a priori intuition" of space and time as "implicit, automatic, and necessary" perceptions of space and time, a correspondence between the Kantian and the neurocognitive models of cognition could be confirmed. Based on the distinction proposed between "schemas" of objects and primitive "image schemas" grounding abstract reason, schemas could correspond to the Kantian "concepts of objects" and image schemas to the Kantian "categories". Conclusion: The present discussion puts the neurocognitive model of "embodied reason" in line with the Kantian "pure reason".
The goal of the present study is to assess the question of whether linguistic capabilities in the... more The goal of the present study is to assess the question of whether linguistic capabilities in the mind, are independent and distinguishable from other cognitive capabilities, or are there relationships between linguistic capabilities and non-linguistic cognitive capabilities. Methods: To this end, we measured the relationship between the capability of syntactic comprehension and the capability of processing cognitive sequences in Broca aphasia patients. This was a comparative-descriptive study. Ten Broca aphasia patients were selected via goal-directed approach from public speech-therapy centers in the city of Tehran. Caplan et al.'s test for syntactic comprehension and Lelekov's process of cognitive sequences were administered to the subjects and the results of the two tests were compared. Results: Findings indicated a direct relationship between the comprehension of some syntactic structures and the ability of processing cognitive sequences (r=o.5). The inability of Broca patients to correctly affiliate semantic roles, is related to a more general cognitive disorder due to impairment in neural structures, common between the process of linguistic comprehension and cognitive sequences. Conclusion: contrary to the modularity theory of language, linguistic capabilities of humans could not be limited to an independent faculty in the mind; and it should be accepted that linguistic capabilities and non-linguistic cognitive capabilities interact with each other.
This investigation was conducted to specify child language learning phonological, morphological, ... more This investigation was conducted to specify child language learning phonological, morphological, and syntactic problems in listening comprehension, speaking, reading and writing skills of Persian at elementary level in bilingual areas of the I.R. Iran, where Turkish and Arabic speaking children are supposed to learn Persian at school. The findings of this study show that these children have more listening comprehension problems in the first two months of the educational year, but the problems decline in the next months. The most frequent morphological problems of Arabic speaking Persian learners are in verbal inflections (mode, tense, number …) and subject-verb agreement. Bilingual learners of Persian in these areas use limited code in speech and their speech contains grammatical nonconformities. They have technical problems in reading and writing as well. The comparative study of Turkish and Arabic with Persian and measuring it against the findings of the survey research in this study show that the differences of these Persian. Vice versa, the phonological, morphological and syntactic commonalities between children's native tongue languages with Persian is a significant hinder causing problems for bilingual learners of and Persian ease up the learning process. Having considered the problems of bilingual Persian learners among the speakers of different languages and dialects spoken in Iran, a consideration regarded for choosing Arabic and Turkish speaking bilingual speakers was the fact that these two languages are not from the same language branch as Persian.
This investigation was conducted to specify child language learning phonological, morphological, ... more This investigation was conducted to specify child language learning phonological, morphological, and syntactic problems in listening comprehension, speaking, reading and writing skills of Persian at elementary level in bilingual areas of the I.R. Iran, where Turkish and Arabic speaking children are supposed to learn Persian at school. The findings of this study show that these children have more listening comprehension
Present study, pays to the different representations of the United States, in specific periods of... more Present study, pays to the different representations of the United States, in specific periods of time, before and after beginning the last round of nuclear talks between Islamic Republic of Iran and 5+1 group, especially America's related texts, in Iranian Persian publications as representatives of the two opposite discourses, from the perspective of the critical discourse analysis approach by using socio-semantic features of Van Leeuwen's Model in 2008. To do so, a selection of discursive texts of the two Iranian Persian publications belonging to two competitor groups: Etemad as the representative of reformists and Keyhan, the fundamentalists' representative, have been analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively. The result indicated although the representation type is highly related to the ideology dominating the minds of the writers of the two political groups reflected in the texts, yet all statistical analysis of the corpus shows that the representations has been changed from a hostile to an amicable style by the initiation of the last round of nuclear talks and it has been perceived that the ideology dominating on the minds of the writers belonging to two competitor political wings, has been reflected in the texts by using discursive socio-semantic features like activation, backgrounding, personalization, personalization, differentiation and in differentiation, etc. This study's finding also states that socio-semantic features are determined by different ideologies, related to power relations and different representations can be explored, described and clarified through the kinds of features applied in the press texts.
An important factor in the recognition of Persian proverbs and realization of their differences w... more An important factor in the recognition of Persian proverbs and realization of their differences with other nations' proverbs is giving a bright and all-embracing definition of Persian proverbs. The existing definitions are not expansive enough. Focusing on the existing definitions, and upon extensive study of the proverbs, the present article attempts to offer a scientific and all-embracing definition referring to the Persian proverbs' every property. In this article, we first deal with lexical meaning and roots of proverbs, then in the idiomatic definition section, analyzing 38 definitions from Arab, Persian and Western scholars and the definitions relying on the existing proverbs, reach the following full-scale definition.
Objective: The goal of the present study is to assess the question of whether linguistic capabili... more Objective: The goal of the present study is to assess the question of whether linguistic capabilities in the mind, are independent and distinguishable from other cognitive capabilities, or are there relationships between linguistic capabilities and non-linguistic cognitive capabilities. Methods: To this end, we measured the relationship between the capability of syntactic comprehension and the capability of processing cognitive sequences in Broca aphasia patients. This was a comparative-descriptive study. Ten Broca aphasia patients were selected via goal-directed approach from public speech-therapy centers in the city of Tehran. Caplan et al.'s test for syntactic comprehension and Lelekov's process of cognitive sequences were administered to the subjects and the results of the two tests were compared. Results: Findings indicated a direct relationship between the comprehension of some syntactic structures and the ability of processing cognitive sequences (r=o.5). The inability of Broca patients to correctly affiliate semantic roles, is related to a more general cognitive disorder due to impairment in neural structures, common between the process of linguistic comprehension and cognitive sequences. Conclusion: contrary to the modularity theory of language, linguistic capabilities of humans could not be limited to an independent faculty in the mind; and it should be accepted that linguistic capabilities and non-linguistic cognitive capabilities interact with each other.
Introduction: the Kantian schema is described as being disembodied and a basis for pure reason, w... more Introduction: the Kantian schema is described as being disembodied and a basis for pure reason, while in the embodied model of mind in Cognitive Science schemas are the results of neural activities in the brain; however, some neurocognitive studies propose a correspondence between some parts of the Kantian model of cognition and some recent neurocognitive findings; e.g. the innateness of neural strata contributing partial perceptions of space is compared to the Kantian a priori space; but how perceptions nested in the neural strata, hence empirical, could be a priori? Method: this treatise tries to elaborate on the notion that the dual character of schema in the Kantian model of cognition, which maintains a relation between the pure reason and experience, could be applicable to the neurocognitive model of cognition and the rational and empirical views on image-schemas. The present paper is developed through an inductive method which is based on the empirical and experimental results reported from authenticated sources. Results: by redescribing the Kantian "a priori intuition" of space and time as "implicit, automatic, and necessary" perceptions of space and time, a correspondence between the Kantian and the neurocognitive models of cognition could be confirmed. Based on the distinction proposed between "schemas" of objects and primitive "image schemas" grounding abstract reason, schemas could correspond to the Kantian "concepts of objects" and image schemas to the Kantian "categories". Conclusion: The present discussion puts the neurocognitive model of "embodied reason" in line with the Kantian "pure reason".
The goal of the present study is to assess the question of whether linguistic capabilities in the... more The goal of the present study is to assess the question of whether linguistic capabilities in the mind, are independent and distinguishable from other cognitive capabilities, or are there relationships between linguistic capabilities and non-linguistic cognitive capabilities. Methods: To this end, we measured the relationship between the capability of syntactic comprehension and the capability of processing cognitive sequences in Broca aphasia patients. This was a comparative-descriptive study. Ten Broca aphasia patients were selected via goal-directed approach from public speech-therapy centers in the city of Tehran. Caplan et al.'s test for syntactic comprehension and Lelekov's process of cognitive sequences were administered to the subjects and the results of the two tests were compared. Results: Findings indicated a direct relationship between the comprehension of some syntactic structures and the ability of processing cognitive sequences (r=o.5). The inability of Broca patients to correctly affiliate semantic roles, is related to a more general cognitive disorder due to impairment in neural structures, common between the process of linguistic comprehension and cognitive sequences. Conclusion: contrary to the modularity theory of language, linguistic capabilities of humans could not be limited to an independent faculty in the mind; and it should be accepted that linguistic capabilities and non-linguistic cognitive capabilities interact with each other.
This investigation was conducted to specify child language learning phonological, morphological, ... more This investigation was conducted to specify child language learning phonological, morphological, and syntactic problems in listening comprehension, speaking, reading and writing skills of Persian at elementary level in bilingual areas of the I.R. Iran, where Turkish and Arabic speaking children are supposed to learn Persian at school. The findings of this study show that these children have more listening comprehension problems in the first two months of the educational year, but the problems decline in the next months. The most frequent morphological problems of Arabic speaking Persian learners are in verbal inflections (mode, tense, number …) and subject-verb agreement. Bilingual learners of Persian in these areas use limited code in speech and their speech contains grammatical nonconformities. They have technical problems in reading and writing as well. The comparative study of Turkish and Arabic with Persian and measuring it against the findings of the survey research in this study show that the differences of these Persian. Vice versa, the phonological, morphological and syntactic commonalities between children's native tongue languages with Persian is a significant hinder causing problems for bilingual learners of and Persian ease up the learning process. Having considered the problems of bilingual Persian learners among the speakers of different languages and dialects spoken in Iran, a consideration regarded for choosing Arabic and Turkish speaking bilingual speakers was the fact that these two languages are not from the same language branch as Persian.
This investigation was conducted to specify child language learning phonological, morphological, ... more This investigation was conducted to specify child language learning phonological, morphological, and syntactic problems in listening comprehension, speaking, reading and writing skills of Persian at elementary level in bilingual areas of the I.R. Iran, where Turkish and Arabic speaking children are supposed to learn Persian at school. The findings of this study show that these children have more listening comprehension
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