Biomedical Sciences and Engineering

In this study, the impact of graphene on neuronal differentiation of PC12 cells into neuron-like cells was evaluated in conjunction with electrical stimuli. First, an ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) microchip with a certain number of electrodes was fabricated using photolithography and then a chemically synthesized graphene was coated on the microchip. The electrical stimulation was applied through the ITO-microchip. Following optimization of neuronal differentiation conditions, the effect of AC and DC electrical stimulation on both bare and graphene-coated ITO-microchips for neuronal differentiation was investigated. According to the results, it was observed that electrical stimulation with direct current for 30 minutes caused a large degree of neuronal cell differentiation on the graphene coated ITO-microchips. The results were also verified by real-time qPCR.

Paper-based sensors have great potential for use in a variety of areas, from environmental monitoring to clinical and pointof-care testings. Here, a microfluidic paper-based analytical device (µPAD) was integrated with a smartphone app capable of offline (without internet access) image processing and analysis for rapid colorimetric detection of glucose. A self-inking stamp was used to form hydrophobic channels on a piece of paper-towel due to its superior water absorption efficiency. As demonstrated, the developed sensor was employed for colorimetric detection of glucose in artificial saliva in the linear scope of 0-1 mM with a calculated detection limit of 29.65 µM. In addition, experimental results show that quantitative analysis of glucose with the proposed smartphone platform could be completed in less than one minute. The app developed for the smartphone platform is capable of extracting the color changing area with an embedded image processing tool which could address the prob...

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An efficient in vitro mass propagation through protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) was established in Cattleya forbesii Lindl., a
commercially important orchid. Whole PLBs (W-PLB) and transverse thin cell layers of PLB (tTCL-PLB) explants were
cultured in RITA® bioreactors based on temporary immersion system. Explants were transferred in semi-solid or RITA®
bioreactor for protocorm production or shoot regeneration. The effect of different immersion frequencies, medium volumes
and inoculum densities were studied and optimized. RITA® bioreactor cultures were found to be superior compared with
semi-solid cultures regarding PLB production and shoot regeneration. tTCL-PLB explant types cultured in the RITA® bioreactor with immersion for 1 min/4 h, 250 mL of medium and 20 explants showed the highest number of PLBs per RITA®
(2237 PLBs) and per explant (111.9 PLBs). The highest number of PLBs per explant was 21 times higher than those from
semi-solid culture. The highest number of shoots per RITA® (3998 shoots) and per explant (199.9 shoots) were observed on
tTCL-PLB cultured in RITA® bioreactor (1 min/4 h; 150 mL of medium and 20 explants). The highest number of shoots per
explant was 95 times higher than those grown on semi-solid culture. Mass propagation of PLBs and shoots of C. forbesii
Lindl. using combined thin cell layer and RITA® temporary immersion has been adapted in commercial practice.

In this study, plant biotechnology and art are handled together, because art is the most powerful means of bridging differences. This study aims to bring plants of different ecological environments together in various designs by artistic approaches.

Sanat farkli dunyalari birlestirmede kullanilabilecek en kuvvetli arac olmasi sebebi ile bu calismada bitki biyoteknolojisi ile sanat ayni cercevede ele alinmistir. Degisik ekolojilere ait bitki turlerinin in vitro’da sanatsal yaklasimlarla farkli tasarimlarda bulusturulmasi hedeflenmistir

Human tear film, with a flow rate of 1–3 µL/min, is a rich bodily fluid that transmits a variety of metabolites and hormones containing proteins, lipids and electrolytes that provide clues about ocular and systemic diseases. Analysis of disease biomarkers such as proteins, mRNA, enzymes and cytokines in the tear film, collected by noninvasive methods, can provide significant results for sustaining a predictive, preventive and personalized medicine regarding various diseases such as glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, keratoconus, dry eye, cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease and COVID-19. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) offers a powerful technique for analyzing these biomarkers. EIS detects electrical equivalent circuit parameters related to biorecognition of receptor–analyte interactions on the electrode surface. This method is advantageous as it performs a label-free detection and allows the detection of non-electroactive compounds that cannot be detected by d...