Books by Ovidiu Țentea
different areas may be distinguished socioeconomically: the Danubian area, strongly militarized, ... more different areas may be distinguished socioeconomically: the Danubian area, strongly militarized, an area where many of the veteran settlements have developed (firstly, colonia Ratiaria, but also the municipia from Viminacium and Singidunum, in the nearby of the two legionary fortresses of the province), and the southern area of the province, Dardania, rather agricultural, where a significant number of imperial domains are recorded, the mines that belonged to the imperial treasury, but also the first colonia civium Romanorum, at Scupi. Oher important mining exploitations were identified on the Pek and Timok river valleys, in the eastern part of the province 37. The Roman province of Moesia Superior was Domitian's creation 38. In the winter of AD 84/85 or the first half of AD 85, the Dacians living north of the Danube sacked the province Moesia. Unfortunately, we cannot reconstruct the entire context and the reasons why this invasion took place. According to Jordanes, it was Domitian's so called avaritia 39 , however, this is a likely reason recorded only by historical tradition. The true causes are still to be sought for. Literary sources report that the invasion was so violent 40 that even the governor of Moesia, C. Oppius Sabinus, lost his life during the fights 41. Upon the news of the serious threat by the Lower Danube border, Domitian left Rome together with his praefectus praetorio, Cornelius Fuscus, and arrived, probably in the summer of 85, to the Moesian frontier. One of his first measures was to split up the province in two parts, Moesia Superior and inferior, divided by the Ciabrus flumen (today the Cibrica River). It is also possible that Domitian may have wished to have five legions on the Moesian border 42 , but the history of the legions dispatched for the conflict is still hazy 43. At the same time, the circumstances in which the V Alaudae legion disappeared remain still unclear: a unit almost entirely unattested before on the Danubian border with a history unknown after AD 70/71 44. When the war broke on the Danube, it seems that only three legions were stationed in Moesia: VII Claudia (Viminacium or Ratiaria?), V Macedonica (Oescus) and I Italica (Novae). One can clearly see that the future area of Moesia Superior was defended by only one legion, while future Moesia Inferior by two legions. This was the reason why after the Dacian attack, IIII Flavia Felix was sent from Dalmatia to the Danube. Unfortunately, the place where it was stationed is unknown, Aurelius, vide infra. Still, Mirković 2007, 7, believes it is yet uncertain whether the mining district had indeed belonged to Moesia Superior, at least in the 2 nd century, when it might have belonged to both Pannonia inferior as well as to Dalmatia, with the doubts expressed by Mócsy 1970, 13-14 in mind though.
Editura Muzeului Literaturii Române, București, 2013
Models of the Roman Civilisation in the Danubian provinces. Between local identities and universa... more Models of the Roman Civilisation in the Danubian provinces. Between local identities and universal values. Scientific report
Edited books by Ovidiu Țentea
Limesul dunărean din România (Ioan C. Opriș, Florian Matei-Popescu, Ovidiu Țentea)
https://lime... more Limesul dunărean din România (Ioan C. Opriș, Florian Matei-Popescu, Ovidiu Țentea)
https://limesuldunareandinromania.mnir.ro/
Acest album reunește texte originale și informații deja cunoscute, iarăși actualizări acolo unde acestea au fost disponibile, toate cu referire la fortificațiile și așezările romane descoperite și cercetate pe malurile de nord și de sud ale Dunării, aflflate pe teritoriul României.
Volumul include și dezvoltă eforturile de documentare ale regretaților Nicolae Gudea și Mihail Zahariade, între care pot fi amintite: M. Zahariade, N. Gudea, The fortifications of Lower Moesia (AD 86-275). Pontic Provinces of the Later Roman Empire I, Amsterdam, Adolf M. Hakkert Publisher, 1997; N. Gudea, Der untermoesische Donaulimes und die Verteidigung der moesischen Nord – und Westküste des Schwarzen Meeres: Limes et litus Moesiae Inferioris (86-275 n.Chr.). Jahrbuch des Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseums Mainz 52, 2005, p. 319-566; N. Gudea, M., Zahariade, Dacia Ripensis. Festungen an der Nordgrenze der Provinz und ihre Truppen, Amsterdam, Adolf M. Hakkert, 2016. O contribuție sistematică urmărind aceeași tematică a fost ulterior și articolul semnat de O. Țentea, I.C. Opriș, F. Matei-Popescu, A. Rațiu, C. Băjenaru, V. Călina, Frontiera romană din Dobrogea. O trecere în revistă și o actualizare, Cercetări Arheologice 26, 2019, p. 9-82.
Pregătirea documentației pentru cetățile romane de pe frontiera Dunării în vederea înscrierii lor în Lista Patrimoniului Mondial, împreună cu Bulgaria, Serbia și Croația (”Frontiers of the Roman Empire – Danube Limes Eastern Section, FRE – DLES”), proiect aflflat în plină desfășurare, este o ocazie excelentă nu doar pentru actualizarea prin publicare a datelor disponibile astăzi, sprijinite de fotografia aeriană, tehnologia LiDAR, prospecțiuni magnetometrice sau batimetrii în albia Dunării etc. Cel puțin în egală măsură este și oportunitatea de adresare directă către comunitățile locale, diseminând obiectivele și acțiunile Programului Național Limes al Ministerului Culturii, informațiile valoroase, relevante, tocmai pentru că deținătorii reali ai patrimoniului arheologic pe care îl promovăm sunt aceste comunități locale. Respectul, protejarea și cultivarea legăturii cu propria istorie și propriul patrimoniu arheologic, de cele mai multe ori excepțional și întrunind cu prisosință criteriile înscrierii în World Heritage List, reprezintă condiția și totodată garanția pentru reușita acestui proiect sub egida UNESCO, iar nu în ultimul rând pentru transmiterea nealterată a monumentelor către generațiile viitoare.
Pentru informațiile științifice oferite spre definitivarea documentației le mulțumim colegilor de la Muzeul de Istorie Națională și Arheologie Constanța (dr. Constantin Băjenaru, dr. Gabriel Talmațchi și dr. Dan Vasilescu) și de la Institutul de Cercetări Eco-Muzeale „Gavrilă Simion” din Tulcea (dr. Dorel Paraschiv, dr. Marian Mocanu). Ambele instituții sunt direct implicate în derularea Programului Național Limes. Adresăm mulțumiri pentru sprijinul bibliografic dr. Mihaela Iacob (Ministerul Culturii, București) și dr. Alexander Rubel (Institutul de Arheologie al Academiei Române, Iași).
Mulțumiri aducem doamnelor Iuliana Barnea și Raluca Dobrogeanu pentru realizarea hărților și a unor desene incluse în acest volum, lui Vlad Călina (Programul Național Limes) pentru procesarea imaginilor de înaltă rezoluție și a fișierelor de tip Digital Terrain Model (DTM files), iar lui Dan Costea pentru colectarea datelor din dronă.
Editorii își exprimă gratitudinea pentru sprijinul acordat de Biblioteca Academiei Române – Secția de Manuscrise și Carte Rară în ilustrarea corespunzătoare a acestui proiect editorial, din Fondul Pamfil Polonic.
https://www.harrassowitz-verlag.de/title_7515.ahtml
This book is dedicated to Professor Ioan P... more https://www.harrassowitz-verlag.de/title_7515.ahtml
This book is dedicated to Professor Ioan Piso, one of the greatest epigraphists and historians of antiquity, on the occasion of his 80th birthday. Professor Piso has been active for almost 60 years, publishing major inscriptional corpora from Roman Dacia as well as important studies on the elite, society, culture, economy and religion of Dacia and the Imperium Romanum. He gained international recognition not only through publications, but also through his participation in international conferences and projects, as well as through prestigious fellowships. He directed the scientific activities of many young scholars who later received international recognition. Professor Piso was actively involved in the civic life and was one of most important fighters for the preservation of cultural heritage in Romania. His moral principles, diligence and human qualities were unanimously appreciated.
The volume comprises almost 40 studies written by scholars from Germany, France, Austria, Switzerland, Italy, Spain, Hungary, Israel, Poland, Bulgaria and Romania. The main topics are epigraphy, archaeology, historiography, taking into account new epigraphic and historical documents as well as recent archaeological data. The book includes historiographic debates and new restitutions of medieval and modern documents on antiquity. In other articles, the authors provide new interpretations and original points of view on already known documents.
Frontierele Imperiului Roman. Între Dacia și Moesia Inferior. castrele romane din Muntenia în tim... more Frontierele Imperiului Roman. Între Dacia și Moesia Inferior. castrele romane din Muntenia în timpul lui Traian
The Baths on the Frontiers of Roman Dacia / Băile de pe frontierele Daciei romane, 2017
This paper is a synthesis of the most relevant data regarding the archaeological research of smal... more This paper is a synthesis of the most relevant data regarding the archaeological research of small Roman bathhouses (balnea) situated along the military frontiers of the Roman province of Dacia. Although, the emphasis was put on the bathhouses that functioned next to the auxiliary forts, for a better understanding of the construction and operation of these buildings, we also have found it useful to present an introduction into the subject of Roman baths discovered in other parts of the Dacian province.
Near and Beyond the Roman Frontier. Proceedings of the Colloquium held in Târgovişte, 16-17 October 2008, 2009
full version
Sarmizegetusa. Începuturile Daciei romane / Sarmizegetusa. The beginning of Roman Dacia , 2017
Design & layout: Andrei Cîmpeanu -arhitect / architect Amenajare spațiu expozițional / The Set-up... more Design & layout: Andrei Cîmpeanu -arhitect / architect Amenajare spațiu expozițional / The Set-up of the exhibition: Ovidiu Țentea -cercetător științific / scientific researcher Alexandru Rațiu -muzeograf / curator Mihai Duca -asistent cercetare / research assistant Ioana Manea -asistent cercetare / research assistant Au mai contribuit la realizarea expoziției / Other support staff involved in the organization of the exhibition: Raluca Sidon, Corina Borș, Radu Bălănescu, Gabriela Dragomir (conservation / restoration), Mariana Ghinea (achiziții publice / public acquisitions), Rodica Mihai (achiziții publice / public acquisitions), Roxana Stăncescu (MCDR), Cristina Moisescu (contabilitate / accounting), Ionel Ene -tâmplar / carpenter, Ioan Banu -lăcătuș / locksmith
Papers by Ovidiu Țentea
Journal of Ancient History and Archaeology, 2024
Information about temporary camps was, until recently, quite lacking, both for the territory of t... more Information about temporary camps was, until recently, quite lacking, both for the territory of the province of Dacia, as well as for Muntenia and Dobrudja. Temporary Roman fortifications are a topical subject because the discoveries have multiplied significantly in recent years. This study represents a first synthesis through which we proposed the systematisation of information and an initial sorting based on geographical distribution and dimensions. Thus, we intend to update and uniform the published information so that it can be accessible to researchers interested in this topic.
Palmyrene diasporas. Diasporas from Rome to Mesopotamia and Beyond. Oriens et Occidens 45. M. Sommer, S. Magnani, A. Castiello (eds.)., 2025
Le présent article a été écrit avec une vive sympathie pour un groupe ethnique qui a marqué l’his... more Le présent article a été écrit avec une vive sympathie pour un groupe ethnique qui a marqué l’histoire. Il s’agit de notre part d’un premier essai sur les Palmyréniens en Dacie, qui sera suivi d’un livre contenant non seulement leur histoire dans cette province, mais aussi un catalogue complet des inscriptions qui les concernent, tout comme les données archéologiques
La prétention de contribuer à l’histoire de Palmyre depuis la Dacie pourrait paraître
présomptueuse. Pourtant, le fait que les communautés palmyréniennes aient, comme
nulles autres, parsemé leur tracé au travers de l’empire de leur onomastique, de leurs dieux, de leurs habitudes et même de leur langue, offre même dans une province périphérique des éléments importants pour l’ensemble de la civilisation palmyrénienne. Loin de res-
sentir le besoin de se cacher, les Palmyréniens affichaient leur origine tout en étant prêts à partager l’idéal politique de l’Empire romain et ils le feraient jusqu’au point de se l’assumer à leur seul profit. N’oublions pas, d’ailleurs, que la vision d’un règne sur les quatre coins du monde est née en Orient, qu’elle fut assumée par Alexandre le Grand et, enfin, adoptée par Rome à la suite de la conquête des royaumes hellénistiques. Le dernier essor de Palmyre fut aussi fulminant que dramatique: une émouvante page d’histoire!
Cercetări Arheologice, 2024
A temporary camp has been reported in the Parâng Mountains. It is located in Gorj County, UAT Nov... more A temporary camp has been reported in the Parâng Mountains. It is located in Gorj County, UAT Novaci. Its dimensions are similar to other temporary camps found in the alpine areas, i.e. 5 ha. Two gates with tituli have been identified. Its location brings back into question a new route that the Romans used to attack the Dacian capital.
D. Aparaschivei, J. Bilavschi, L. Pîrnău (eds.) Varia Archaeologica IV. Provocări, căutări și certitudini în cercetarea arheologică românească actuală, Lucrările celei de-a XIII-a Conferințe Naționale a Institutului de Arheologie din Iași / Academia Română-Filiala Iași, 18-21 octombrie 2023, 2024
Within the developmental framework of the railway infrastructure from Caransebeș to Arad, particu... more Within the developmental framework of the railway infrastructure from Caransebeș to Arad, particularly focusing on the segment from Timișoara-East to Ronaț-Triaj, this inquiry centered on an intrusive archaeological examination in the Timișoara region in 2023. The primary aim was to uncover, evaluate, and locate areas of archaeological significance to enhance the historical understanding of the region before further infrastructural developments. This multidisciplinary endeavor incorporated various methodologies, including initial on-site surveys, aerial photography, photogrammetry, LiDAR scanning, and archaeological digs. The project meticulously processed the material culture uncovered to ensure a comprehensive analysis. By employing these advanced techniques, the investigation’s main goal is to offer a detailed historical context, contributing with valuable insights into the region’s past. The findings from these efforts were crucial in identifying before researching archaeological sites, ensuring that the rich history of the area was acknowledged and protected during the railway expansion. This approach highlights the importance of integrating archaeological assessments in modern infrastructure projects.
The Danubian Region and the Balkans during the Roman Empire in Military Inscriptions, 2024
L’identification de Bacchus / Dionysos / Liber Pater avec Malakbêl était dûe à l’attribut de celu... more L’identification de Bacchus / Dionysos / Liber Pater avec Malakbêl était dûe à l’attribut de celui-ci de dieu de la végétation, mais elle n’est soutenue par aucun élément matériel.
D’autre part, on a remarqué que Dionysos est présent dans le grand temple de Bêl de
Palmyre, d’où Malakbêl manque, que sur des tessères émises par des prêtres de Bêl on a
la représentation de Dionysos, qu’à Tibiscum le temple de Liber Pater a été construit par
la vexillatio Palmyrenorum et qu’à Porolissum on a une continuité de culte entre Liber Pater et Bêl. On ne risque donc trop si l’on suppose aussi bien une interpretatio Romana qu’une interpretatio Palmyrena pour Liber Pater et Bêl, en reprenant ainsi une idée du grand savant qui fut Constantin Daicoviciu. Il est permis de se demander pourquoi le sanctuaire n’a pas été dédié dès le début à Bêl. Tout simplement parce qu’avant les Sévères, il n’aurait pas pu obtenir le statut de templum, donc d’un espace orienté et inauguré.
Heritage, 2024
A group of wall painting fragments discovered at Ulpia Traiana Sarmizegetusa, an important Roman ... more A group of wall painting fragments discovered at Ulpia Traiana Sarmizegetusa, an important Roman archeological site located in the former Roman province of Dacia (Romania), have been investigated with the aim of defining the material composition of their pictorial layers and exploring the pictorial technology used. In order to preserve the integrity of the murals and minimize sampling, an array of non- and micro-invasive techniques has been employed, including X-ray fluorescence, laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and hyperspectral imaging. In accordance with previous studies, the identified color palette was mainly based on iron-rich earth pigments (red and yellow ochres, green earth) and carbon-based blacks (soot/charcoal, bone black). Egyptian blue, lazurite, some lead-based pigments, and potentially indigo were also identified (in complex mixtures) on the uppermost paint layers, typically applied a secco over the a fresco background. The presence of expensive pigments and the existence of a red preparatory drawing, documented for the first time in the region, indicate that the original wall paintings had elaborate schemes and, secondly, reflect the patron’s wealth and social status. Hyperspectral imaging was able to retrieve some faded paint layers in certain cases, helping to recover lost decorative details, an indicator of a more complex polychromy compared to what we see today. The obtained results add important contributions to the limited corpus of data regarding the technical know-how of decorative polychrome painting on plaster found in Roman archeological sites in Romania.
Studia epigraphica et historica in honorem Ioannis Pisonis, eds. L. Bârliba, E. Varga, R. Ardevan, F. Matei-Popescu, O. Țentea, Harrassowitz Verlag, Wiesbaden, 2024
The discovery of an offering in Sarmizegetusa’s Eastern necropolis from 2018 has given us the cha... more The discovery of an offering in Sarmizegetusa’s Eastern necropolis from 2018 has given us the chance to revisit the conversation about the importance of placing oblations at Sarmizegetusa. Surprisingly, the offering that has been found nearby a funerary enclosure is almost identical to one discovered in 1932 in a completely different context, close to Trajan’s Forum. Our presentation will focus on a comparative analysis of these two findings. Additionally, we will explore two other similar discoveries from Sarmizegetusa to provide contextual analysis.
Journal of Ancient History and Archaeology, 2024
This study introduces a new aspect in the discussions regarding military campaigns conducted over... more This study introduces a new aspect in the discussions regarding military campaigns conducted over time in the western region of the Transylvania’s Iron Gates. It pertains to a possible fortification discovered near Marga, Caraș-Severin County, South of the Bistra River, situated approximately 260 meters south-southwest of the DN68 and DJ684A intersection. The identification was made through LiDAR scans, and it presents similarities to other legionary camps in the surrounding area. Its dimensions are typical for a legionary camp; about 23.8 hectares. The structure and typological analogies place this fortification among the legionary marching camps. Could this site at Marga be the last camp to the West of the Iron Gates of Transylvania – Tapae corridor?
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Books by Ovidiu Țentea
Edited books by Ovidiu Țentea
https://limesuldunareandinromania.mnir.ro/
Acest album reunește texte originale și informații deja cunoscute, iarăși actualizări acolo unde acestea au fost disponibile, toate cu referire la fortificațiile și așezările romane descoperite și cercetate pe malurile de nord și de sud ale Dunării, aflflate pe teritoriul României.
Volumul include și dezvoltă eforturile de documentare ale regretaților Nicolae Gudea și Mihail Zahariade, între care pot fi amintite: M. Zahariade, N. Gudea, The fortifications of Lower Moesia (AD 86-275). Pontic Provinces of the Later Roman Empire I, Amsterdam, Adolf M. Hakkert Publisher, 1997; N. Gudea, Der untermoesische Donaulimes und die Verteidigung der moesischen Nord – und Westküste des Schwarzen Meeres: Limes et litus Moesiae Inferioris (86-275 n.Chr.). Jahrbuch des Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseums Mainz 52, 2005, p. 319-566; N. Gudea, M., Zahariade, Dacia Ripensis. Festungen an der Nordgrenze der Provinz und ihre Truppen, Amsterdam, Adolf M. Hakkert, 2016. O contribuție sistematică urmărind aceeași tematică a fost ulterior și articolul semnat de O. Țentea, I.C. Opriș, F. Matei-Popescu, A. Rațiu, C. Băjenaru, V. Călina, Frontiera romană din Dobrogea. O trecere în revistă și o actualizare, Cercetări Arheologice 26, 2019, p. 9-82.
Pregătirea documentației pentru cetățile romane de pe frontiera Dunării în vederea înscrierii lor în Lista Patrimoniului Mondial, împreună cu Bulgaria, Serbia și Croația (”Frontiers of the Roman Empire – Danube Limes Eastern Section, FRE – DLES”), proiect aflflat în plină desfășurare, este o ocazie excelentă nu doar pentru actualizarea prin publicare a datelor disponibile astăzi, sprijinite de fotografia aeriană, tehnologia LiDAR, prospecțiuni magnetometrice sau batimetrii în albia Dunării etc. Cel puțin în egală măsură este și oportunitatea de adresare directă către comunitățile locale, diseminând obiectivele și acțiunile Programului Național Limes al Ministerului Culturii, informațiile valoroase, relevante, tocmai pentru că deținătorii reali ai patrimoniului arheologic pe care îl promovăm sunt aceste comunități locale. Respectul, protejarea și cultivarea legăturii cu propria istorie și propriul patrimoniu arheologic, de cele mai multe ori excepțional și întrunind cu prisosință criteriile înscrierii în World Heritage List, reprezintă condiția și totodată garanția pentru reușita acestui proiect sub egida UNESCO, iar nu în ultimul rând pentru transmiterea nealterată a monumentelor către generațiile viitoare.
Pentru informațiile științifice oferite spre definitivarea documentației le mulțumim colegilor de la Muzeul de Istorie Națională și Arheologie Constanța (dr. Constantin Băjenaru, dr. Gabriel Talmațchi și dr. Dan Vasilescu) și de la Institutul de Cercetări Eco-Muzeale „Gavrilă Simion” din Tulcea (dr. Dorel Paraschiv, dr. Marian Mocanu). Ambele instituții sunt direct implicate în derularea Programului Național Limes. Adresăm mulțumiri pentru sprijinul bibliografic dr. Mihaela Iacob (Ministerul Culturii, București) și dr. Alexander Rubel (Institutul de Arheologie al Academiei Române, Iași).
Mulțumiri aducem doamnelor Iuliana Barnea și Raluca Dobrogeanu pentru realizarea hărților și a unor desene incluse în acest volum, lui Vlad Călina (Programul Național Limes) pentru procesarea imaginilor de înaltă rezoluție și a fișierelor de tip Digital Terrain Model (DTM files), iar lui Dan Costea pentru colectarea datelor din dronă.
Editorii își exprimă gratitudinea pentru sprijinul acordat de Biblioteca Academiei Române – Secția de Manuscrise și Carte Rară în ilustrarea corespunzătoare a acestui proiect editorial, din Fondul Pamfil Polonic.
This book is dedicated to Professor Ioan Piso, one of the greatest epigraphists and historians of antiquity, on the occasion of his 80th birthday. Professor Piso has been active for almost 60 years, publishing major inscriptional corpora from Roman Dacia as well as important studies on the elite, society, culture, economy and religion of Dacia and the Imperium Romanum. He gained international recognition not only through publications, but also through his participation in international conferences and projects, as well as through prestigious fellowships. He directed the scientific activities of many young scholars who later received international recognition. Professor Piso was actively involved in the civic life and was one of most important fighters for the preservation of cultural heritage in Romania. His moral principles, diligence and human qualities were unanimously appreciated.
The volume comprises almost 40 studies written by scholars from Germany, France, Austria, Switzerland, Italy, Spain, Hungary, Israel, Poland, Bulgaria and Romania. The main topics are epigraphy, archaeology, historiography, taking into account new epigraphic and historical documents as well as recent archaeological data. The book includes historiographic debates and new restitutions of medieval and modern documents on antiquity. In other articles, the authors provide new interpretations and original points of view on already known documents.
Papers by Ovidiu Țentea
La prétention de contribuer à l’histoire de Palmyre depuis la Dacie pourrait paraître
présomptueuse. Pourtant, le fait que les communautés palmyréniennes aient, comme
nulles autres, parsemé leur tracé au travers de l’empire de leur onomastique, de leurs dieux, de leurs habitudes et même de leur langue, offre même dans une province périphérique des éléments importants pour l’ensemble de la civilisation palmyrénienne. Loin de res-
sentir le besoin de se cacher, les Palmyréniens affichaient leur origine tout en étant prêts à partager l’idéal politique de l’Empire romain et ils le feraient jusqu’au point de se l’assumer à leur seul profit. N’oublions pas, d’ailleurs, que la vision d’un règne sur les quatre coins du monde est née en Orient, qu’elle fut assumée par Alexandre le Grand et, enfin, adoptée par Rome à la suite de la conquête des royaumes hellénistiques. Le dernier essor de Palmyre fut aussi fulminant que dramatique: une émouvante page d’histoire!
D’autre part, on a remarqué que Dionysos est présent dans le grand temple de Bêl de
Palmyre, d’où Malakbêl manque, que sur des tessères émises par des prêtres de Bêl on a
la représentation de Dionysos, qu’à Tibiscum le temple de Liber Pater a été construit par
la vexillatio Palmyrenorum et qu’à Porolissum on a une continuité de culte entre Liber Pater et Bêl. On ne risque donc trop si l’on suppose aussi bien une interpretatio Romana qu’une interpretatio Palmyrena pour Liber Pater et Bêl, en reprenant ainsi une idée du grand savant qui fut Constantin Daicoviciu. Il est permis de se demander pourquoi le sanctuaire n’a pas été dédié dès le début à Bêl. Tout simplement parce qu’avant les Sévères, il n’aurait pas pu obtenir le statut de templum, donc d’un espace orienté et inauguré.
https://limesuldunareandinromania.mnir.ro/
Acest album reunește texte originale și informații deja cunoscute, iarăși actualizări acolo unde acestea au fost disponibile, toate cu referire la fortificațiile și așezările romane descoperite și cercetate pe malurile de nord și de sud ale Dunării, aflflate pe teritoriul României.
Volumul include și dezvoltă eforturile de documentare ale regretaților Nicolae Gudea și Mihail Zahariade, între care pot fi amintite: M. Zahariade, N. Gudea, The fortifications of Lower Moesia (AD 86-275). Pontic Provinces of the Later Roman Empire I, Amsterdam, Adolf M. Hakkert Publisher, 1997; N. Gudea, Der untermoesische Donaulimes und die Verteidigung der moesischen Nord – und Westküste des Schwarzen Meeres: Limes et litus Moesiae Inferioris (86-275 n.Chr.). Jahrbuch des Römisch-Germanischen Zentralmuseums Mainz 52, 2005, p. 319-566; N. Gudea, M., Zahariade, Dacia Ripensis. Festungen an der Nordgrenze der Provinz und ihre Truppen, Amsterdam, Adolf M. Hakkert, 2016. O contribuție sistematică urmărind aceeași tematică a fost ulterior și articolul semnat de O. Țentea, I.C. Opriș, F. Matei-Popescu, A. Rațiu, C. Băjenaru, V. Călina, Frontiera romană din Dobrogea. O trecere în revistă și o actualizare, Cercetări Arheologice 26, 2019, p. 9-82.
Pregătirea documentației pentru cetățile romane de pe frontiera Dunării în vederea înscrierii lor în Lista Patrimoniului Mondial, împreună cu Bulgaria, Serbia și Croația (”Frontiers of the Roman Empire – Danube Limes Eastern Section, FRE – DLES”), proiect aflflat în plină desfășurare, este o ocazie excelentă nu doar pentru actualizarea prin publicare a datelor disponibile astăzi, sprijinite de fotografia aeriană, tehnologia LiDAR, prospecțiuni magnetometrice sau batimetrii în albia Dunării etc. Cel puțin în egală măsură este și oportunitatea de adresare directă către comunitățile locale, diseminând obiectivele și acțiunile Programului Național Limes al Ministerului Culturii, informațiile valoroase, relevante, tocmai pentru că deținătorii reali ai patrimoniului arheologic pe care îl promovăm sunt aceste comunități locale. Respectul, protejarea și cultivarea legăturii cu propria istorie și propriul patrimoniu arheologic, de cele mai multe ori excepțional și întrunind cu prisosință criteriile înscrierii în World Heritage List, reprezintă condiția și totodată garanția pentru reușita acestui proiect sub egida UNESCO, iar nu în ultimul rând pentru transmiterea nealterată a monumentelor către generațiile viitoare.
Pentru informațiile științifice oferite spre definitivarea documentației le mulțumim colegilor de la Muzeul de Istorie Națională și Arheologie Constanța (dr. Constantin Băjenaru, dr. Gabriel Talmațchi și dr. Dan Vasilescu) și de la Institutul de Cercetări Eco-Muzeale „Gavrilă Simion” din Tulcea (dr. Dorel Paraschiv, dr. Marian Mocanu). Ambele instituții sunt direct implicate în derularea Programului Național Limes. Adresăm mulțumiri pentru sprijinul bibliografic dr. Mihaela Iacob (Ministerul Culturii, București) și dr. Alexander Rubel (Institutul de Arheologie al Academiei Române, Iași).
Mulțumiri aducem doamnelor Iuliana Barnea și Raluca Dobrogeanu pentru realizarea hărților și a unor desene incluse în acest volum, lui Vlad Călina (Programul Național Limes) pentru procesarea imaginilor de înaltă rezoluție și a fișierelor de tip Digital Terrain Model (DTM files), iar lui Dan Costea pentru colectarea datelor din dronă.
Editorii își exprimă gratitudinea pentru sprijinul acordat de Biblioteca Academiei Române – Secția de Manuscrise și Carte Rară în ilustrarea corespunzătoare a acestui proiect editorial, din Fondul Pamfil Polonic.
This book is dedicated to Professor Ioan Piso, one of the greatest epigraphists and historians of antiquity, on the occasion of his 80th birthday. Professor Piso has been active for almost 60 years, publishing major inscriptional corpora from Roman Dacia as well as important studies on the elite, society, culture, economy and religion of Dacia and the Imperium Romanum. He gained international recognition not only through publications, but also through his participation in international conferences and projects, as well as through prestigious fellowships. He directed the scientific activities of many young scholars who later received international recognition. Professor Piso was actively involved in the civic life and was one of most important fighters for the preservation of cultural heritage in Romania. His moral principles, diligence and human qualities were unanimously appreciated.
The volume comprises almost 40 studies written by scholars from Germany, France, Austria, Switzerland, Italy, Spain, Hungary, Israel, Poland, Bulgaria and Romania. The main topics are epigraphy, archaeology, historiography, taking into account new epigraphic and historical documents as well as recent archaeological data. The book includes historiographic debates and new restitutions of medieval and modern documents on antiquity. In other articles, the authors provide new interpretations and original points of view on already known documents.
La prétention de contribuer à l’histoire de Palmyre depuis la Dacie pourrait paraître
présomptueuse. Pourtant, le fait que les communautés palmyréniennes aient, comme
nulles autres, parsemé leur tracé au travers de l’empire de leur onomastique, de leurs dieux, de leurs habitudes et même de leur langue, offre même dans une province périphérique des éléments importants pour l’ensemble de la civilisation palmyrénienne. Loin de res-
sentir le besoin de se cacher, les Palmyréniens affichaient leur origine tout en étant prêts à partager l’idéal politique de l’Empire romain et ils le feraient jusqu’au point de se l’assumer à leur seul profit. N’oublions pas, d’ailleurs, que la vision d’un règne sur les quatre coins du monde est née en Orient, qu’elle fut assumée par Alexandre le Grand et, enfin, adoptée par Rome à la suite de la conquête des royaumes hellénistiques. Le dernier essor de Palmyre fut aussi fulminant que dramatique: une émouvante page d’histoire!
D’autre part, on a remarqué que Dionysos est présent dans le grand temple de Bêl de
Palmyre, d’où Malakbêl manque, que sur des tessères émises par des prêtres de Bêl on a
la représentation de Dionysos, qu’à Tibiscum le temple de Liber Pater a été construit par
la vexillatio Palmyrenorum et qu’à Porolissum on a une continuité de culte entre Liber Pater et Bêl. On ne risque donc trop si l’on suppose aussi bien une interpretatio Romana qu’une interpretatio Palmyrena pour Liber Pater et Bêl, en reprenant ainsi une idée du grand savant qui fut Constantin Daicoviciu. Il est permis de se demander pourquoi le sanctuaire n’a pas été dédié dès le début à Bêl. Tout simplement parce qu’avant les Sévères, il n’aurait pas pu obtenir le statut de templum, donc d’un espace orienté et inauguré.
au service des Romains et aux raisons de leur transfert en Dacie et en Numidie. Quant à leur transformation en numeri, les a. contestent l’ancienne lecture de l’inscription IDR III/1, 167 de Tibiscum, datée du décembre 159 / janvier 160, où à la ligne 3 on avait lu [e(x)]? n(umero) Pal(myrenorum) ou e(x) [n(umero) Pa]l(myrenorum), en proposant la lecture [e]x Pal(myra).
Par ceci, l’argument en faveur de la naissance des numeri Palmyrenorum de Dacie sous Antonin le Pieux tombe. On propose comme date de leur naissance, aussi bien en Dacie qu’en Numidie, les années 161/162. On continue par une analyse de leurs effectifs et de la hiérarchie de leurs officiers.
This paper presents the weapons and military equipment discovered as a result of recent archaeological excavations. The fort seems to have been garrisoned by a cavalry unit active in the Dacian campaigns, a fact suggested by the high density of barracks within (oriented per strigas). The discovery of some items of equine equipment, and of other related artefacts, also attests to the stationing of some cavalry forces. An interesting discussion is related to the discovery of a harness phalera, whose typological dating doesn’t go beyond the Flavian period. Items of equipment characteristic to the legions may indicate a promotion of auxiliary officers from among the legionnaires. It is very likely that they were promoted from the ranks of the legionnaires to command positions in the unit stationed at Mălăiesti. On the other hand, one cannot exclude the possibility that legionary detachments were stationed in these barracks. In this context, we also con nected the discussion of two socket pila, which, like the phalera, seem to have been ‘démodé’ items.
hinzugefügt wurde2. Die Besonderheit der Kirche von Densuș besteht darin, dass sie fast nur mit Spolien aus Sarmizegetusa erbaut wurde. Der Turm ruht auf Bögen, die von vier Pfeilern gestützt sind; jeder besteht aus zwei beschrifteten römischen Grabmonumenten3. Römische Marmorsäulen wurden als falsche Strebemauern
auf der Nord- und Südseite angefügt, und auf dem Dach wurden Grablöwen postiert4. Einige
der Spolien könnten lokaler Herkunft sein, denn in der unmittelbaren Nähe der Kirche wurden mächtige Fundamente einer römischen Villa festgelegt. Die zahlreichen Historiker und Epigraphiker, die während der letzten zwei Jahrhunderte die Kirche von Densuș besichtigten, haben die meisten dort vermauerten Inschriften gelesen und kommentiert; nur in einem Fall ist das bisher nicht gelungen.
fully accomplished by the first years of the reign of Hadrian when the area beyond the Danube, a military buffer of the province of Moesia Inferior, was given up and the units were instead garrisoned south of the Danube, or along the Olt River, in the newly created province of Dacia Inferior. The archaeological data have been rather scarce and unsatisfactory due to the situation in the field, namely that the older remains of the early Imperial period are beneath the late antique or early Byzantine forts and defensive structures. However, recent remote sensing surveys have provided important new information. Roman temporary camps have been identified (Carcaliu, Istria, Ovidiu and Căscioarele), which allow us to get a better picture of the Roman army deployment in this frontier area. From a rather static view of the army, accommodated within fortresses and forts from the reign of Trajan onwards, it is now possible to see an army on the move, deployed at times in other parts of the province. To these, the discovery of three marching camps, located beyond the Danube in modern Wallachia, but directly connected with the Lower Moesian army (the legion XI Claudia pia fidelis from Durostorum), should be also added (Vâlcele, Mărculești-Gară, Filipești-Cetățuie). This chapter will present the results of recent surveys and will set them into a broader provincial context.
Olt Gorges’ area. We briefly review the most important facts and interpretations we have about the road
and the forts between Boița and Stolniceni - Buridava, on the north-south direction. This analysis
integrates cartographic data regarding the Roman roads along with information about the forts built
along them.
The topic is complementary to recent studies conducted by the same authors on Roman forts built along
the Olt Valley, between Hoghiz and Boița. The Roman Road, popularly called "Trajan's Way" or "Trajan's
Road", started from the Danube at Corabia – Sucidava, reaching Boița - Caput Stenarum, in
Transylvania. After passing through the plain (Reșca, Piatra Olt, Drăgășani, Ionești), as well as near the
meadows of the Olt River in the Romanților Plain (Islaz, Tia Mare, Băbiciu, Slăveni), it reached the area
of Râmnicu Vâlcea. In this place, the Roman Road is mostly overlapped by DN 64 (National Road / 64).
Departing from Sânbotin towards Jiblea, the Roman Road forks. The main road bypassed the Cozia
massif passing through Sălătrucel, Berislăvești, Rădăcinești, Pripoare and Titești, while another route
followed the eastern bank of the Olt River passing by the fortifications of Arutela, Copăceni and Racovița.
With the crossing of this route into the Olt Gorge, the Roman Road could be spotted along the eastern bank of the Olt River, sometimes suspended on wooden beams and sometimes dug into the massive rock. A large part of the Roman Road was submerged during the building of the power plants on the Olt River. It is very likely that the two access roads met at Racovița (Praetorium). Certainly, the road on the eastern bank of the Olt River could be traced north of Racovița to Câineni, although we do not exclude another old access route from Titești to Câineni via the Loviștea depression. From Câineni - Pons Vetus? towards Boița - Caput Stenarum opinions are divided regarding the route of this Roman Road, whether it followed the western or eastern banks of the river.
să fie prezentate cele mai noi date obţinute în cadrul Programului Naţional LIMES.
Potrivit planului de acţiune al programului, identificarea monumentelor a fost realizată
prin colectarea datelor pe teren prin periegheze, măsurători topografice și înregistrări prin zboruri cu drona (fotografii ortografice, oblice și filmări), coroborate apoi de informaţiile disponibile în arhive la momentul respectiv. Cercetările s-au concentrat asupra fortificaţiilor și a zonelor adiacente. Studiul efectuat încearcă să arate valorea acestor situri în vederea protejării și valorificării lor durabile prin includerea în Lista
Patrimoniului Mondial UNESCO.
Lucrarea este o versiune a raportului Ovidiu Țentea, Florian Matei-Popescu, Vlad Călina, Frontiera romană din Dacia Inferior. O trecere în revistă și o actualizare. 1., Cercetări Arheologice, Vol. 28.1, pag. 9-90, 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.46535/ca.28.1.01
Similar stamped bricks were found in two buildings located nearby the gold mines at Alburnus Maior (present day Roșia Montană, Romania), about 75 km NW of Apulum. Optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy have been used in order to find if the stamped bricks from Alburnus Major are made of the same material as those from Apulum.
A similar, Fe-rich illitic matrix (with or without carbonate), was found in the bricks from both sites. Fragments of quartz, K feldspar, plagioclase and muscovite, as well as coarse lithoclasts (basalt, andesite, rhyolite, granite-granodiorite, limestone, sandstone, silicastone, micaschist, gneiss, quartzite)
are common.
The SEM investigation show similar changes upon firing, for both the Apulum and the Alburnus Major bricks. The lowest temperature is shown by the sintered mass of illite and muscovite. The highest temperature is recorded by the extended vitrification. The glass has a variable composition, basically
SiCaFeAl-rich. The glass formed by thermal decomposition of carbonates and subsequent reaction with clay minerals and quartz, to form a melt.
Products of recarbonation are found in the secondary voids.
The matrix composition indicates the use of similar clay, cropping out towards NW of the site, for raw material. The composition of the clasts, in
particular the lithoclasts, both in the Apulum and Alburnus Major samples is similar and suggests alluvial sands mined SE of Apulum, as tempering
material.
The results support the assumption that the bricks have been produced at Apulum, in a specialised workshop of P. Cl(odius) D(onatus?). From here, part
of the bricks were transported along the Roman road (visible even today), up in the mountains, to Alburnus Major.
Acknowledgement
The study was financed by the Romanian Ministry of Education and the Romanian Ministry of Research through the project UEFISCDI/CNCS PN-III-P4-ID-PCE-2016-0229. C.I. also acknowledges
subsidy by the Russian Government.