This paper describes how a classical instrument, the clarinet, can be extended with modern techno... more This paper describes how a classical instrument, the clarinet, can be extended with modern technology to create a new and easy to use augmented instrument. The paper describes the design process, technical details and how a musician can use the instrument. The clarinet bell is extended with sensor technology in order to improve the ways the clarinet is traditionally played and improve the performing artist's musical and performative expressions. New ways of performing music with a clarinet also opens up for novel ways of composing musical pieces. The design is iterated in two versions with improved hardware and form factor where everything is packaged into the clarinet bell. The clarinet uses electronics that wirelessly sends sensor data to a computer that processes a live audio feed via the software MAX 7 and plays it back via loudspeakers on the stage. The extended clarinet provides several ways of transforming audio and also adds several ways of making performances more visually interesting. It is shown that this way of using sensor technology in a traditional musical instrument adds new dimensions to the performance and allows creative persons to express themselves in new ways as well as giving the audience an improved experience.
In a world of ubiquitous media resources, such as cameras, displays, microphones, provided by a w... more In a world of ubiquitous media resources, such as cameras, displays, microphones, provided by a wide variety of multimedia systems, there is a need for automatic resource selection which seamlessly utilizes the best available communication tool from a user perspective. This paper therefore presents an algorithm which uses context-awareness to support automatic media resource selection. The algorithm takes advantage of an abstract classification of privacy, quality, and cost in order to compare media resources to user's preferences. As a proof of concept implementation, the algorithm has been incorporated into an e-meeting application called Marratech.
(Sweden) in which the next generation Internet technology, based on IP (Internet Protocols) multi... more (Sweden) in which the next generation Internet technology, based on IP (Internet Protocols) multicasting, has been used in practice over large geographic distances involving a wide variety of secondary and postsecondary students and teachers. Education Direct utilizes the mStar tool suite, which exploits IP multicasting to provide fully symmetric use of audio, video, group-synchronized World Wide Web browsers, whiteboards, chat, voting, recording, replay, annotation, and editing. All are integrated into the end user's desktop computer, making education both more available, independent of place and time, as well as of higher perceived quality. This paper reports on the methodology, context, technology, and experiences gained over a year of practical use. Sections of the paper cover: (1) background and context of the project; (2) usage patterns and participant profiles, including technicians, advances users, end users, and technologists; (3) technology, including IP-multicast, components of the mStar environment, and protocol standards; (4) network and preparations, focusing on the basic communications platform; (5) experiences and observations; (6) the mStar system as an educational innovation; and (7) related work. Contains 11 references. (Author/DLS)
This paper describes WebDesk, a distributed electronic conference environment in conjunction with... more This paper describes WebDesk, a distributed electronic conference environment in conjunction with the World Wide Web, WWW, where users share a common view of the distributed workspace and can interact with each other through audio, video, drawing and annotation of existing documents. WebDesk adds this functionality by using the new and evolving Javatechnology developed by SUN.
In this paper we describe a scheme in which each receiver of a multicast session receives a strea... more In this paper we describe a scheme in which each receiver of a multicast session receives a stream with a different, unique watermark, while still retaining the scalability of multicast. The watermarked streams can be used to trace those users who make unauthorized copies of a stream. The watermarking is enabled by encryption of two slightly different copies of the original stream with a large set of different keys.
The mStar environment for distributed education utilizes the WWW and IP-multicast to enable teach... more The mStar environment for distributed education utilizes the WWW and IP-multicast to enable teacher-student collaboration over large geographic distances. Several educational projects, spanning from secondary school courses to company internal training, have deployed the mStar environment. This paper reports on experiences gained over a year of practice at the Lule_ a University of Technology and the Centre for Distance-spanning Technology. The paper presents the methodology and technology used, while recognizing usage scenarios such as preparation of presentation material, distributed presentations, asynchronous playback of recorded and edited material, and virtual meetings for educational support.
has for the last few years deployed a net-based learning environment, mStar, to distribute course... more has for the last few years deployed a net-based learning environment, mStar, to distribute courses to students independent of time and geographic distance. The mStar enviroment gives remotely attending students equal possibilities as traditionally attending students to take an active part of a course, as well as enhancing the learning experience for all students. This is made possible through a novel combination of IP-multicast technology and the WWW. This paper reports on experiences gained over a few years of practice and depicts a vision of the next generation of the mStar environment.
This report summarize several of the issues regarding Uniform resource names (URNs) in the World ... more This report summarize several of the issues regarding Uniform resource names (URNs) in the World Wide Web (WWW) and their resolution to Uniform resource characteristics (URCs), so the information object can be retrieved. This report also describe a prototype implementation made by the author of an URN to URC translation service this can be used by World Wide Web clients. The major conclusion is that this area is very interesting but much work await to be done before a widely usable system is available.
This paper presents a framework for bringing the MBone and the WorldWide Web closer together by r... more This paper presents a framework for bringing the MBone and the WorldWide Web closer together by real-time distribution of HTML-pages and synchronization of WWW-browsers. This framework will allow for distributed presentations with WWW-material using the mWeb application. Distribution is done using two new protocols, Scalable Reliable Real-time Transport Protocol-SRRTP and Scalable Reliable File Distribution Protocol-SRFDP. Synchronization is achieved using the WebDesk Control Bus which allows for messaging in large groups of programs and hosts. This paper also presents how the mWeb application can be used for programmed presentations resulting in a television-like Web-TV.
In this paper we describe a Mobile Instant Messaging system, MIM, designed for mobile environment... more In this paper we describe a Mobile Instant Messaging system, MIM, designed for mobile environments. During design of mobile applications several new problems and possibilities have to be considered that do not exist with applications targeted at desktop PCs. One example of an application not designed for a mobile environment is current, very popular, instant messaging systems such as ICQ, AIM and MSN messenger. We describe why current systems are not suitable in a mobile environment and present our architecture for a new system, MIM, and show various implementations for different mobile devices such as PDAs, wearable computers and mobile phones.
This paper presents the mStar environment, which creates an environment for truly scalable distri... more This paper presents the mStar environment, which creates an environment for truly scalable distributed teamwork using IP-multicast. It can be and is being used on a daily basis for electronic meetings and distributed education. It creates a new teamwork environment which allows users to collaborate even if they are not located at the same physical location. The mStar environment includes support for desktop conferencing including mAudio for audio, reuse of the MBone Vic tool for video, mWB for whiteboard, mChat for text based chat and mVote for voting. It also supports distributed synchronized presentations using the WWW and the mWeb application. These tools are all desktop based for easy access, scalable and robust using IP-multicast, and symmetric for easy peer communication. The mStar environment also includes mMOD, for recording and playback of teamwork sessions; mTunnel, for tunneling and transformation of multicast traffic; and Director for remote control of video equipment.
This thesis addresses the question of how a scalable, distributed teamwork environment should be ... more This thesis addresses the question of how a scalable, distributed teamwork environment should be designed and realized. Central design criteria includes that the system should be scalable and robust, allow for easy access and be symmetric. The system should allow for project team members to collaborate even though they are not located at the same physical location. The resulting system presented in this thesis, called the mStar environment have been created to address exactly these questions. mStar is scalable and robust through the usage of standard networks and IP-multicast, it allows for easy access as it is desktop based and finally it is symmetric allowing for easy peer-communication. mStar includes support for desktop conferencing, including mAudio for audio, reuse of the MBone Vic tool for video, mWB for whiteboard, mChat for text based chat and mVote for voting. It also supports distributed synchronized presentations using the WWW and the mWeb application. As all traffic is network and IP-multicast based it allows for easy recording and playback of teamwork sessions using the mMOD application. To allow for easy access to users behind non-multicast capable network segments (primarily modem and ISDN), mTunnel was created. It allows for tunneling and transformation of the traffic. Another member of the mStar environment is Director for remote control of video equipment. mStar also includes support for easy creation of new teamwork tools and applications using the Tunable Multicast Platform-/TMP and the Generic Agent Architecture. The mStar environment can be used and is being used on a daily basis for electronic meetings, distance education and lectures, and daily teamwork. The usage mStar creates group awareness between project members and helps users from not becoming isolated from their department and project team. mStar allows for usage 24 hours a day and have resulted in, among other things, a new usage patterns, which resembles electronic corridors more than specific meetings, where users can and do meet spontaneously to talk about anything they want, but also overhear other interesting and important conversations just as in a physical office corridor.
IP based groupware applications, such as net-based learning environments, rely on robust audio tr... more IP based groupware applications, such as net-based learning environments, rely on robust audio transport for efficient communication between users. This paper therefore gives an overview and an initial evaluation of how to achieve robust transport of real-time audio streams over Internet connections without service guarantees. Due to hardware jitter and network congestion these connections face loss, packet delay and delay variation. Audio streams are especially sensitive due their realtime characteristics, where the end result is degradation of the perceived quality. Packet loss can be repaired using receiveronly, sender-initiated or receiver-initiated techniques. Depending on the actual network condition, an optimal technique can be selected using adaptive behavior together with loss-recovery techniques in the applications. Studies have shown that loss rates up to 20% can be effectively repaired using fairly simple techniques. The paper gives initial results from subjectively evaluating audio quality and presents a research prototype called mAudio that has been used to experiment with different loss recovery techniques.
This paper describes how a classical instrument, the clarinet, can be extended with modern techno... more This paper describes how a classical instrument, the clarinet, can be extended with modern technology to create a new and easy to use augmented instrument. The paper describes the design process, technical details and how a musician can use the instrument. The clarinet bell is extended with sensor technology in order to improve the ways the clarinet is traditionally played and improve the performing artist's musical and performative expressions. New ways of performing music with a clarinet also opens up for novel ways of composing musical pieces. The design is iterated in two versions with improved hardware and form factor where everything is packaged into the clarinet bell. The clarinet uses electronics that wirelessly sends sensor data to a computer that processes a live audio feed via the software MAX 7 and plays it back via loudspeakers on the stage. The extended clarinet provides several ways of transforming audio and also adds several ways of making performances more visually interesting. It is shown that this way of using sensor technology in a traditional musical instrument adds new dimensions to the performance and allows creative persons to express themselves in new ways as well as giving the audience an improved experience.
In a world of ubiquitous media resources, such as cameras, displays, microphones, provided by a w... more In a world of ubiquitous media resources, such as cameras, displays, microphones, provided by a wide variety of multimedia systems, there is a need for automatic resource selection which seamlessly utilizes the best available communication tool from a user perspective. This paper therefore presents an algorithm which uses context-awareness to support automatic media resource selection. The algorithm takes advantage of an abstract classification of privacy, quality, and cost in order to compare media resources to user's preferences. As a proof of concept implementation, the algorithm has been incorporated into an e-meeting application called Marratech.
(Sweden) in which the next generation Internet technology, based on IP (Internet Protocols) multi... more (Sweden) in which the next generation Internet technology, based on IP (Internet Protocols) multicasting, has been used in practice over large geographic distances involving a wide variety of secondary and postsecondary students and teachers. Education Direct utilizes the mStar tool suite, which exploits IP multicasting to provide fully symmetric use of audio, video, group-synchronized World Wide Web browsers, whiteboards, chat, voting, recording, replay, annotation, and editing. All are integrated into the end user's desktop computer, making education both more available, independent of place and time, as well as of higher perceived quality. This paper reports on the methodology, context, technology, and experiences gained over a year of practical use. Sections of the paper cover: (1) background and context of the project; (2) usage patterns and participant profiles, including technicians, advances users, end users, and technologists; (3) technology, including IP-multicast, components of the mStar environment, and protocol standards; (4) network and preparations, focusing on the basic communications platform; (5) experiences and observations; (6) the mStar system as an educational innovation; and (7) related work. Contains 11 references. (Author/DLS)
This paper describes WebDesk, a distributed electronic conference environment in conjunction with... more This paper describes WebDesk, a distributed electronic conference environment in conjunction with the World Wide Web, WWW, where users share a common view of the distributed workspace and can interact with each other through audio, video, drawing and annotation of existing documents. WebDesk adds this functionality by using the new and evolving Javatechnology developed by SUN.
In this paper we describe a scheme in which each receiver of a multicast session receives a strea... more In this paper we describe a scheme in which each receiver of a multicast session receives a stream with a different, unique watermark, while still retaining the scalability of multicast. The watermarked streams can be used to trace those users who make unauthorized copies of a stream. The watermarking is enabled by encryption of two slightly different copies of the original stream with a large set of different keys.
The mStar environment for distributed education utilizes the WWW and IP-multicast to enable teach... more The mStar environment for distributed education utilizes the WWW and IP-multicast to enable teacher-student collaboration over large geographic distances. Several educational projects, spanning from secondary school courses to company internal training, have deployed the mStar environment. This paper reports on experiences gained over a year of practice at the Lule_ a University of Technology and the Centre for Distance-spanning Technology. The paper presents the methodology and technology used, while recognizing usage scenarios such as preparation of presentation material, distributed presentations, asynchronous playback of recorded and edited material, and virtual meetings for educational support.
has for the last few years deployed a net-based learning environment, mStar, to distribute course... more has for the last few years deployed a net-based learning environment, mStar, to distribute courses to students independent of time and geographic distance. The mStar enviroment gives remotely attending students equal possibilities as traditionally attending students to take an active part of a course, as well as enhancing the learning experience for all students. This is made possible through a novel combination of IP-multicast technology and the WWW. This paper reports on experiences gained over a few years of practice and depicts a vision of the next generation of the mStar environment.
This report summarize several of the issues regarding Uniform resource names (URNs) in the World ... more This report summarize several of the issues regarding Uniform resource names (URNs) in the World Wide Web (WWW) and their resolution to Uniform resource characteristics (URCs), so the information object can be retrieved. This report also describe a prototype implementation made by the author of an URN to URC translation service this can be used by World Wide Web clients. The major conclusion is that this area is very interesting but much work await to be done before a widely usable system is available.
This paper presents a framework for bringing the MBone and the WorldWide Web closer together by r... more This paper presents a framework for bringing the MBone and the WorldWide Web closer together by real-time distribution of HTML-pages and synchronization of WWW-browsers. This framework will allow for distributed presentations with WWW-material using the mWeb application. Distribution is done using two new protocols, Scalable Reliable Real-time Transport Protocol-SRRTP and Scalable Reliable File Distribution Protocol-SRFDP. Synchronization is achieved using the WebDesk Control Bus which allows for messaging in large groups of programs and hosts. This paper also presents how the mWeb application can be used for programmed presentations resulting in a television-like Web-TV.
In this paper we describe a Mobile Instant Messaging system, MIM, designed for mobile environment... more In this paper we describe a Mobile Instant Messaging system, MIM, designed for mobile environments. During design of mobile applications several new problems and possibilities have to be considered that do not exist with applications targeted at desktop PCs. One example of an application not designed for a mobile environment is current, very popular, instant messaging systems such as ICQ, AIM and MSN messenger. We describe why current systems are not suitable in a mobile environment and present our architecture for a new system, MIM, and show various implementations for different mobile devices such as PDAs, wearable computers and mobile phones.
This paper presents the mStar environment, which creates an environment for truly scalable distri... more This paper presents the mStar environment, which creates an environment for truly scalable distributed teamwork using IP-multicast. It can be and is being used on a daily basis for electronic meetings and distributed education. It creates a new teamwork environment which allows users to collaborate even if they are not located at the same physical location. The mStar environment includes support for desktop conferencing including mAudio for audio, reuse of the MBone Vic tool for video, mWB for whiteboard, mChat for text based chat and mVote for voting. It also supports distributed synchronized presentations using the WWW and the mWeb application. These tools are all desktop based for easy access, scalable and robust using IP-multicast, and symmetric for easy peer communication. The mStar environment also includes mMOD, for recording and playback of teamwork sessions; mTunnel, for tunneling and transformation of multicast traffic; and Director for remote control of video equipment.
This thesis addresses the question of how a scalable, distributed teamwork environment should be ... more This thesis addresses the question of how a scalable, distributed teamwork environment should be designed and realized. Central design criteria includes that the system should be scalable and robust, allow for easy access and be symmetric. The system should allow for project team members to collaborate even though they are not located at the same physical location. The resulting system presented in this thesis, called the mStar environment have been created to address exactly these questions. mStar is scalable and robust through the usage of standard networks and IP-multicast, it allows for easy access as it is desktop based and finally it is symmetric allowing for easy peer-communication. mStar includes support for desktop conferencing, including mAudio for audio, reuse of the MBone Vic tool for video, mWB for whiteboard, mChat for text based chat and mVote for voting. It also supports distributed synchronized presentations using the WWW and the mWeb application. As all traffic is network and IP-multicast based it allows for easy recording and playback of teamwork sessions using the mMOD application. To allow for easy access to users behind non-multicast capable network segments (primarily modem and ISDN), mTunnel was created. It allows for tunneling and transformation of the traffic. Another member of the mStar environment is Director for remote control of video equipment. mStar also includes support for easy creation of new teamwork tools and applications using the Tunable Multicast Platform-/TMP and the Generic Agent Architecture. The mStar environment can be used and is being used on a daily basis for electronic meetings, distance education and lectures, and daily teamwork. The usage mStar creates group awareness between project members and helps users from not becoming isolated from their department and project team. mStar allows for usage 24 hours a day and have resulted in, among other things, a new usage patterns, which resembles electronic corridors more than specific meetings, where users can and do meet spontaneously to talk about anything they want, but also overhear other interesting and important conversations just as in a physical office corridor.
IP based groupware applications, such as net-based learning environments, rely on robust audio tr... more IP based groupware applications, such as net-based learning environments, rely on robust audio transport for efficient communication between users. This paper therefore gives an overview and an initial evaluation of how to achieve robust transport of real-time audio streams over Internet connections without service guarantees. Due to hardware jitter and network congestion these connections face loss, packet delay and delay variation. Audio streams are especially sensitive due their realtime characteristics, where the end result is degradation of the perceived quality. Packet loss can be repaired using receiveronly, sender-initiated or receiver-initiated techniques. Depending on the actual network condition, an optimal technique can be selected using adaptive behavior together with loss-recovery techniques in the applications. Studies have shown that loss rates up to 20% can be effectively repaired using fairly simple techniques. The paper gives initial results from subjectively evaluating audio quality and presents a research prototype called mAudio that has been used to experiment with different loss recovery techniques.
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