SPIRIT 2013 Checklist: recommended items to address in a clinical trial protocol and related docu... more SPIRIT 2013 Checklist: recommended items to address in a clinical trial protocol and related documents. (DOC 122 kb)
Mental health issues for young people in the UK are relatively common, being experienced by upwar... more Mental health issues for young people in the UK are relatively common, being experienced by upwards of 10% of people aged between 5 and 15 (NHS Digital, 2018). Evidence for the benefits of school-based counselling in UK schools is also steadily mounting, as is interest in and support for the idea. In spite of this, its provision within schools in England remains insecure and it has been subject to a recurring cycle of development and decline since its inception in the 1960s. This dissertation comprises a personalised account of the researchers’ own shared journey as experienced counsellors who were new to an inner-city secondary school setting and were encountering difficulties working effectively in that new context. Our initial question was therefore: How could we make sense of the difficulties we were experiencing? As our research progressed, social and cultural processes in the school community were identified, and a further question emerged: How might any of the understanding g...
The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with p... more The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with primary sources of information. Taylor and Francis shall not be liable for any losses, actions, claims, proceedings, demands, costs, expenses, damages, and other liabilities whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with, in relation to or arising out of the use of the Content. This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden.
There has now been more than a hundred years of psychoanalytic theorizing on the development of p... more There has now been more than a hundred years of psychoanalytic theorizing on the development of personality, and there are consequently a variety of different psychodynamic models. Despite sharing common origins, each of these theories has a different emphasis. Some theorists have sought to adapt existing ideas to remain within the psychoanalytic approach, while others have redefined them as distinct and separate.
In beginning to contemplate what I might write for this invitation to follow Carl Rogers, 40 year... more In beginning to contemplate what I might write for this invitation to follow Carl Rogers, 40 years on, I initially felt flattered to be asked and daunted to follow such a pioneer and towering figure within psychology as Rogers. In beginning to contemplate what I had to say, I began to feel that the invitation to 'speak to the profession' also felt something of an anathema to my humanistic values. I didn't feel in any position to highlight issues for the profession and to make suggestions to address them; this felt rather too grand. I have therefore chosen to explore what I see as the most immediate challenges for me as a 'helping professional' rather than for all, and hope that others may find that my subjective, perhaps parochial concerns might serve as a catalyst for their own reflection. I am also aware that what have become my preoccupations arise from my position in the UK (for this I apologise in advance), my position as a parent of five young children (four of them daughters), and from my own history as an isolated person-centred voice striving to hold a place for such humanistic practice, free at the point of delivery, within the UK National Health Service (NHS) system, and as a school counsellor experiencing the waxing and waning of interest in this as an aspect of a school structure.
The version in the Kent Academic Repository may differ from the final published version. Users ar... more The version in the Kent Academic Repository may differ from the final published version. Users are advised to check http://kar.kent.ac.uk for the status of the paper. Users should always cite the published version of record.
Training CfD is recommended in the NICE depression guideline for the treatment of people with per... more Training CfD is recommended in the NICE depression guideline for the treatment of people with persistent sub-threshold depressive symptoms or mild to moderate depression. Between six and 10 treatment sessions are recommended, over a period of eight to 12 weeks. Other IAPT therapies are typically offered in contracts of 15–20 sessions. To create parity, and because of the difficulty of diagnosing in routine practice exact levels of severity of depression, the central IAPT team agreed that counselling should be offered in contracts of up to 20 sessions, to allow counsellors to work effectively with a range of depressed clients. All therapies offered within the IAPT programme have to establish strong links between the evidence for effectiveness that supports their inclusion in the NICE depression guideline and the therapy delivered to clients. Therapeutic trainings are many and varied; therapists have different levels of training and may tend to develop idiosyncratic ways of working, b...
The title of this book makes a bold assertion: 'Person-Centered and Experiential therapies wo... more The title of this book makes a bold assertion: 'Person-Centered and Experiential therapies work.' Eighteen authors, all leading experts in their fields, review the available evidence to support this assertion across a range of sectors and person-centered and experiential (PCE) research tools and methods.
Research As reported in February's Therapy Today, 1 BACP has, with partners in the higher edu... more Research As reported in February's Therapy Today, 1 BACP has, with partners in the higher education sector, developed a continuing professional development (CPD) training programme in Counselling for Depression (CfD), for counsellors working in Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) services. The training is currently being rolled out and we now have a network of accredited providers covering most of England. CfD is a competence-based person-centred/experiential (PCE) therapy for people with depression. It is recommended by NICE as a high-intensity intervention for persistent sub-threshold depressive symptoms or mild to moderate depression. 2 The training programme is designed for experienced counsellors who already hold an initial qualification in person-centred or humanistic counselling/psychotherapy. The CfD training programme and its associated competence framework, together with the person-centred and experiential scale (PCEPS) 3 that is used to assess adherence...
Background: There is a growing body of data to show that participation in school-based counsellin... more Background: There is a growing body of data to show that participation in school-based counselling is associated with significant reductions in psychological distress. However, this cannot be taken as evidence that school-based counselling is effective, as improvements may have happened without the intervention. Aims: The purpose of this study was to develop a method of estimating the amount of 'natural' change that might be expected in young people who would attend school-based counselling, such that the effects of the intervention over and above this amount could be identified. Method: Young Person's CORE (YP-CORE) scores from 74 participants allocated to waiting list control conditions in four pilot trials of school-based counselling in the UK were re-analysed using regression models, and a formula was found for estimating the outcomes for young people were they not to receive counselling. This was termed their Estimated Non-intervention Outcome (ENO), and could then be compared against the young person's Actual Outcome (AO), to give an estimated intervention effect (EIE). Results: The formula for the ENO was 4.17 + 0.64 9 baseline score. Using this, we calculated a mean EIE for 256 young people in a cohort evaluation study of school-based counselling, which showed that the counselling was associated with large and significantly greater change than would be expected without the intervention (Cohen's d = 0.91). Discussion: The method presented in this paper is a simple means for improving the accuracy of estimations of treatment effectiveness, helping to adjust for changes due to spontaneous recovery and other non-treatment effects.
Drawing on many years’ experience of counselling in secondary schools,
Peter Pearce and Ros Sewel... more Drawing on many years’ experience of counselling in secondary schools, Peter Pearce and Ros Sewell propose a new theory to capture the sometimes fleeting nature of the counsellor’s relationship with young people
SPIRIT 2013 Checklist: recommended items to address in a clinical trial protocol and related docu... more SPIRIT 2013 Checklist: recommended items to address in a clinical trial protocol and related documents. (DOC 122 kb)
Mental health issues for young people in the UK are relatively common, being experienced by upwar... more Mental health issues for young people in the UK are relatively common, being experienced by upwards of 10% of people aged between 5 and 15 (NHS Digital, 2018). Evidence for the benefits of school-based counselling in UK schools is also steadily mounting, as is interest in and support for the idea. In spite of this, its provision within schools in England remains insecure and it has been subject to a recurring cycle of development and decline since its inception in the 1960s. This dissertation comprises a personalised account of the researchers’ own shared journey as experienced counsellors who were new to an inner-city secondary school setting and were encountering difficulties working effectively in that new context. Our initial question was therefore: How could we make sense of the difficulties we were experiencing? As our research progressed, social and cultural processes in the school community were identified, and a further question emerged: How might any of the understanding g...
The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with p... more The accuracy of the Content should not be relied upon and should be independently verified with primary sources of information. Taylor and Francis shall not be liable for any losses, actions, claims, proceedings, demands, costs, expenses, damages, and other liabilities whatsoever or howsoever caused arising directly or indirectly in connection with, in relation to or arising out of the use of the Content. This article may be used for research, teaching, and private study purposes. Any substantial or systematic reproduction, redistribution, reselling, loan, sub-licensing, systematic supply, or distribution in any form to anyone is expressly forbidden.
There has now been more than a hundred years of psychoanalytic theorizing on the development of p... more There has now been more than a hundred years of psychoanalytic theorizing on the development of personality, and there are consequently a variety of different psychodynamic models. Despite sharing common origins, each of these theories has a different emphasis. Some theorists have sought to adapt existing ideas to remain within the psychoanalytic approach, while others have redefined them as distinct and separate.
In beginning to contemplate what I might write for this invitation to follow Carl Rogers, 40 year... more In beginning to contemplate what I might write for this invitation to follow Carl Rogers, 40 years on, I initially felt flattered to be asked and daunted to follow such a pioneer and towering figure within psychology as Rogers. In beginning to contemplate what I had to say, I began to feel that the invitation to 'speak to the profession' also felt something of an anathema to my humanistic values. I didn't feel in any position to highlight issues for the profession and to make suggestions to address them; this felt rather too grand. I have therefore chosen to explore what I see as the most immediate challenges for me as a 'helping professional' rather than for all, and hope that others may find that my subjective, perhaps parochial concerns might serve as a catalyst for their own reflection. I am also aware that what have become my preoccupations arise from my position in the UK (for this I apologise in advance), my position as a parent of five young children (four of them daughters), and from my own history as an isolated person-centred voice striving to hold a place for such humanistic practice, free at the point of delivery, within the UK National Health Service (NHS) system, and as a school counsellor experiencing the waxing and waning of interest in this as an aspect of a school structure.
The version in the Kent Academic Repository may differ from the final published version. Users ar... more The version in the Kent Academic Repository may differ from the final published version. Users are advised to check http://kar.kent.ac.uk for the status of the paper. Users should always cite the published version of record.
Training CfD is recommended in the NICE depression guideline for the treatment of people with per... more Training CfD is recommended in the NICE depression guideline for the treatment of people with persistent sub-threshold depressive symptoms or mild to moderate depression. Between six and 10 treatment sessions are recommended, over a period of eight to 12 weeks. Other IAPT therapies are typically offered in contracts of 15–20 sessions. To create parity, and because of the difficulty of diagnosing in routine practice exact levels of severity of depression, the central IAPT team agreed that counselling should be offered in contracts of up to 20 sessions, to allow counsellors to work effectively with a range of depressed clients. All therapies offered within the IAPT programme have to establish strong links between the evidence for effectiveness that supports their inclusion in the NICE depression guideline and the therapy delivered to clients. Therapeutic trainings are many and varied; therapists have different levels of training and may tend to develop idiosyncratic ways of working, b...
The title of this book makes a bold assertion: 'Person-Centered and Experiential therapies wo... more The title of this book makes a bold assertion: 'Person-Centered and Experiential therapies work.' Eighteen authors, all leading experts in their fields, review the available evidence to support this assertion across a range of sectors and person-centered and experiential (PCE) research tools and methods.
Research As reported in February's Therapy Today, 1 BACP has, with partners in the higher edu... more Research As reported in February's Therapy Today, 1 BACP has, with partners in the higher education sector, developed a continuing professional development (CPD) training programme in Counselling for Depression (CfD), for counsellors working in Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) services. The training is currently being rolled out and we now have a network of accredited providers covering most of England. CfD is a competence-based person-centred/experiential (PCE) therapy for people with depression. It is recommended by NICE as a high-intensity intervention for persistent sub-threshold depressive symptoms or mild to moderate depression. 2 The training programme is designed for experienced counsellors who already hold an initial qualification in person-centred or humanistic counselling/psychotherapy. The CfD training programme and its associated competence framework, together with the person-centred and experiential scale (PCEPS) 3 that is used to assess adherence...
Background: There is a growing body of data to show that participation in school-based counsellin... more Background: There is a growing body of data to show that participation in school-based counselling is associated with significant reductions in psychological distress. However, this cannot be taken as evidence that school-based counselling is effective, as improvements may have happened without the intervention. Aims: The purpose of this study was to develop a method of estimating the amount of 'natural' change that might be expected in young people who would attend school-based counselling, such that the effects of the intervention over and above this amount could be identified. Method: Young Person's CORE (YP-CORE) scores from 74 participants allocated to waiting list control conditions in four pilot trials of school-based counselling in the UK were re-analysed using regression models, and a formula was found for estimating the outcomes for young people were they not to receive counselling. This was termed their Estimated Non-intervention Outcome (ENO), and could then be compared against the young person's Actual Outcome (AO), to give an estimated intervention effect (EIE). Results: The formula for the ENO was 4.17 + 0.64 9 baseline score. Using this, we calculated a mean EIE for 256 young people in a cohort evaluation study of school-based counselling, which showed that the counselling was associated with large and significantly greater change than would be expected without the intervention (Cohen's d = 0.91). Discussion: The method presented in this paper is a simple means for improving the accuracy of estimations of treatment effectiveness, helping to adjust for changes due to spontaneous recovery and other non-treatment effects.
Drawing on many years’ experience of counselling in secondary schools,
Peter Pearce and Ros Sewel... more Drawing on many years’ experience of counselling in secondary schools, Peter Pearce and Ros Sewell propose a new theory to capture the sometimes fleeting nature of the counsellor’s relationship with young people
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Peter Pearce and Ros Sewell propose a new theory to capture the sometimes fleeting nature of the counsellor’s relationship with young people
Peter Pearce and Ros Sewell propose a new theory to capture the sometimes fleeting nature of the counsellor’s relationship with young people