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Kiyoshi Murata

Meiji, Commerce, Faculty Member

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Kiyoshi Murata is Director of the Centre for Business Information Ethics and Professor of MIS at the School of Commerce, Meiji University, Tokyo, Japan. He has studied information ethics since 1997 following his career of research on economics, operational research, business administration and management information systems, and established the centre in April 2006, which is the only research institute to study information ethics in Japan. Kiyoshi has been an international research associate at the Centre for Computing and Social Responsibility, De Montfort University, Leicester, UK since 2005, an advisor of the Computer Ethics Society based in Hong Kong since 2012 and a president of the Japan Society for Information and Management since 2016. He serves as an editorial board member of Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society, Journal of Information and Management and Journal of the Japan Society for Management Information. His research interest is in e-business, information quality management, knowledge management and information ethics in business organisations including privacy, surveillance, ICT professionalism and gender issues.
Address: School of Commerce, Meiji University
1-1 Kanda Surugadai
Chiyoda
Tokyo 101-8301
Japan

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Papers by Kiyoshi Murata

Superheroes on screen: real life lessons for security debates

Security Journal, Sep 6, 2019

Superhero films and episodic shows have existed since the early days of those media, but since 9/... more Superhero films and episodic shows have existed since the early days of those media, but since 9/11, they have become one of the most popular and most lucrative forms of popular culture. These fantastic tales are not simple amusements but nuanced explorations of fundamental security questions. Their treatment of social issues of power, security and control are here interrogated using the Film Studies approach of close reading to showcase this relevance to the real-life considerations of the legitimacy of security approaches. By scrutinizing three specific pieces-Daredevil Season 2, Captain America: Civil War, and Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice-superhero tales are framed (by the authors) as narratives which significantly influence the general public's understanding of security, often encouraging them to view expansive power critically-to luxuriate within omnipotence while also recognizing the possibility as well as the need for limits, be they ethical or legal.

Do Honest People Pull the Short Straw?

IFIP advances in information and communication technology, 2018

Widespread acceptance of the value of the culture of openness and honesty in cyberspace, due to t... more Widespread acceptance of the value of the culture of openness and honesty in cyberspace, due to the proliferation of (in many cases, ostensibly free) online services such as social media, paradoxically encourages 'clever' or 'crafty' people to use those services in a closed or controlled fashion to their own advantage. Online services that would motivate such people to exploit 'honest' or 'innocent' users undermining the open and honest culture have been provided. This situation will lead to social issues, such as the spread of online behaviour that treats others as only a means, the distortion of digital as well as real identities of a wide range of individuals, and human alienation. Nobody except social media platform companies seems to get the benefit from people's social media usage in the longer term. In this paper, the nature of these issues is examined with referring to actual cases, and measures to address them, such as the establishment of the right to be translucent and the notion of co-ownership of digital objects, are proposed.

Introduction to the special issue: The second international conference of the Asian privacy scholars network

The Journal of Law and Information Science, 2014

Following Snowden: an international survey

Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society, Aug 14, 2017

Moving technology ethics at the forefront of society, organisations and governments

マスカスタマイゼーションシステムによる製造における効率と効果のバランス:ハイ・ロー・エントロピー枠組み

日本情報経営学会誌, 2009

The Privacy Paradox: Invading Privacy While Protecting Privacy

[New] Normal Technology Ethics

Uncertainty is reaching new heights in our current Society. The digital transformation is acceler... more Uncertainty is reaching new heights in our current Society. The digital transformation is accelerating even more due to the pandemic, penetrating into the digital DNA of individuals and organisations. For example, using AI to predict the pandemic, tracking systems to manage the spread of the virus, the use of eCommerce to avoid risky personal contacts, videoconferencing to keep family and friend relationships, eLearning to ensure safety when teaching and learning at all levels, teleworking from home, and the key role of digital technologies in the emerging Green New Deal. All of these digital technologies are operating at the core of societal challenges nowadays. A key question is whether ICT ethical concerns are at the forefront of the transformational agenda of the new normal? At ETHICOMP 2021, we discuss with scholarship and professionals that addresses technological ethical concerns that should be included in the transformational agenda of Society, Organisations and Governments

Capturing the Trap in the Seemingly Free: Cinema and the Deceptive Machinations of Surveillance Capitalism

Shoshana Zuboff's concept of the Big Other offers a means to understand the paradigm shifts provo... more Shoshana Zuboff's concept of the Big Other offers a means to understand the paradigm shifts provoked by surveillance capitalism-by social networking systems collecting user data with little government oversight or end user understanding. The Big Other's inescapable annihilating power comes in part for how it evades legibility. In her analysis, Zuboff does not fully historicize the Big Other's rise, only broadly comparing its logic of total conquest to that of former imperial powers. Our paper disrupts the pervasive illegibility of the Big Other using three key examples in global cinema. In the process, we productively fill in historical blind spots in Zuboff's framework. To underline the new subjugations of the Big Other, our interdisciplinary paper traces the line between what constitutes just and the unjust surveillance within business. Our examples feature enthused surveillance capitalists as well as confused, even terrified end users. We end by framing the historical roots of such an unquestioned form of mass surveillance by situating studies about the role of bureaucracies and Big Data in the Holocaust. Our comparison illustrates the troubling consequences of the Big Other's emergence: to be reduced to data is to accept the possibility of being deleted.

Snowden's revelations led to more informed and shocked German citizens

Computers & society, Jan 5, 2016

This study investigates the attitudes towards and social impacts of Edward Snowden's revelations ... more This study investigates the attitudes towards and social impacts of Edward Snowden's revelations in Germany through a questionnaire survey with German youngsters as part of the worldwide cross-cultural analyses. However due to Snowden's revelations a continuing discussion about privacy, safety, security and data protection was unleashed in Germany. The results show interesting values and settings of young people in Germany. For example: The majority 69.41% of the surveyed persons feel that the usage of the Internet threatens their privacy.

Asian Privacy Scholars Explore Social Networking Dangers

Social Science Research Network, Jan 27, 2013

ABSTRACT This article is a report on the Asian Privacy Scholars Network (APSN) 2nd International ... more ABSTRACT This article is a report on the Asian Privacy Scholars Network (APSN) 2nd International Conference: Privacy in the Social Networked World, Meiji University, Tokyo on 19-20 November 2012. The Conference involved researchers from ten countries, and was hosted by the Centre for Business Information Ethics at Meiji University, Tokyo. APSN is an association of over 50 privacy researchers, primarily from Asia-Pacific countries. Privacy issues in social networks (SNS) were a main focus of the conference, with papers on the impact of the proposed EU Regulation on SNS; on the perspective of ‘crowd-sourced surveillance’ as an emergent use of SNS to identify, shame and report to police; on regulatory strategies including competition law to protect privacy; and on the market opportunities offered by the desires of individuals for more privacy-friendly social media/SNS to emerge.The conference sub-theme was privacy developments across Asia, and papers were presented concerning the state of privacy protection in Thailand, Japan, South Korea, Indonesia and India.The final Conference session debated and agreed upon a statement by all the speakers, urging governments and data protection agencies in Asian jurisdictions to study the following matters:• the need for comprehensive data privacy laws in countries that do not already have them;• the national advantages of accession of Asian countries to multinational privacy treaties such as Council of Europe data protection Convention 108; • whether existing data privacy laws can adequately regulate Social Networking Services (SNS) and other social media;• the need for comprehensive privacy protections in relation to any development of national identification (ID) systems.’

Following Snowden, German uncertainty about monitoring

Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society, Aug 14, 2017

Purpose-As part of an international study of knowledge of and attitudes to Snowden's revelations ... more Purpose-As part of an international study of knowledge of and attitudes to Snowden's revelations about the activities of the NSA/GCHQ, this paper deals with Germany, taking its socio-cultural and political environment surrounding privacy and state surveillance into account. Design/methodology/approach-A questionnaire was answered by 76 German University students. The quantitative responses to the survey were statistically analysed as well as qualitative considerations of free text answers. Findings-Snowden's revelations have had an important influence over German students' attitudes toward privacy and state surveillance, and shows concerns over the privacy risks associated with Internet activity. Practical implications-The study results imply a need to build a collective awareness of the importance of the right to privacy and its responsibilities, the available technological options for individuals to exert their own privacy and security and the democratic means to agree and enforce appropriate legal restrictions on state surveillance. Social implications-Young Germans support Snowden's actions and would be more willing to emulate him in Germany than the US. While many believe that people must give up some privacy and freedom for security, few seem to believe that current US or German approaches are valid and justified. Originality/value-This study is the first attempt to investigate the social impact of Snowden's revelations on German students' attitudes toward privacy and state surveillance as part of cross-cultural analyses between eight countries.

Information surveillance by governments

Computers & society, Jan 5, 2016

This study investigates the attitudes towards and social impacts of Edward Snowden's revelati... more This study investigates the attitudes towards and social impacts of Edward Snowden's revelations in Spain through a questionnaire survey answered by students in two Spanish universities (Universitat Rovira i Virgili and Burgos University). It is part of the worldwide cross-cultural analyses about privacy perceptions in young people. The survey results take into socio-cultural and political environment.

Ripples down under: New Zealand youngsters’ attitudes and conduct following Snowden

Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society, Aug 14, 2017

Purpose This study aims to test the attitudes towards and social consequences of Edward Snowden’s... more Purpose This study aims to test the attitudes towards and social consequences of Edward Snowden’s revelations in New Zealand, taking into account New Zealand’s socio-cultural and political environment especially as regards privacy and state surveillance. Design/methodology/approach A questionnaire survey of 66 university students and semi-structured follow-up interviews with 18 respondents were conducted, in addition to reviews of the literature on privacy and state surveillance in New Zealand. The outcomes of the survey were statistically analysed and qualitative analyses of the interview results were also performed. Findings Despite a lack of detailed knowledge concerning Snowden’s revelations and a relative lack of knowledge of domestic law enforcement agencies, as well as those devoted to protecting human rights and privacy, the revelations have had a noticeable effect on New Zealand youngsters’ attitudes towards privacy and state surveillance, mainly evidenced in their willingness to emulate Snowden’s actions and in their changed online behaviour, thereby demonstrating a chilling effect. Practical implications The study results suggest younger New Zealanders are aware of and concerned with their privacy and that the government should better publicise the existing mechanisms for protecting human rights and privacy as well as for whistle-blowing by individuals to give effect to the aspirations of younger citizens in particular. Social implications The results of this study, based on a questionnaire survey, indicates that state surveillance and other threats to privacy are issues of concern to younger New Zealanders and that better public education is needed as to the mechanisms that are available for citizens to protect their privacy and human rights. Originality/value This study is the first attempt to investigate the social impact of Snowden’s revelations on New Zealand youngsters’ attitudes toward privacy and state surveillance as part of cross-cultural analyses between eight countries.

‘My Number’ Unlikely to Thaw Japan's Frozen Data Privacy Laws

Social Science Research Network, Dec 1, 2012

ABSTRACT This article examines Japan’s proposed ID card and data matching system, called &#39... more ABSTRACT This article examines Japan’s proposed ID card and data matching system, called &#39;My Number&#39;. Any businesses operating in Japan will be very likely to find themselves dealing with aspects of the ‘My Number’ system if they seek to do any work on behalf of agencies at any level of the Japanese government, and will consequently have to comply with this additional layer of Japanese law. Japan’s current data privacy laws are frozen in low standards and lack of enforcement, despite being enacted almost a decade ago.The ‘Bill for using a unique number to identify a particular citizen in administrative procedures’ (‘My Number Bill’) introduced into the Diet in February 2012, included an expansive version of an ID card and number system. The Japanese government claims that the permitted use of the My number is limited to uses for only three purposes, namely social welfare, taxation, and disaster damage prevention However, this article argues that the result of the Bill&#39;s drafting is that it effectively authorises very extensive data matching within Japan’s public sector: data collected for any of the defined purposes can be required and used for any of the other defined purposes, by other agencies. Individuals will have no remedies. Just as data subjects have no rights to take any individual action before a court if their rights have been violated under the existing data protection laws, they will have no rights if any illegal uses occur of their My Number information or files. Implementation of this data matching system also raises the question of whether a country can remain compliant with the OECD privacy Guidelines if it abandons the ‘finality’ principle (use and disclosure only for the purposes of collection) across such a large part of its public sector, rather than making more specific exceptions to these principles. There are no means of testing this.The Bill that has lapsed with the calling of the December election had general support from all parties. It is expected that a new Bill would undergo some revisions, but that its passage will return to the legislative agenda in 2013.

Perceived Risks and Required Management Rigorousness for the Use of Personal Information

Snowden’s revelations and the attitudes of students at Swedish universities

Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society, Aug 14, 2017

Purpose-Mapping of Swedish students' attitudes toward Snowden's revelations and their effects in ... more Purpose-Mapping of Swedish students' attitudes toward Snowden's revelations and their effects in the political and socio-cultural environment of Sweden. Design/methodology/approach-A questionnaire was answered by 190 Swedish University students. The quantitative responses to the survey were statistically analysed as well as qualitative considerations of free text answers. Findings-Swedish students had a high level of knowledge of Snowden revelations, they actively searched for information, they gave a positive judgement of Snowden's actions and they were willing to follow his example in Sweden but not the US. They trusted their country and most of its institutions and authorities except for secret service agencies and Internet and computer software companies. Practical implications-Design of education for university students, especially in Information Technology programs. Social implications-Developing and applying policies on privacy, surveillance and whistleblowing. Originality/value-This study is part of a bigger international study to map students' attitudes toward Snowden's revelations and their opinions about privacy, surveillance and whistleblowing opening up for cross-cultural analyses.

Jasmin/Jpaisセッション：研究の国際化に向けて

Correction to: Tetsugaku Companion to Japanese Ethics and Technology

Tetsugaku Companion to Japanese Ethics and Technology, 2019

This book was inadvertently published with the incorrect font (Adobe Myungjo Std) used to render ... more

Paradigm Shifts in ICT Ethics

Superheroes on screen: real life lessons for security debates

Security Journal, Sep 6, 2019

Superhero films and episodic shows have existed since the early days of those media, but since 9/... more Superhero films and episodic shows have existed since the early days of those media, but since 9/11, they have become one of the most popular and most lucrative forms of popular culture. These fantastic tales are not simple amusements but nuanced explorations of fundamental security questions. Their treatment of social issues of power, security and control are here interrogated using the Film Studies approach of close reading to showcase this relevance to the real-life considerations of the legitimacy of security approaches. By scrutinizing three specific pieces-Daredevil Season 2, Captain America: Civil War, and Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice-superhero tales are framed (by the authors) as narratives which significantly influence the general public's understanding of security, often encouraging them to view expansive power critically-to luxuriate within omnipotence while also recognizing the possibility as well as the need for limits, be they ethical or legal.

Do Honest People Pull the Short Straw?

IFIP advances in information and communication technology, 2018

Widespread acceptance of the value of the culture of openness and honesty in cyberspace, due to t... more Widespread acceptance of the value of the culture of openness and honesty in cyberspace, due to the proliferation of (in many cases, ostensibly free) online services such as social media, paradoxically encourages 'clever' or 'crafty' people to use those services in a closed or controlled fashion to their own advantage. Online services that would motivate such people to exploit 'honest' or 'innocent' users undermining the open and honest culture have been provided. This situation will lead to social issues, such as the spread of online behaviour that treats others as only a means, the distortion of digital as well as real identities of a wide range of individuals, and human alienation. Nobody except social media platform companies seems to get the benefit from people's social media usage in the longer term. In this paper, the nature of these issues is examined with referring to actual cases, and measures to address them, such as the establishment of the right to be translucent and the notion of co-ownership of digital objects, are proposed.

Introduction to the special issue: The second international conference of the Asian privacy scholars network

The Journal of Law and Information Science, 2014

Following Snowden: an international survey

Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society, Aug 14, 2017

Moving technology ethics at the forefront of society, organisations and governments

マスカスタマイゼーションシステムによる製造における効率と効果のバランス:ハイ・ロー・エントロピー枠組み

日本情報経営学会誌, 2009

The Privacy Paradox: Invading Privacy While Protecting Privacy

[New] Normal Technology Ethics

Uncertainty is reaching new heights in our current Society. The digital transformation is acceler... more Uncertainty is reaching new heights in our current Society. The digital transformation is accelerating even more due to the pandemic, penetrating into the digital DNA of individuals and organisations. For example, using AI to predict the pandemic, tracking systems to manage the spread of the virus, the use of eCommerce to avoid risky personal contacts, videoconferencing to keep family and friend relationships, eLearning to ensure safety when teaching and learning at all levels, teleworking from home, and the key role of digital technologies in the emerging Green New Deal. All of these digital technologies are operating at the core of societal challenges nowadays. A key question is whether ICT ethical concerns are at the forefront of the transformational agenda of the new normal? At ETHICOMP 2021, we discuss with scholarship and professionals that addresses technological ethical concerns that should be included in the transformational agenda of Society, Organisations and Governments

Capturing the Trap in the Seemingly Free: Cinema and the Deceptive Machinations of Surveillance Capitalism

Shoshana Zuboff's concept of the Big Other offers a means to understand the paradigm shifts provo... more Shoshana Zuboff's concept of the Big Other offers a means to understand the paradigm shifts provoked by surveillance capitalism-by social networking systems collecting user data with little government oversight or end user understanding. The Big Other's inescapable annihilating power comes in part for how it evades legibility. In her analysis, Zuboff does not fully historicize the Big Other's rise, only broadly comparing its logic of total conquest to that of former imperial powers. Our paper disrupts the pervasive illegibility of the Big Other using three key examples in global cinema. In the process, we productively fill in historical blind spots in Zuboff's framework. To underline the new subjugations of the Big Other, our interdisciplinary paper traces the line between what constitutes just and the unjust surveillance within business. Our examples feature enthused surveillance capitalists as well as confused, even terrified end users. We end by framing the historical roots of such an unquestioned form of mass surveillance by situating studies about the role of bureaucracies and Big Data in the Holocaust. Our comparison illustrates the troubling consequences of the Big Other's emergence: to be reduced to data is to accept the possibility of being deleted.

Snowden's revelations led to more informed and shocked German citizens

Computers & society, Jan 5, 2016

This study investigates the attitudes towards and social impacts of Edward Snowden's revelations ... more This study investigates the attitudes towards and social impacts of Edward Snowden's revelations in Germany through a questionnaire survey with German youngsters as part of the worldwide cross-cultural analyses. However due to Snowden's revelations a continuing discussion about privacy, safety, security and data protection was unleashed in Germany. The results show interesting values and settings of young people in Germany. For example: The majority 69.41% of the surveyed persons feel that the usage of the Internet threatens their privacy.

Asian Privacy Scholars Explore Social Networking Dangers

Social Science Research Network, Jan 27, 2013

ABSTRACT This article is a report on the Asian Privacy Scholars Network (APSN) 2nd International ... more ABSTRACT This article is a report on the Asian Privacy Scholars Network (APSN) 2nd International Conference: Privacy in the Social Networked World, Meiji University, Tokyo on 19-20 November 2012. The Conference involved researchers from ten countries, and was hosted by the Centre for Business Information Ethics at Meiji University, Tokyo. APSN is an association of over 50 privacy researchers, primarily from Asia-Pacific countries. Privacy issues in social networks (SNS) were a main focus of the conference, with papers on the impact of the proposed EU Regulation on SNS; on the perspective of ‘crowd-sourced surveillance’ as an emergent use of SNS to identify, shame and report to police; on regulatory strategies including competition law to protect privacy; and on the market opportunities offered by the desires of individuals for more privacy-friendly social media/SNS to emerge.The conference sub-theme was privacy developments across Asia, and papers were presented concerning the state of privacy protection in Thailand, Japan, South Korea, Indonesia and India.The final Conference session debated and agreed upon a statement by all the speakers, urging governments and data protection agencies in Asian jurisdictions to study the following matters:• the need for comprehensive data privacy laws in countries that do not already have them;• the national advantages of accession of Asian countries to multinational privacy treaties such as Council of Europe data protection Convention 108; • whether existing data privacy laws can adequately regulate Social Networking Services (SNS) and other social media;• the need for comprehensive privacy protections in relation to any development of national identification (ID) systems.’

Following Snowden, German uncertainty about monitoring

Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society, Aug 14, 2017

Purpose-As part of an international study of knowledge of and attitudes to Snowden's revelations ... more Purpose-As part of an international study of knowledge of and attitudes to Snowden's revelations about the activities of the NSA/GCHQ, this paper deals with Germany, taking its socio-cultural and political environment surrounding privacy and state surveillance into account. Design/methodology/approach-A questionnaire was answered by 76 German University students. The quantitative responses to the survey were statistically analysed as well as qualitative considerations of free text answers. Findings-Snowden's revelations have had an important influence over German students' attitudes toward privacy and state surveillance, and shows concerns over the privacy risks associated with Internet activity. Practical implications-The study results imply a need to build a collective awareness of the importance of the right to privacy and its responsibilities, the available technological options for individuals to exert their own privacy and security and the democratic means to agree and enforce appropriate legal restrictions on state surveillance. Social implications-Young Germans support Snowden's actions and would be more willing to emulate him in Germany than the US. While many believe that people must give up some privacy and freedom for security, few seem to believe that current US or German approaches are valid and justified. Originality/value-This study is the first attempt to investigate the social impact of Snowden's revelations on German students' attitudes toward privacy and state surveillance as part of cross-cultural analyses between eight countries.

Information surveillance by governments

Computers & society, Jan 5, 2016

This study investigates the attitudes towards and social impacts of Edward Snowden's revelati... more This study investigates the attitudes towards and social impacts of Edward Snowden's revelations in Spain through a questionnaire survey answered by students in two Spanish universities (Universitat Rovira i Virgili and Burgos University). It is part of the worldwide cross-cultural analyses about privacy perceptions in young people. The survey results take into socio-cultural and political environment.

Ripples down under: New Zealand youngsters’ attitudes and conduct following Snowden

Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society, Aug 14, 2017

Purpose This study aims to test the attitudes towards and social consequences of Edward Snowden’s... more Purpose This study aims to test the attitudes towards and social consequences of Edward Snowden’s revelations in New Zealand, taking into account New Zealand’s socio-cultural and political environment especially as regards privacy and state surveillance. Design/methodology/approach A questionnaire survey of 66 university students and semi-structured follow-up interviews with 18 respondents were conducted, in addition to reviews of the literature on privacy and state surveillance in New Zealand. The outcomes of the survey were statistically analysed and qualitative analyses of the interview results were also performed. Findings Despite a lack of detailed knowledge concerning Snowden’s revelations and a relative lack of knowledge of domestic law enforcement agencies, as well as those devoted to protecting human rights and privacy, the revelations have had a noticeable effect on New Zealand youngsters’ attitudes towards privacy and state surveillance, mainly evidenced in their willingness to emulate Snowden’s actions and in their changed online behaviour, thereby demonstrating a chilling effect. Practical implications The study results suggest younger New Zealanders are aware of and concerned with their privacy and that the government should better publicise the existing mechanisms for protecting human rights and privacy as well as for whistle-blowing by individuals to give effect to the aspirations of younger citizens in particular. Social implications The results of this study, based on a questionnaire survey, indicates that state surveillance and other threats to privacy are issues of concern to younger New Zealanders and that better public education is needed as to the mechanisms that are available for citizens to protect their privacy and human rights. Originality/value This study is the first attempt to investigate the social impact of Snowden’s revelations on New Zealand youngsters’ attitudes toward privacy and state surveillance as part of cross-cultural analyses between eight countries.

‘My Number’ Unlikely to Thaw Japan's Frozen Data Privacy Laws

Social Science Research Network, Dec 1, 2012

ABSTRACT This article examines Japan’s proposed ID card and data matching system, called &#39... more ABSTRACT This article examines Japan’s proposed ID card and data matching system, called &#39;My Number&#39;. Any businesses operating in Japan will be very likely to find themselves dealing with aspects of the ‘My Number’ system if they seek to do any work on behalf of agencies at any level of the Japanese government, and will consequently have to comply with this additional layer of Japanese law. Japan’s current data privacy laws are frozen in low standards and lack of enforcement, despite being enacted almost a decade ago.The ‘Bill for using a unique number to identify a particular citizen in administrative procedures’ (‘My Number Bill’) introduced into the Diet in February 2012, included an expansive version of an ID card and number system. The Japanese government claims that the permitted use of the My number is limited to uses for only three purposes, namely social welfare, taxation, and disaster damage prevention However, this article argues that the result of the Bill&#39;s drafting is that it effectively authorises very extensive data matching within Japan’s public sector: data collected for any of the defined purposes can be required and used for any of the other defined purposes, by other agencies. Individuals will have no remedies. Just as data subjects have no rights to take any individual action before a court if their rights have been violated under the existing data protection laws, they will have no rights if any illegal uses occur of their My Number information or files. Implementation of this data matching system also raises the question of whether a country can remain compliant with the OECD privacy Guidelines if it abandons the ‘finality’ principle (use and disclosure only for the purposes of collection) across such a large part of its public sector, rather than making more specific exceptions to these principles. There are no means of testing this.The Bill that has lapsed with the calling of the December election had general support from all parties. It is expected that a new Bill would undergo some revisions, but that its passage will return to the legislative agenda in 2013.

Perceived Risks and Required Management Rigorousness for the Use of Personal Information

Snowden’s revelations and the attitudes of students at Swedish universities

Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society, Aug 14, 2017

Purpose-Mapping of Swedish students' attitudes toward Snowden's revelations and their effects in ... more Purpose-Mapping of Swedish students' attitudes toward Snowden's revelations and their effects in the political and socio-cultural environment of Sweden. Design/methodology/approach-A questionnaire was answered by 190 Swedish University students. The quantitative responses to the survey were statistically analysed as well as qualitative considerations of free text answers. Findings-Swedish students had a high level of knowledge of Snowden revelations, they actively searched for information, they gave a positive judgement of Snowden's actions and they were willing to follow his example in Sweden but not the US. They trusted their country and most of its institutions and authorities except for secret service agencies and Internet and computer software companies. Practical implications-Design of education for university students, especially in Information Technology programs. Social implications-Developing and applying policies on privacy, surveillance and whistleblowing. Originality/value-This study is part of a bigger international study to map students' attitudes toward Snowden's revelations and their opinions about privacy, surveillance and whistleblowing opening up for cross-cultural analyses.

Jasmin/Jpaisセッション：研究の国際化に向けて

Correction to: Tetsugaku Companion to Japanese Ethics and Technology

Tetsugaku Companion to Japanese Ethics and Technology, 2019

This book was inadvertently published with the incorrect font (Adobe Myungjo Std) used to render ... more

Paradigm Shifts in ICT Ethics

情報倫理入門：ICT社会におけるウェルビーイングの探求

ミネルヴァ書房, 2021

Tetsugaku Companion to Japanese Ethics and Technology

by Kiyoshi Murata and Thomas Lennerfors

This book explores the relevance of Japanese ethics for the field of ethics of technology. It cov... more This book explores the relevance of Japanese ethics for the field of ethics of technology. It covers the theories of Japanese ethicists such as Nishida Kitarō, Watsuji Tetsurō, Imamichi Tomonobu, Yuasa Yasuo, as well as more contemporary ethicists, and explores their relevance for the analysis of energy technologies, ICT, robots, and geoengineering. It features contributions from Japanese scholars, and international scholars who have applied Japanese ethics to problems in the global condition.

Technological development is considered to cause new ethical issues, such as genetically modified organisms fostering monocultures, nanotechnologies causing issues of privacy, as well as health and environmental issues, robotics raising issues about the meaning of humanity, and the risks of nuclear power, as witnessed in the Fukushima disaster. At the same time, technology embodies a hope for mankind, such as ICT improving relationships between human beings and nature, and smart systems assisting humans in leading a more ethical and environmentally friendly life. This book explores these ethical issues and their impact from a Japanese perspective.