Papers by Anne-Marie Livingstone
Revise and re-submit (British Journal of Criminology), 2024
The paper analyzes data from a participatory action research project on policing carried out with... more The paper analyzes data from a participatory action research project on policing carried out with Black and other racialized youth and explores the patterns of police aggression. Findings reveal that racial tropes of “street gangs,” in combination with tactics of “preventive policing,” do not only result in the over-policing of Black and racialized youth but also engender systematic abuses of police power that unfold in aggression, coercion, and intimidation. The paper stresses that racialized crime policies function to create a discursive context for aggressive policing.
Ethnic and Racial Studies, 2023
The paper explores why the provinces of Ontario and Quebec devised contrasting policies in respon... more The paper explores why the provinces of Ontario and Quebec devised contrasting policies in response to similar incidents of urban violence in the mid-2000s. In both settings, municipal police departments launched aggressive campaigns against so-called "youth gangs." However, Ontario went one step further and created a new "youth policy" to expand out-of-school programs for children and adolescents. By examining the origins of the policies in each province, the paper concludes that Black political actors in Ontario were leading champions of the youth policy, whereas, in Quebec, police chiefs took the driver's seat and advocated for a disciplinary strategy against "street gangs." The contrasts in policy and Black political participation exemplify the distinct racial politics of the provinces. Race-conscious policy in Ontario grows out of a tradition of Black radicalism and multi-racial coalitions. In Quebec, minority nationalism turns race into a proxy for clashes over ethnicity and culture.
Canadian Review of Sociology/Revue canadienne de sociologie
Canadian Ethnic Studies, 2015
There have been virtually no recent census-based studies on the familial characteristics of black... more There have been virtually no recent census-based studies on the familial characteristics of black Canadians. The present study is a partial replication and extension of a study on black families published two decades ago by Christensen and Weinfeld (1993) and based on the 1986 Canadian census. The present paper utilizes the 2006 census in order to examine the current conditions of black families in Canada and assess what has changed since 1986 in the composition, marital status, and income of these families. Findings indicate that black families are more culturally heterogeneous than ever. Despite this, racial disparities in family formation and household income have only accentuated since 1986, bearing unique consequences for native and foreign-born black men and women. On the whole, relatively more black Canadians 25-44 years of age were single and never married, divorced, or separated in 2006 than in 1986. Between 1986 and 2006, the disparities in income between black families with young children and the general population have grown larger, both for single and dual parent families. The consequences of higher family instability, lone-parent families, economic insecurity and poverty for black families can only be detrimental for the welfare of children, particularly in a context of racial inequality. These issues deserve to be further investigated.
Canadian Review of Sociology/Revue canadienne de sociologie, 2017
The paper contributes to the literature on black students and racial disparities in high school c... more The paper contributes to the literature on black students and racial disparities in high school completion in Canada and makes original use of the 2006 Census to analyze the educational attainment of 18-to 19-year-olds in Ontario and Quebec. Results of a logistic regression indicate that in both provinces, black/white disparities in graduation rates disappear when income, family structure, language, gender, and place of residence are taken into account. Higher rates of socioeconomic disadvantage among black children pose challenges for high school completion. These findings do not imply that racism has no impact; indeed, the paper concludes that high school completion may not be the outcome most suitable for evaluating the effects of racism on educational attainment. Future studies should examine the causes of racial disparities in intermediate outcomes of school success (i.e., grades, special education placement, academic tracking, and disciplinary sanctions), and their effects on the graduation rates and postsecondary pathways of black students. Cet article contribueà la littérature portant sur lesélèves noirs et les inégalités raciales au niveau de l'obtention d'un diplôme secondaire des 18-19 ans en Ontario et au Québec. Les résultats d'une régression logistique démontrent que, dans les deux provinces, les inégalités entre les noirs et les blancs au niveau du taux de diplomation disparaissent lorsque le revenu, la structure familiale, la langue, le sexe et le statut d'immigration sont pris en considération. Des taux plusélevés de We are grateful to the two anonymous reviewers for their insightful and constructive feedback on the first version of this paper. We remain solely responsible for its content.
Nouvelles Pratiques Sociales, 2021
Résumé
L’article décrit les résultats d’une enquête qualitative sur le profilage racial présent ... more Résumé
L’article décrit les résultats d’une enquête qualitative sur le profilage racial présent dans les pratiques policières et vécu par des jeunes de minorités racisées à Montréal, Québec. Dans plus de la moitié des 48 entrevues réalisées, des jeunes ont partagé des expériences troublantes de profilage racial provenant de policiers. Les résultats obtenus révèlent que le profilage racial que subissent les jeunes n’est pas seulement (ou même principalement) le produit de préjugés de la part des policiers, mais qu’il est le résultat de certaines politiques organisationnelles des services de police.
Abstract
This article describes the findings from a qualitative study on racial profiling in policing and its consequences for Black and other racialized youth in Montreal, Quebec. In more than half of the 48 interviews, young people reported experiences of racial discrimination by police officers. The results reveal that racial profiling is not only (or even principally) the product of police bias, but also a function of law enforcement policies.
Pp. 129-152 in Immigration, Racial and Ethnic Studies in 150 Years of Canada: Retrospects and Prospects, 2018
Le profilage racial dans les pratiques policières, 2018
Canadian Journal of Education, 2014
The article discusses the implementation and results of a youth participatory action research (YP... more The article discusses the implementation and results of a youth participatory action research (YPAR) project carried out with black high school students in 2009 and 2010 in Montreal, QC. The aim of the project was to involve black youth in studying the factors that either enhance or impede their success in school and thereby have them identify solutions that would be effective in reducing the high dropout rate of black students in Montreal. The participating students were 15 to 18 years of age, attended four high schools located across the city, and thus represented the cultural and linguistic diversity of Montreal’s black community. The results demonstrate that YPAR can lead to a deeper and fuller understanding of the factors that shape students’ experiences and performance in school than research that ignores the voices of young people. The study shows that black youth believe academic achievement is influenced by multiple and inter-related factors, including family, peers, school, and neighbourhood. The youth contend that high schools must do more to support black students by setting high expectations for success, maintaining positive teacher–student relations, integrating multicultural curricula such as courses on black history, promoting more innovative pedagogies in the classroom, expanding the range of extra-curricular activities, and working more closely with black community organizations.
Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Canadian Population Society, June 5-6, Victoria, B.C.
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Papers by Anne-Marie Livingstone
L’article décrit les résultats d’une enquête qualitative sur le profilage racial présent dans les pratiques policières et vécu par des jeunes de minorités racisées à Montréal, Québec. Dans plus de la moitié des 48 entrevues réalisées, des jeunes ont partagé des expériences troublantes de profilage racial provenant de policiers. Les résultats obtenus révèlent que le profilage racial que subissent les jeunes n’est pas seulement (ou même principalement) le produit de préjugés de la part des policiers, mais qu’il est le résultat de certaines politiques organisationnelles des services de police.
Abstract
This article describes the findings from a qualitative study on racial profiling in policing and its consequences for Black and other racialized youth in Montreal, Quebec. In more than half of the 48 interviews, young people reported experiences of racial discrimination by police officers. The results reveal that racial profiling is not only (or even principally) the product of police bias, but also a function of law enforcement policies.
L’article décrit les résultats d’une enquête qualitative sur le profilage racial présent dans les pratiques policières et vécu par des jeunes de minorités racisées à Montréal, Québec. Dans plus de la moitié des 48 entrevues réalisées, des jeunes ont partagé des expériences troublantes de profilage racial provenant de policiers. Les résultats obtenus révèlent que le profilage racial que subissent les jeunes n’est pas seulement (ou même principalement) le produit de préjugés de la part des policiers, mais qu’il est le résultat de certaines politiques organisationnelles des services de police.
Abstract
This article describes the findings from a qualitative study on racial profiling in policing and its consequences for Black and other racialized youth in Montreal, Quebec. In more than half of the 48 interviews, young people reported experiences of racial discrimination by police officers. The results reveal that racial profiling is not only (or even principally) the product of police bias, but also a function of law enforcement policies.