Mahayana

Antiquae stupae Buddhisticae in Borobodur Indonesiae sitae.

Mahāyāna (Sanscritice, 'Magnum Vehiculum') est unus e binis maioribus Buddhismi ramis exstantibus (quorum alius est Theravada) et genus philosophiarum Buddhisticarum et usuum. Qui motus historicus alia colloquia addidit, et quamquam primum in India parvus esset, res magni momenti historici diu habuit.^[1] Vajrayana, traditio Buddhistica, aliquando in classes digeritur pars Buddhismi Mahayanistici, sed nonnulli eruditi eam omnino habent ramum aliam.^[2]

Antiqua Buddhae statua, e Gandhāra, saeculo primo vel secundo.

Statua Prajñāpāramitā personificati e Singhasari in Iava Orientali Indonesiae.

Trias Mahayana: Bodhisattva Maitreya, Buddha, et Bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara. Saeculo secundo vel tertio, ad Gandhāra.

Bodhisattva in dhyāna sedet. Afgania, saeculo secundo.

Avalokiteśvara, bodhisattva misericordiae. Speluncae Ajanta, Maharashtrae in India.

Secundum doctrinas traditionum Mahayanisticarum, vocabulum Mahayana etiam viam Bodhisattvarum humanitatem perfectam petentium pro bono omnium entium sentientium attingit.^[3]^[4] Ullus Bodhisattva qui hunc finem attinxerit samyaksaṃbuddha 'Buddha omnino illuminatus' appellatur. Homo quidem qui samyaksaṃbuddha Dharma instuituere discipulosque ad humanitatem ducere potest. Buddhisti Mahayanistici docent humanitatem attingi posse per unam hominis vitam, etiam adeo ab homine non clerico.^[5]

Traditio Mahayana est maximus e maioribus Buddhismi traditionibus quae hodie fiunt, cum 53.2 centesimis exercitatorum, contra 35.8 centesimas pro Theravada et 5.7 centesimas pro Vajrayana anno 2010.^[6]

Buddhismus Mahayana se per historiam ab India ad alias civitates Asiae Meridianae, Orientalis, et Meridiorientalis extendit, sicut Bangladesa, Nepalia, Bhutania, Sina, Taivania, Mongolia, Corea, Iaponia, Vietnamia, Indonesia, Malaesia, et Singapora. Se praeterea se ad alias civitates Asiae Meridiorientalis extendit, sicut Afgania, Thailandia, Cambodia, Laos, Insulae Maldivae, Pakistania, Taprobane, Birmania, Irania, aliaeque civitates Asiae Mediae antequam a Buddhismo Theravada vel aliis religionibus praeversus est.^[7]

Magnae Mahayanae sedes scholasticae posteriore Buddhismi aevo in India vigebant, inter saecula septimum et duodecimum.^[1] Maiores Buddhismi Mahayanistici traditiones hodie sunt Buddhismus Chan, Seon Coreanum, Zen Iaponicum, Buddhismus Terrae Purae, Buddhismus Nichiren, et Buddhismus Vietnamicus. Mahayana etiam comprehendere potest Vajrayana Buddhismi traditiones generum Tiantai, Tendai, Shingon, et Tibetani, quae omnes ad traditionem Mahayanam doctrinas inusitatas addunt.

Nexus interni

Notae

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Religions in the modern world : traditions and transformations. Woodhead, Linda,, Partridge, Christopher H. (Christopher Hugh), 1961-, Kawanami, Hiroko, (Third ed.). Abingdon, Oxon. ISBN 9780415858809
↑ Buddhism: Description of the Vajrayāna tradition. . Religious Tolerance (Ontario Consultants on Religious Tolerance). 25 April 2010
↑ Etiam "Bodhisattvayāna" vel Vehiculum Bodhisattvanum' appellatus (Keown 2003: 38).
↑ Warder 1999: 338.
↑ Mahayana Buddhism: What is Mahayana Buddhism?. . religionfacts.com (ReligionFacts)
↑ Johnson, Todd M.; Grim, Brian J. (2013). The World's Religions in Figures: An Introduction to International Religious Demography. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell. p. 36
↑ Foltz, Richard (2013). Religions of Iran:From Prehistory to the Present. p. 95

Bibliographia

Beal. 1871. Catena of Buddhist Scriptures from the Chinese. Londinii: Trübner.
Karashima, Seishi. 2013. Was the Așțasāhasrikā Prajñāparamitā Compiled in Gandhāra in Gandhārī? Annual Report of the International Research Institute for Advanced Buddhology 16. Soka University.
Keown, Damien. 2003. A Dictionary of Buddhism. Oxoniae: Oxford University Press.
Lowenstein, Tom. 1996. The Vision of the Buddha. Bostoniae: Little Brown. ISBN 1-903296-91-9.
Schopen, G. 1990. The inscription on the Kusan image of Amitabha and the character of the early Mahayana in India. Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies 10.
Suzuki, D. T. 1908. Outline of Mahayana Buddhism. Sicagi: Open Court.
Suzuki, D. T. 1914. The Development of Mahayana Buddhism. The Monist 24(4): 565–81.
Warder, A. K. 1999. Indian Buddhism. Ed. 3a.
Williams, Paul. 1989. Mahayana Buddhism. Routledge.
Werner, Karel, Jeffrey Samuels, Bhikkhu Bodhi, Peter Skilling, Bhikkhu Anālayo, et David McMahan. 2013. The Bodhisattva Ideal: Essays on the Emergence of Mahayana. Buddhist Publication Society. ISBN 978-955-24-0396-5.

Nexus externi

Vicimedia Communia plura habent quae ad Mahayanam spectant.

[:0-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Religions in the modern world : traditions and transformations. Woodhead, Linda,, Partridge, Christopher H. (Christopher Hugh), 1961-, Kawanami, Hiroko, (Third ed.). Abingdon, Oxon. ISBN 9780415858809

[2] Buddhism: Description of the Vajrayāna tradition. . Religious Tolerance (Ontario Consultants on Religious Tolerance). 25 April 2010

[3] Etiam "Bodhisattvayāna" vel Vehiculum Bodhisattvanum' appellatus (Keown 2003: 38).

[4] Warder 1999: 338.

[5] Mahayana Buddhism: What is Mahayana Buddhism?. . religionfacts.com (ReligionFacts)

[6] Johnson, Todd M.; Grim, Brian J. (2013). The World's Religions in Figures: An Introduction to International Religious Demography. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell. p. 36

[7] Foltz, Richard (2013). Religions of Iran:From Prehistory to the Present. p. 95

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