Department of Architecture & Planning

The land value of any settlement is a cumulative outcome of the quality of the natural and built environment, which are an amalgamation of many factors. This paper presents the existing state-of-the-art land valuation techniques in urban areas. It discusses the impacts of urban growth parameters, i.e. accessibility, infrastructure, social-economic condition, etc., in detail for sustainable land valuation techniques. The study also developed an Ordinary Least Squares regression equation based on 258 primary sample points from Jaipur, India, to examine the relationship between urban growth parameters and land valuation. This paper is a step toward developing the land valuation models for land value practices.

Urban green spaces (UGSs) are integral structural elements of the city’s existence and are promoted to serve diverse functions such as recreation, ecological services, regulation of ambient air temperature and hydrological regime pollution abatement, social inclusion, enhancing amenity value, etc., in sum, they help minimize the adverse impacts of urbanization on the environment and improve citizens’ habitable experiences. However, due to competing economic interests and demand on land for various purposes such as residential, commercial, industrial and institutional, UGS in cities take a back seat and are seldom given desired attention, and Indian cities are no exception. The challenges faced by UGS are many and include Land availability, quantity, quality, distribution, accessibility, lack of intended purpose and stakeholder participation. Therefore, it is imperative to explore strategies for planning UGS to ensure their adequate provision and maintenance in cities. Unlike Western...

This paper considers the measurement of customer satisfaction and quality in new housing. The research so far has identified the fact that customer satisfaction in terms of new housing is more than just the technical quality of the constituent components of a house. The research has found when asking purchasers for their overall rating of the quality of their new home that certain service related aspects of the developer could skew the overall rating from very satisfied to very unsatisfied. Whilst there may not be a major difference between the ideas of the developers and those of the customers in terms of technical quality in new housing, it would appear that there is an abyss between the two in terms of perceptions of what contributes overall quality. This perception gap seems to be the problem area, and this gap appears to be more to do with perceptions about service issues than technical issues. It appreciates this by discussing a range of external issues that have been used out...

Since the beginning of civilisation, humans have used the land. As the population grew, so did the demand for land, which resulted in using land resources, referred to as "land use." In India, land use planning has become essential as land is scarce. Due to fast urbanisation, competition for multiple land uses exists, and severe shifts in land uses have been recorded, necessitating a thorough land-use planning procedure. Therefore, this paper focuses on land use, land-use history at the national (India) and international levels, and the selection of criteria based on the comments and views given by various authors to examine its effectiveness.The research seeks to determine how and to what extent the land use planning process is effective. The work has been executed by listing the four main criteria and various sub-criteria compiled through literature sources. The expert questionnaire survey was conducted and analysed with the help of AHP by calculating the weights of each criterion by using a pairwise comparison matrix to understand the significance level of each criterion for land use planning. Some solutions and dimensions of the land-use allocation process have also been framed. In broader terms, the paper's findings highlight the past and present systems of the land use planning process, its effectiveness, and unachieved goals and provide us with the set of criteria that can act as the basis for the systematic land use planning process in India.

The expression “quality of life” is elementally ambiguous, as this can be interpreted as both an individual experiencing his or her own life and to their surrounding living condition. Living condition or life satisfaction is the eventual outcome of blend of various parameters of imperative quality of life and possessed built environment related to individual. The reformation of built environment in residing settlements of a city can be possible after the quantification of disparate parameters that exert influence on built environment and its impact on quality of life. So, this paper dispenses with the use of Pareto analysis as quantification tool, to evaluate major parameters, to assess the quality of life of the Indian suburb area, to their physical built environment as it contributes vital role in providing habitable condition.

Planning for land resources is an essential decision-making process as it has multiplier effects on the economy of developing countries. Suitable strategies for planning and development of industrial areas, hold the potential to promote economic and environmental efficiency in India. Manufacturing industries as Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) have a major share of the total count of industries and also contribute approximately a third of country’s GDP. The siting of these enterprises becomes vital as they significantly affect the employment and economic issues and also their concentration impacts the ecology of a specific area. The historians and planners have put their findings on siting the manufacturing sector in the form of locational theories as discussed in this research study with case specific relevance to Jaipur city in Rajasthan. Considering such select locational theories and literature review along with the government policy framework, certain factors are id...

The construction industry needs a systematic, apparent sustainability assessment methodology that provides methodical, unambiguous direction on the way to sustainable development. The current sustainability rating systems' shortcomings include the exclusion of post-occupancy assessments, the absence of life-cycle assessments, and the imposition of certi cation additional costs. Focusing on constructions in India, the goal of the current study is to set benchmarks to investigate the in uence of each criterion on sustainability across the building life cycle phases for qualitative and quantitative assessment, and min-max scores for signi cant sustainability criteria's. Benchmarking standards include the criteria's importance and appraisal to assess the best and worst sustainable performance of high rise group housing projects (proposed and existing) within building life cycle stages. The sustainability criteria's and associated score system are established after an exhaustive assessment of the existing literature review and existing Green Building Rating Systems speci c to high-rise group housing projects. Subsequently, the methodology includes the Life cycle thinking approach for sustainability assessment in group housing projects, and establishing scoring system, ensuring viability for practitioners and non-practitioners. The ndings demonstrate the importance of taking into account existing byelaws, standards, and guidelines and the inclusion of stakeholder participation (users) in sustainability assessment frameworks in India.

Kumbh as a mass intervallic spectacle, invites pilgrims from all across the world to its four cyclic venues-each of the four cities getting a chance to host this purely religious mega event wherein millions of devotees throng the city for a periods extending from 30 to 45 days. The Kumbh varies in magnitude with the host city-in terms of religious significance, the time span of the event, its importance in mythology, the significance of the river, demography of the surrounding region as well as the ease of accessibility to the place. These factors cumulatively result into the eventual footfall that a particular Kumbh witnesses, which further dictates the kind of preparation that needs to be put in place to manage the crowd and the event. The funding of each Kumbh is different with each individual State Government and the Central Governments putting in different amounts for different cities, and so is the expenditure patterns of various Kumbhs. While some cities use the huge cash flow to improve the city as a whole-develop the infrastructures, provide amenities and beautify the city; some focus on the event and its proper and smooth conductance only. 323 The current paper compares and analyses the Mahakumbh at Allahabad with the Kumbh conducted at Nasik. The permanent infrastructural projects proposed, temporary arrangements done for the pilgrims and the expenditure pattern for the different Kumbh Melas shall be analyzed and compared to show that these events are similar and very different at the same time.

Heritage Conservation is essential to spread knowledge about the past, preserve it in the Present and enhance it for the Future. We, being the part of a settlement around any Heritage, share the responsibility to respect what was present and pass it on to future without hampering the dignity of the Heritage. Thus, public awareness especially, local's awareness plays an important role being in the closest vicinity of the Heritage. The success of heritage conservation initiatives depends on the understanding and participation of the local community. The City of Bundi is one of the prominent historical, cultural and heritage cities in India. The city is known as the "City of Stepwells" and has been identified as a heritage city for conservation by the State and Central Governments. Bundi initially had more than hundred Stepwells which are now reduced to just a handful and none of them serve the original purpose of supplying water to the residents. The locals are totally unaware of the gravity of the situation and insensitive to the deterioration of the stepwells. With the haphazard growth of the city around these precious stepwells and constructions over the natural drainage channels, the increasing impermeable surfaces have led to a depleted ground water table. Further, the waste of the city is also dumped into these dried up wells. On the other hand, if the Heritage of any city is conserved, it attracts tourists and adds to the economy of the city. 337 The paper focuses on the issues faced due to lack of awareness among the local residents and the need and ways to generate the same.

Shopping malls form important base for commercial and recreational activities of any city.
The design evolution of shopping malls over last decade, is more to accommodate
behaviour, needs and demands of end-users in terms of their experience. In present
development malls are not mere shopping arcades, but are remodeled as experience
economy, to fit in the aspirations of all the age groups. This enhances the need to
understand the integrity of various spaces in terms of their design and planning. The paper
explores the relation between the open spaces and the built mass of a shopping mall
considering behaviour of the users towards these spaces. The aim of this paper is to develop
a sense of understanding of open spaces with respect to their contribution to the retail
sector and how these spaces enhance the building envelope as well as invites more footfall
ensuring regular revenue generation. Thorough literature review consisting of Indian and
foreign case studies is done for the better understanding of interdependence of open and
built mass. The findings of the paper deals with the design of an open space which is
functional, adaptable and contributes to both aesthetics & operational aspects of malls.
Key Words: Shopping mall, open spaces, consumer experience, economy, and commercial
activities.

Introduction of various schemes and programmes, over past two decades highlights the thrust of government for provision of affordable housing in India. These schemes were introduced to cater the housing demand and improve basic services, provide tenure security, upgrade existing infrastructure, and create new housing units with a vision of creating a 'Slum Free India'. It was initiated by introducing the Indra Awas Yojana in 1990 which was applicable to rural India, later by introduction of Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM) in the year 2005, the focus shifted to urban areas. JNNURM was carried out under two sub-heads Basic Service to Urban Poor (BSUP) and Integrated Housing and Slum Development Programme (IHSDP) for provision of 1.5 million houses for urban poor in 63 selected cities during 2005-2012. Lucknow city, selected as one of the mission cities was benefitted under the programme through the execution of 7 projects in 23 different areas, providing 5570 housing units along with basic services. The projects include three types of development-in-situ, relocation, and in-situ redevelopment. The paper investigates the status of physical infrastructure-water supply, sanitation, solid waste management and electricity along with the satisfaction level of beneficiaries in relocation projects. The study is carried out using an observation tool and structured interview questionnaire with beneficiaries. The findings of the paper highlight the issues related to maintenance and operation of these services and focuses on need for inclusive development in these projects.

1. ABSTRACT India is a fast developing country with many of its metropolitan cities growing at a higher pace in terms of their population. During last two decades; migration from villages and small towns to urban areas has increased tremendously in India. This had lead to the degradation of urban environment by growth of slums especially in the metropolitan cities. The growing demand for housing and relatively high property rate has resulted worse condition for the poor people in terms of having a proper shelter. Unaffordability has compelled them to live in unauthorized, congested and unhygienic conditions called Slums. At present in India, most of the major cities are facing the problem of Slums which has become major concern for the government. Today urban areas face major challenge in terms of providing basic infrastructure, health and safety for the people living in Slums. The gap in Demand and Supply of low cost housing in increasing day by day, which is one of the major crisi...

Introduction of various schemes and programmes, over past two decades highlights the thrust of government for provision of affordable housing in India. These schemes were introduced to cater the housing demand and improve basic services, provide tenure security, upgrade existing infrastructure, and create new housing units with a vision of creating a ‘Slum Free India’. It was initiated by introducing the Indra Awas Yojana in 1990 which was applicable to rural India, later by introduction of Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM) in the year 2005, the focus shifted to urban areas. JNNURM was carried out under two sub-heads Basic Service to Urban Poor (BSUP) and Integrated Housing and Slum Development Programme (IHSDP) for provision of 1.5 million houses for urban poor in 63 selected cities during 2005-2012. Lucknow city, selected as one of the mission cities was benefitted under the programme through the execution of 7 projects in 23 different areas, providing 5570 ...