In present days, it is a great need and urgency for an alternate source for energy conservation. ... more In present days, it is a great need and urgency for an alternate source for energy conservation. As the limitations of conventional energy are more such as availability, generation cost, and utilization, it is an urge to go for nonconventional energy. In non-conventional energy sources, solar plays a major role, particularly in countries like India as surplus solar energy is freely available. In this chapter, the authors present "an efficient and cost-effective solar power generation system for irrigation purpose." The case study includes design, development, and implementation of insulated gate bipolar junction transistor (IGBT)-based solar energy conversion to run a three-phase motor for irrigation applications. The highlight of the design is the use of a minimum number of solar panels for the design. Solar power is effectively utilized to run the motor with the help of specially designed drives. Sufficient protection and security are also provided. The proposed design uses a 1.8 kW solar panel for 3 HP power rating motor. Three different control stages are used in the design, namely pulse width modulator (PWM) stage, variable frequency drive (VFD) stage that is voltage to frequency converter and maximum power point tracking (MPPT). The control techniques are provided by using a high-speed processor. The authors designed and fabricated the solar power system and verified the performance. A three-phase induction motor was successfully run from 8.00 am to 5.00 pm with normal sunlight. Running status of the motor including ON/OFF status, water throughput, load current, frequency, and voltage are informed to the farmer with the help of GSM module. This chapter provides an efficient and economically viable solution for farmers.
The objective of this paper is to determine the ripening stages of fruits
like the unripe stage, ... more The objective of this paper is to determine the ripening stages of fruits like the unripe stage, ripeness stage, and overripe stage by using electronic nose and image processing. The electronic nose consists of an array of sensors such as MQ-3, MQ-6, MQ-8, MQ-135 was placed inside the fruit chamber to detect the various odors emitted from the fruits. Each sensor is capable of detecting various gases that were emitted from apple, lemon, and banana. Based upon the value detected by these sensors, ripening stages of these fruit samples were done. Parallel to this image processing techniquewas done to determine the ripening stages of these fruit samples by their color and shape. Finally, the results obtained by electronic nose and image processing techniques were compared along with manual verification by the human being to improve the accuracy of the ripening stages of apple, lemon, and banana.
The objective of this paper is to identify respiratory diseases such as Asthma, Covid-19, pulmona... more The objective of this paper is to identify respiratory diseases such as Asthma, Covid-19, pulmonary disease, and diabetes from the human breath odor using a non-invasive method. For detecting diseases using a non-invasive method, temperature sensor (to identify body temperature), pulse oximeter sensor (to identify blood oxygen level and heartbeat rate), and acetone sensor (to identify respiratory diseases from human breath odor) with Arduino ATMega328 microcontroller unit (MCU) were used. If the temperature is greater than 37.2 • C, the heartbeat rate is greater than 100 bpm, and the oxygen level is less than 92% SpO 2 , Covid-19 will be detected. If the oxygen level is less than 95% SpO 2 , the heartbeat rate is at (100-125) bpm, and the temperature is at 36.1-37 • C, asthma will be detected. If the heart rate is greater than 86 bpm, the temperature at 36.1-37 • C, the oxygen level at 92-97% SpO 2 , and the acetone level at (354-496) ppm, diabetes will be detected. If the oxygen level is less than 92% SpO 2 , the temperature at 36.1-37 • C, and the heartbeat rate is greater than 110 bpm, the pulmonary disease will be identified. After disease detection, suggestions will be provided to the patients based on their health reports. Finally, suggested medicines will be sent to the patient's registered mobile phones by connecting node MCU with blynk using IoT technology. The results will be stored and the patients can compare their health conditions for future analysis. The traditional method of laboratory tests is considered to consume more time. In our method, the duration of the detection process is less and the results help to identify health problems at early stages and predict diseases quickly compared to the traditional method. Keywords Electronic nose • Diabetes • Respiratory diseases • Non-invasive method • Internet of things
Bus is a mode of transportation for people around the world. Bus fare is calculated based on the ... more Bus is a mode of transportation for people around the world. Bus fare is calculated based on the distance travelled by the passenger. The fare collected from both sitting and standing passenger is the same, but they do not enjoy the same comfort. This paper proposes a flexi-pay system, that is, a variable fare calculation system considering the distance travelled by the passenger whether he/she is seated or standing during the journey. The system uses ultrasonic sensor to find seating or standing passenger. The radio frequency identity is used to scan whenever the passenger gets a seat or leaves it. Global positioning system is used to calculate the distance travelled. Then, fare is calculated based on the distance travelled by the passenger considering seating and standing time into account. A Web application is designed to manage the system with admin and user accounts. The proposed work justifies the difference in comfort of the passengers in the existing system. Keywords Bus fare • Global positioning system (GPS) • Public transport • Radio frequency identity (RFID) • Ultrasonic sensor
Various diagnostic methods are used in chickens, including counting oocytes in the stool or intes... more Various diagnostic methods are used in chickens, including counting oocytes in the stool or intestinal tract, detecting the virus and using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) procedures, which require multiple diagnoses. The diseases are transmitted through contaminated feed and excrement from infected poultry. As a result of late diagnoses or a lack of credible specialists, many domesticated birds are lost by farmers. The most common ailments affecting chickens can be easily identified in the pictures of chicken droppings using artificial intelligence and machine learning methods based on computer screening and image analysis. In this paper, a model for early detection and classification of poultry diseases with high accuracy using wildlife database is proposed. The dataset contains 6812 images of four different classes such as healthy chicken, Coccidiosis, Salmonella and Newcastle images is proposed. A deep learning method based on convolutional neural networks (CNN) is used to predict whether chicken faecal image belongs to any of the four categories. The pre-trained DenseNet model, the Inception model and the MobileNet model were used to predict whether chicken faecal belonged to four categories with minimum loss. In comparison with the above-mentioned models, DenseNet method produced the best results with an accuracy of 97% which is recommended for poultry diagnostic application.
Inland fish farming is one of the growing food industries in India. The potential of this sector ... more Inland fish farming is one of the growing food industries in India. The potential of this sector in creating an impact on the growth of the Indian economy is not yet realized. The Government of India is constantly focusing on various opportunities to build a self-reliant nation. Fish is one of the major foods consumed by the people of Southern India. Improper maintenance of aquafarms leads to health problems for the people who consume fish from these farms. In this paper, the types of fish farming, the challenges, threats, and recent remedial actions taken to overcome the challenges are discussed. A low-cost water quality monitoring system (WQMS) based on long-range wireless communication (LoRaWC) powered by a solar panel that floats on the water is proposed to improve the yield and quality of fish from the aquafarms. The sensor node is designed to measure pH level, turbidity, total dissolved solids (TDS), atmospheric temperature, humidity, and water level. The measured values are transmitted to the cloud through a LoRa gateway for taking necessary decisions to maintain the water quality in good condition. This method improves the growth and health of the fish in the aquafarm which in turn provides healthy food for mankind.
The proposed research study has designed parity preserving FFs using parity preserving gates like... more The proposed research study has designed parity preserving FFs using parity preserving gates like FREDKIN gate (FRG) and FEYNMAN gate (FYG) using Quantum Cellular Automata (QCA). In-cognitive property of reversible logic attracts most researchers where energy dissipation is a big concern. The complexity of parity reversible circuits is better than simple reversible circuits. The proposed models of the FF(FF) are way superior to the existing designs with regards to constant input, quantum cost, gate count, area, power dissipation, garbage output, and delay. The characteristics of the proposed FF are compared with the existing characteristics of the FF. It shows that the performance of QCA has increased by 24%, 28%, and 37.5% in terms of area and 55%, 62%, and 68% in terms of delay of our proposed D, T, and JK FFs respectively.
Body ache is one of the major problems faced by old people. Manual body massage is a common remed... more Body ache is one of the major problems faced by old people. Manual body massage is a common remedy for pain relief. To automate the process of comfort and physical relief, a gripper is needed. There are many types of grippers available, but they are very hard in nature and are not suitable for direct human contact. The proposed work presents a soft gripper to provide light pressure for relaxing the muscles and for relief from body pain. A three-dimensional (3D) mould is manufactured using a FabX 3D printer. Liquid Silicone Rubber (LSR 110) A and B resin mixture is made to set using the 3D mould to fabricate the soft gripper. The control of tentacles is done using Arduino UNO and pressure sensor details are monitored to find optimal pressure required to hold and lift the objects. The experimental result shows that the gripper control is easy and it is suitable for human interactive robots.
Breast cancer has become one of the most common types of tumors in recent years. The chances of t... more Breast cancer has become one of the most common types of tumors in recent years. The chances of the patient arriving in the case improve if the issue is detected early. The most common categorization for breast cancer is binary (benign cancer/malign cancer), which allows pathologists to discover a systematic and objective prognosis. The WBCD (Wisconsin Breast Cancer Diagnosis) dataset is used to build the classifier. Before performing the classification, the dataset is preprocessed and explored using various techniques. Four Machine Learning techniques like k-fold cross-validation, pipelining, principle component analysis, and hyperparameter optimization are compared and analyzed in the project. These techniques are applied to the development of eight classifiers that must distinguish between benign and malignant breast tumors. These techniques were applied on the Adaboost classifier, KNeighbor classifier, Decision tree classifier, random forest classifier, SVM classifier, Logistic regression classifier, Gaussian NB classifier, and Gradient boosting classifier. After applying all those algorithms, the SVM classifier has obtained the highest accuracy of 99.1% after applying all those algorithms on the dataset.
Giving birth to a child is one of the precious moments in life. Every second a life is brought in... more Giving birth to a child is one of the precious moments in life. Every second a life is brought into the world and not many children are lucky enough to be healthy. Monitoring the health conditions of a baby in the incubator is a critical medical issue. Many researchers are working in this area to improve the safety of newborn babies. As far as the study that we proceeded with, there exists a fundamental issue in ensuring whether the doctor has attended the emergency or not. In this paper, a system is proposed to monitor the baby inside the incubator using a global system for mobile technology (GSM). The proposed system detects the baby's temperature, heartbeat, weight, and baby's sound inside the incubator. If there are any changes in the above-said parameters beyond the threshold level, an intimation will be sent to the concerned doctor through the GSM. The system will keep sending the alert message to the doctor every minute until the doctor acknowledges the baby's condition. This system will enhance the safety of newborn babies by addressing the above-said issue, thereby reducing the risk involved in monitoring the babies inside the incubator. A prototype is developed and it was tested for functional verification.
International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE), 2020
Deaf-mute people can communicate with normal people with help of sign languages. Our project obje... more Deaf-mute people can communicate with normal people with help of sign languages. Our project objective is to analyse and translate the sign language that is hand gestures into text and voice. For this process, RealTimeImage made by deafmute peopleiscapturedanditisgivenasinput to the pre-processor. Then, feature extraction process by using otsu's algorithm and classification by using SVM(support Vector Machine) can be done. After the text for corresponding sign has been produced. The obtained text is converted into voice with use of MATLAB function. Thus hand gestures made by deaf-mute people has been analysed and translated into text and voice for better communication.
International Journal of Advanced Research Trends in Engineering and Technology, 2016
Nowadays the need for a safe and secure system is desired by each and every individual in the soc... more Nowadays the need for a safe and secure system is desired by each and every individual in the society. The most commonly used system, Closed Circuit TeleVision (CCTV) is being implemented everywhere such as in hospitals, warehouses, parking lots, buildings etc... However this very system though effective has its downside when it comes to cost. Thus the need for a cost effective system is required. The existing system for surveillance is a security camera with the night vision capabilities using raspberry pi and openCV. This is a cost effective method that uses a credit card sized chip RPI. The image is captured and each frame is processed. The image is stored and an email is sent if human is detected. The existing system has accuracy of about 83 %. In this project we propose to use an enhanced recent model-raspberry pi 2 which has operating speed 900MHz. Also we use a pi camera. So the image is captured via the pi camera and it is send to the raspberry pi 2 for processing for face and human detection with the help of openCV. Then, the face detected is compared with the database, if the human detected is known (visitor) or not (stranger) and based on the output, an audio output is produced and a message is sent to the user. Thus, one can provide a low cost security system.
A transformer is basically a static electromagnetic gadget comprising of at least two windings wh... more A transformer is basically a static electromagnetic gadget comprising of at least two windings which interface with a typical attractive field. The primary motivation behind power or dispersion transformer is to exchange electric power starting with one voltage level then onto the next. It deals with the essential of electromagnetic enlistment. The principle segments of the transformer are center, winding, protection (strong or fluid) and tank. The oil utilized as a part of transformer is mineral oil. Which is a protecting oil utilized for cooling purposes in the middle of the windings. Protecting materials or protects are to a great degree differing in root and properties. They are basically non-metallic, natural or inorganic; uniform or heterogeneous in piece; regular or manufactured. A large number of them are of regular starting point as, paper, fabric, paraffin wax and normal tars. Wide utilize is made of numerous inorganic protecting materials, for example, glass, pottery and mica.Properties of insulating materials are resistivity, breakdown voltage, permittivity and dielectric misfortune, and so forth.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology, 2012
The objective of this paper is to provide novel hybrid architecture (algorithm) for wavelet Based... more The objective of this paper is to provide novel hybrid architecture (algorithm) for wavelet Based image fusion combining the principles of frequency and region based rules to utilize the capabilities of image fusion at end user level. Frequency based rules operate on individual pixels in the image, but does not take into account some important details like edges, boundaries and salient features larger than a single pixel. Region based fusion may reduce the contrast in some images and does not always succeed in effectively removing ringing artifacts and noise in source images. The inadequacies of these two types of fusion rules point to the importance of developing a hybrid algorithm based architecture combining the advantages of both. A standalone executable has been developed for the targeted image fusion application using Matlab Compiler Runtime library.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology, 2012
The objective of this project is to design and develop an Automatic Solar Tracker Robot (ASTR) wh... more The objective of this project is to design and develop an Automatic Solar Tracker Robot (ASTR) which is capable to track maximum light intensity. The solar tracker system that follows the sun direction for producing maximum voltage out is mounted on the robot and the DC motors utilizes this energy for robot movement. The robot base can be controlled through computer using wireless Zigbee technology. The efficiency of the solar energy conversion can be optimized by receiving maximum light on the solar panel. The main components of the robot consist of two PIC16F877A microcontroller, LDR sensors, DC motors and digital compass. This robot is programmed to detect sunlight by using Light Dependent Resistors (LDR). DC motor aligns the solar panel to receive maximum light. Digital compass is used to detect the position of the robot. Two modified DC motors will move the robot base in all directions and another two DC motor is used for tracker-base and tracker. It keeps the tracker-base always in north-south direction and tracker in east west direction. If trackerbase is not in Northeast direction buzzer will be activated to produce sound. The digital compass fitted on the robot senses the direction and this information is passed onto the PIC microcontroller. LCD used to display the measured voltage generated from solar panel. The robot is programmed using Embedded C language.
International Journal of Advanced Research in Electronics and Communication Engineering (IJARECE), 2018
At present, people used to drive vehicle very fast and thus there is a chance for the occurrence ... more At present, people used to drive vehicle very fast and thus there is a chance for the occurrence of accidents. It leads to miss their valuable life by making small mistake while driving in critical zones such as schools, colleges, hospitals etc.. Road safety is a great question mark for public, especially in critical zones. Even though speed breakers and warning alerts are provided, many people do not have passion to follow the traffic rules. Most of the road accidents are happened due to the carelessness of the drivers which leads to loss of many life's of people.3931deaths due to accidents were registered in Tamil Nadu in the year 2014.The traffic police are not able to control them completely and also it is not practical to monitor all critical areas throughout. At present different types of vehicle speed limiters are in use for regulating the speed especially in the roads near critical areas. However ,the current statistics show that there is very high rate of accidents registered in these critical areas. Many systems are presently exists to manage this problem. The existing systems are based on speed cameras, RF transmitter and receiver, warning system, speed limitation devices etc. However, these techniques are not effective and accidents are occurring very often. By using Speed cameras, high speed vehicles are only monitored but, it cannot slow down the speed of the vehicle and thus it will not reduce the number of accidents. RF transmitter and receiver has a potential disadvantage, of interference between the signals when more than one signal arises. Initial costs for RF devices are high as many RF devices are to be installed for every critical zones and areas.
International Journal Of Scientific & Technology Research , 2020
Data monitoring is a key process followed by almost all the manufacturing industries. The status ... more Data monitoring is a key process followed by almost all the manufacturing industries. The status of a machine running in an industry can produce an enormous amount of data that could be analyzed well if recorded in a proper manner at regular intervals. In general, a small scale industry has to employ a person to record the machine status data in a notebook, which has to be analyzed and the performance of the m achine and the efficiency of the machine will be calculated manually. Since the data are to be recorded at regular intervals it might be a tiring job for the humans to do. That is why industries look forward to automate the collection of data from the devices which led to the success of IoT devices. This article proposes an idea of a device that can collect information from any device controlled by PLC and store it in the cloud using GPRS or Wi-Fi.
International Journal of Advanced Research Trends in Engineering and Technology, 2017
The aim of this paper is to monitor and control the pollutants in the vehicles.The air pollution ... more The aim of this paper is to monitor and control the pollutants in the vehicles.The air pollution monitoring system contains smoke sensors to monitor the interested pollution parameter in environment. We simulated the three air pollutants gases including carbon monoxide,carbon dioxide&sulphur dioxide in smoke from the bike. These gases decide the degree of pollution level. When a vehicle reaches beyond certain threshold pollution level then the speed of the system gets automatically slowdown. Then the system gets
International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE), 2019
In this paper, each farmer is provided with a separate
RFID tag, which has a unique code. When th... more In this paper, each farmer is provided with a separate RFID tag, which has a unique code. When the RFID tag is punched against RFID card reader LCDs the code. Milk is deposited in the tank where its quality and quantity is determined. The quality of milk is examined using a pH sensor and its quantity is determined using an ultrasonic sensor. The milk is segregated into third categories depending on its quality as first quality, second quality, and rejection. Here three solenoid valves are used for segregation purposes. The milk is deposited in separate tanks according to its quality. The details such as cost, quality, and quantity of milk are fed to PC. The customer deposits the currency note. The web camera is used to capture the image of the currency note and it is compared with the database stored in PC. Here a switch is used for quality selection based on customer preference. Milk is vended based on the rupee note deposited and on the quality selected by the customer. The entire system is maintained with a refrigeration temperature of 4°C.
In present days, it is a great need and urgency for an alternate source for energy conservation. ... more In present days, it is a great need and urgency for an alternate source for energy conservation. As the limitations of conventional energy are more such as availability, generation cost, and utilization, it is an urge to go for nonconventional energy. In non-conventional energy sources, solar plays a major role, particularly in countries like India as surplus solar energy is freely available. In this chapter, the authors present "an efficient and cost-effective solar power generation system for irrigation purpose." The case study includes design, development, and implementation of insulated gate bipolar junction transistor (IGBT)-based solar energy conversion to run a three-phase motor for irrigation applications. The highlight of the design is the use of a minimum number of solar panels for the design. Solar power is effectively utilized to run the motor with the help of specially designed drives. Sufficient protection and security are also provided. The proposed design uses a 1.8 kW solar panel for 3 HP power rating motor. Three different control stages are used in the design, namely pulse width modulator (PWM) stage, variable frequency drive (VFD) stage that is voltage to frequency converter and maximum power point tracking (MPPT). The control techniques are provided by using a high-speed processor. The authors designed and fabricated the solar power system and verified the performance. A three-phase induction motor was successfully run from 8.00 am to 5.00 pm with normal sunlight. Running status of the motor including ON/OFF status, water throughput, load current, frequency, and voltage are informed to the farmer with the help of GSM module. This chapter provides an efficient and economically viable solution for farmers.
The objective of this paper is to determine the ripening stages of fruits
like the unripe stage, ... more The objective of this paper is to determine the ripening stages of fruits like the unripe stage, ripeness stage, and overripe stage by using electronic nose and image processing. The electronic nose consists of an array of sensors such as MQ-3, MQ-6, MQ-8, MQ-135 was placed inside the fruit chamber to detect the various odors emitted from the fruits. Each sensor is capable of detecting various gases that were emitted from apple, lemon, and banana. Based upon the value detected by these sensors, ripening stages of these fruit samples were done. Parallel to this image processing techniquewas done to determine the ripening stages of these fruit samples by their color and shape. Finally, the results obtained by electronic nose and image processing techniques were compared along with manual verification by the human being to improve the accuracy of the ripening stages of apple, lemon, and banana.
The objective of this paper is to identify respiratory diseases such as Asthma, Covid-19, pulmona... more The objective of this paper is to identify respiratory diseases such as Asthma, Covid-19, pulmonary disease, and diabetes from the human breath odor using a non-invasive method. For detecting diseases using a non-invasive method, temperature sensor (to identify body temperature), pulse oximeter sensor (to identify blood oxygen level and heartbeat rate), and acetone sensor (to identify respiratory diseases from human breath odor) with Arduino ATMega328 microcontroller unit (MCU) were used. If the temperature is greater than 37.2 • C, the heartbeat rate is greater than 100 bpm, and the oxygen level is less than 92% SpO 2 , Covid-19 will be detected. If the oxygen level is less than 95% SpO 2 , the heartbeat rate is at (100-125) bpm, and the temperature is at 36.1-37 • C, asthma will be detected. If the heart rate is greater than 86 bpm, the temperature at 36.1-37 • C, the oxygen level at 92-97% SpO 2 , and the acetone level at (354-496) ppm, diabetes will be detected. If the oxygen level is less than 92% SpO 2 , the temperature at 36.1-37 • C, and the heartbeat rate is greater than 110 bpm, the pulmonary disease will be identified. After disease detection, suggestions will be provided to the patients based on their health reports. Finally, suggested medicines will be sent to the patient's registered mobile phones by connecting node MCU with blynk using IoT technology. The results will be stored and the patients can compare their health conditions for future analysis. The traditional method of laboratory tests is considered to consume more time. In our method, the duration of the detection process is less and the results help to identify health problems at early stages and predict diseases quickly compared to the traditional method. Keywords Electronic nose • Diabetes • Respiratory diseases • Non-invasive method • Internet of things
Bus is a mode of transportation for people around the world. Bus fare is calculated based on the ... more Bus is a mode of transportation for people around the world. Bus fare is calculated based on the distance travelled by the passenger. The fare collected from both sitting and standing passenger is the same, but they do not enjoy the same comfort. This paper proposes a flexi-pay system, that is, a variable fare calculation system considering the distance travelled by the passenger whether he/she is seated or standing during the journey. The system uses ultrasonic sensor to find seating or standing passenger. The radio frequency identity is used to scan whenever the passenger gets a seat or leaves it. Global positioning system is used to calculate the distance travelled. Then, fare is calculated based on the distance travelled by the passenger considering seating and standing time into account. A Web application is designed to manage the system with admin and user accounts. The proposed work justifies the difference in comfort of the passengers in the existing system. Keywords Bus fare • Global positioning system (GPS) • Public transport • Radio frequency identity (RFID) • Ultrasonic sensor
Various diagnostic methods are used in chickens, including counting oocytes in the stool or intes... more Various diagnostic methods are used in chickens, including counting oocytes in the stool or intestinal tract, detecting the virus and using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) procedures, which require multiple diagnoses. The diseases are transmitted through contaminated feed and excrement from infected poultry. As a result of late diagnoses or a lack of credible specialists, many domesticated birds are lost by farmers. The most common ailments affecting chickens can be easily identified in the pictures of chicken droppings using artificial intelligence and machine learning methods based on computer screening and image analysis. In this paper, a model for early detection and classification of poultry diseases with high accuracy using wildlife database is proposed. The dataset contains 6812 images of four different classes such as healthy chicken, Coccidiosis, Salmonella and Newcastle images is proposed. A deep learning method based on convolutional neural networks (CNN) is used to predict whether chicken faecal image belongs to any of the four categories. The pre-trained DenseNet model, the Inception model and the MobileNet model were used to predict whether chicken faecal belonged to four categories with minimum loss. In comparison with the above-mentioned models, DenseNet method produced the best results with an accuracy of 97% which is recommended for poultry diagnostic application.
Inland fish farming is one of the growing food industries in India. The potential of this sector ... more Inland fish farming is one of the growing food industries in India. The potential of this sector in creating an impact on the growth of the Indian economy is not yet realized. The Government of India is constantly focusing on various opportunities to build a self-reliant nation. Fish is one of the major foods consumed by the people of Southern India. Improper maintenance of aquafarms leads to health problems for the people who consume fish from these farms. In this paper, the types of fish farming, the challenges, threats, and recent remedial actions taken to overcome the challenges are discussed. A low-cost water quality monitoring system (WQMS) based on long-range wireless communication (LoRaWC) powered by a solar panel that floats on the water is proposed to improve the yield and quality of fish from the aquafarms. The sensor node is designed to measure pH level, turbidity, total dissolved solids (TDS), atmospheric temperature, humidity, and water level. The measured values are transmitted to the cloud through a LoRa gateway for taking necessary decisions to maintain the water quality in good condition. This method improves the growth and health of the fish in the aquafarm which in turn provides healthy food for mankind.
The proposed research study has designed parity preserving FFs using parity preserving gates like... more The proposed research study has designed parity preserving FFs using parity preserving gates like FREDKIN gate (FRG) and FEYNMAN gate (FYG) using Quantum Cellular Automata (QCA). In-cognitive property of reversible logic attracts most researchers where energy dissipation is a big concern. The complexity of parity reversible circuits is better than simple reversible circuits. The proposed models of the FF(FF) are way superior to the existing designs with regards to constant input, quantum cost, gate count, area, power dissipation, garbage output, and delay. The characteristics of the proposed FF are compared with the existing characteristics of the FF. It shows that the performance of QCA has increased by 24%, 28%, and 37.5% in terms of area and 55%, 62%, and 68% in terms of delay of our proposed D, T, and JK FFs respectively.
Body ache is one of the major problems faced by old people. Manual body massage is a common remed... more Body ache is one of the major problems faced by old people. Manual body massage is a common remedy for pain relief. To automate the process of comfort and physical relief, a gripper is needed. There are many types of grippers available, but they are very hard in nature and are not suitable for direct human contact. The proposed work presents a soft gripper to provide light pressure for relaxing the muscles and for relief from body pain. A three-dimensional (3D) mould is manufactured using a FabX 3D printer. Liquid Silicone Rubber (LSR 110) A and B resin mixture is made to set using the 3D mould to fabricate the soft gripper. The control of tentacles is done using Arduino UNO and pressure sensor details are monitored to find optimal pressure required to hold and lift the objects. The experimental result shows that the gripper control is easy and it is suitable for human interactive robots.
Breast cancer has become one of the most common types of tumors in recent years. The chances of t... more Breast cancer has become one of the most common types of tumors in recent years. The chances of the patient arriving in the case improve if the issue is detected early. The most common categorization for breast cancer is binary (benign cancer/malign cancer), which allows pathologists to discover a systematic and objective prognosis. The WBCD (Wisconsin Breast Cancer Diagnosis) dataset is used to build the classifier. Before performing the classification, the dataset is preprocessed and explored using various techniques. Four Machine Learning techniques like k-fold cross-validation, pipelining, principle component analysis, and hyperparameter optimization are compared and analyzed in the project. These techniques are applied to the development of eight classifiers that must distinguish between benign and malignant breast tumors. These techniques were applied on the Adaboost classifier, KNeighbor classifier, Decision tree classifier, random forest classifier, SVM classifier, Logistic regression classifier, Gaussian NB classifier, and Gradient boosting classifier. After applying all those algorithms, the SVM classifier has obtained the highest accuracy of 99.1% after applying all those algorithms on the dataset.
Giving birth to a child is one of the precious moments in life. Every second a life is brought in... more Giving birth to a child is one of the precious moments in life. Every second a life is brought into the world and not many children are lucky enough to be healthy. Monitoring the health conditions of a baby in the incubator is a critical medical issue. Many researchers are working in this area to improve the safety of newborn babies. As far as the study that we proceeded with, there exists a fundamental issue in ensuring whether the doctor has attended the emergency or not. In this paper, a system is proposed to monitor the baby inside the incubator using a global system for mobile technology (GSM). The proposed system detects the baby's temperature, heartbeat, weight, and baby's sound inside the incubator. If there are any changes in the above-said parameters beyond the threshold level, an intimation will be sent to the concerned doctor through the GSM. The system will keep sending the alert message to the doctor every minute until the doctor acknowledges the baby's condition. This system will enhance the safety of newborn babies by addressing the above-said issue, thereby reducing the risk involved in monitoring the babies inside the incubator. A prototype is developed and it was tested for functional verification.
International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE), 2020
Deaf-mute people can communicate with normal people with help of sign languages. Our project obje... more Deaf-mute people can communicate with normal people with help of sign languages. Our project objective is to analyse and translate the sign language that is hand gestures into text and voice. For this process, RealTimeImage made by deafmute peopleiscapturedanditisgivenasinput to the pre-processor. Then, feature extraction process by using otsu's algorithm and classification by using SVM(support Vector Machine) can be done. After the text for corresponding sign has been produced. The obtained text is converted into voice with use of MATLAB function. Thus hand gestures made by deaf-mute people has been analysed and translated into text and voice for better communication.
International Journal of Advanced Research Trends in Engineering and Technology, 2016
Nowadays the need for a safe and secure system is desired by each and every individual in the soc... more Nowadays the need for a safe and secure system is desired by each and every individual in the society. The most commonly used system, Closed Circuit TeleVision (CCTV) is being implemented everywhere such as in hospitals, warehouses, parking lots, buildings etc... However this very system though effective has its downside when it comes to cost. Thus the need for a cost effective system is required. The existing system for surveillance is a security camera with the night vision capabilities using raspberry pi and openCV. This is a cost effective method that uses a credit card sized chip RPI. The image is captured and each frame is processed. The image is stored and an email is sent if human is detected. The existing system has accuracy of about 83 %. In this project we propose to use an enhanced recent model-raspberry pi 2 which has operating speed 900MHz. Also we use a pi camera. So the image is captured via the pi camera and it is send to the raspberry pi 2 for processing for face and human detection with the help of openCV. Then, the face detected is compared with the database, if the human detected is known (visitor) or not (stranger) and based on the output, an audio output is produced and a message is sent to the user. Thus, one can provide a low cost security system.
A transformer is basically a static electromagnetic gadget comprising of at least two windings wh... more A transformer is basically a static electromagnetic gadget comprising of at least two windings which interface with a typical attractive field. The primary motivation behind power or dispersion transformer is to exchange electric power starting with one voltage level then onto the next. It deals with the essential of electromagnetic enlistment. The principle segments of the transformer are center, winding, protection (strong or fluid) and tank. The oil utilized as a part of transformer is mineral oil. Which is a protecting oil utilized for cooling purposes in the middle of the windings. Protecting materials or protects are to a great degree differing in root and properties. They are basically non-metallic, natural or inorganic; uniform or heterogeneous in piece; regular or manufactured. A large number of them are of regular starting point as, paper, fabric, paraffin wax and normal tars. Wide utilize is made of numerous inorganic protecting materials, for example, glass, pottery and mica.Properties of insulating materials are resistivity, breakdown voltage, permittivity and dielectric misfortune, and so forth.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology, 2012
The objective of this paper is to provide novel hybrid architecture (algorithm) for wavelet Based... more The objective of this paper is to provide novel hybrid architecture (algorithm) for wavelet Based image fusion combining the principles of frequency and region based rules to utilize the capabilities of image fusion at end user level. Frequency based rules operate on individual pixels in the image, but does not take into account some important details like edges, boundaries and salient features larger than a single pixel. Region based fusion may reduce the contrast in some images and does not always succeed in effectively removing ringing artifacts and noise in source images. The inadequacies of these two types of fusion rules point to the importance of developing a hybrid algorithm based architecture combining the advantages of both. A standalone executable has been developed for the targeted image fusion application using Matlab Compiler Runtime library.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology, 2012
The objective of this project is to design and develop an Automatic Solar Tracker Robot (ASTR) wh... more The objective of this project is to design and develop an Automatic Solar Tracker Robot (ASTR) which is capable to track maximum light intensity. The solar tracker system that follows the sun direction for producing maximum voltage out is mounted on the robot and the DC motors utilizes this energy for robot movement. The robot base can be controlled through computer using wireless Zigbee technology. The efficiency of the solar energy conversion can be optimized by receiving maximum light on the solar panel. The main components of the robot consist of two PIC16F877A microcontroller, LDR sensors, DC motors and digital compass. This robot is programmed to detect sunlight by using Light Dependent Resistors (LDR). DC motor aligns the solar panel to receive maximum light. Digital compass is used to detect the position of the robot. Two modified DC motors will move the robot base in all directions and another two DC motor is used for tracker-base and tracker. It keeps the tracker-base always in north-south direction and tracker in east west direction. If trackerbase is not in Northeast direction buzzer will be activated to produce sound. The digital compass fitted on the robot senses the direction and this information is passed onto the PIC microcontroller. LCD used to display the measured voltage generated from solar panel. The robot is programmed using Embedded C language.
International Journal of Advanced Research in Electronics and Communication Engineering (IJARECE), 2018
At present, people used to drive vehicle very fast and thus there is a chance for the occurrence ... more At present, people used to drive vehicle very fast and thus there is a chance for the occurrence of accidents. It leads to miss their valuable life by making small mistake while driving in critical zones such as schools, colleges, hospitals etc.. Road safety is a great question mark for public, especially in critical zones. Even though speed breakers and warning alerts are provided, many people do not have passion to follow the traffic rules. Most of the road accidents are happened due to the carelessness of the drivers which leads to loss of many life's of people.3931deaths due to accidents were registered in Tamil Nadu in the year 2014.The traffic police are not able to control them completely and also it is not practical to monitor all critical areas throughout. At present different types of vehicle speed limiters are in use for regulating the speed especially in the roads near critical areas. However ,the current statistics show that there is very high rate of accidents registered in these critical areas. Many systems are presently exists to manage this problem. The existing systems are based on speed cameras, RF transmitter and receiver, warning system, speed limitation devices etc. However, these techniques are not effective and accidents are occurring very often. By using Speed cameras, high speed vehicles are only monitored but, it cannot slow down the speed of the vehicle and thus it will not reduce the number of accidents. RF transmitter and receiver has a potential disadvantage, of interference between the signals when more than one signal arises. Initial costs for RF devices are high as many RF devices are to be installed for every critical zones and areas.
International Journal Of Scientific & Technology Research , 2020
Data monitoring is a key process followed by almost all the manufacturing industries. The status ... more Data monitoring is a key process followed by almost all the manufacturing industries. The status of a machine running in an industry can produce an enormous amount of data that could be analyzed well if recorded in a proper manner at regular intervals. In general, a small scale industry has to employ a person to record the machine status data in a notebook, which has to be analyzed and the performance of the m achine and the efficiency of the machine will be calculated manually. Since the data are to be recorded at regular intervals it might be a tiring job for the humans to do. That is why industries look forward to automate the collection of data from the devices which led to the success of IoT devices. This article proposes an idea of a device that can collect information from any device controlled by PLC and store it in the cloud using GPRS or Wi-Fi.
International Journal of Advanced Research Trends in Engineering and Technology, 2017
The aim of this paper is to monitor and control the pollutants in the vehicles.The air pollution ... more The aim of this paper is to monitor and control the pollutants in the vehicles.The air pollution monitoring system contains smoke sensors to monitor the interested pollution parameter in environment. We simulated the three air pollutants gases including carbon monoxide,carbon dioxide&sulphur dioxide in smoke from the bike. These gases decide the degree of pollution level. When a vehicle reaches beyond certain threshold pollution level then the speed of the system gets automatically slowdown. Then the system gets
International Journal of Recent Technology and Engineering (IJRTE), 2019
In this paper, each farmer is provided with a separate
RFID tag, which has a unique code. When th... more In this paper, each farmer is provided with a separate RFID tag, which has a unique code. When the RFID tag is punched against RFID card reader LCDs the code. Milk is deposited in the tank where its quality and quantity is determined. The quality of milk is examined using a pH sensor and its quantity is determined using an ultrasonic sensor. The milk is segregated into third categories depending on its quality as first quality, second quality, and rejection. Here three solenoid valves are used for segregation purposes. The milk is deposited in separate tanks according to its quality. The details such as cost, quality, and quantity of milk are fed to PC. The customer deposits the currency note. The web camera is used to capture the image of the currency note and it is compared with the database stored in PC. Here a switch is used for quality selection based on customer preference. Milk is vended based on the rupee note deposited and on the quality selected by the customer. The entire system is maintained with a refrigeration temperature of 4°C.
International Journal of Advanced Research Trends in Engineering and Technology , 2017
Nowadays online exam has been used by most institutions, organizations, schools and colleges for ... more Nowadays online exam has been used by most institutions, organizations, schools and colleges for conducting exams. The most commonly used online examination system is conducted by giving user id and password for candidates and then logging into the current web page and answering the questions. It has lot of bugs and anyone can misuse the password and anyone can malpractice in the exam. Thus a need of secure system is required. In this project we use an enhanced model raspberry pi 3. Also we use webcam for capturing the image which captures the image when it detects any motion by using the Passive Infrared Sensor (PIR)and the captured image is sent to the raspberry pi for face detection with the help of openCV. Then, the face detected is compared with the database, to check whether face detected is applied candidate or not , if it matches then webpage on which the questions are available is opened and the candidate can continue with the exam. Thus, it provides a secured online examination system.
Noise is the most common problem in imaging systems that affects the quality of the image. Noise ... more Noise is the most common problem in imaging systems that affects the quality of the image. Noise is unwanted data that has the capability to reduce the contrast and deteriorate the object's size and shape in the image. It also blurs the edges or dilutes the fine details in the image. Reducing the noise in images has become very essential in image processing. This paper presents the comparison of Frost and Kaun filter for noise reduction in images. Speckle is a characteristic attribute of SAR(Synthetic aperture radar) and Ultrasonic images. Speckle noise is modelled as spatially correlated multiplicative noise. The speckle noise filters are designed for enhancement of visualization of speckle images. SAR and Ultrasound are the main applications areas for speckle noise filters.
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Books by Suthagar S
like the unripe stage, ripeness stage, and overripe stage by using electronic nose and
image processing. The electronic nose consists of an array of sensors such as MQ-3,
MQ-6, MQ-8, MQ-135 was placed inside the fruit chamber to detect the various
odors emitted from the fruits. Each sensor is capable of detecting various gases that
were emitted from apple, lemon, and banana. Based upon the value detected by
these sensors, ripening stages of these fruit samples were done. Parallel to this image
processing techniquewas done to determine the ripening stages of these fruit samples
by their color and shape. Finally, the results obtained by electronic nose and image
processing techniques were compared along with manual verification by the human
being to improve the accuracy of the ripening stages of apple, lemon, and banana.
Papers by Suthagar S
RFID tag, which has a unique code. When the RFID tag is
punched against RFID card reader LCDs the code. Milk is
deposited in the tank where its quality and quantity is determined.
The quality of milk is examined using a pH sensor and its
quantity is determined using an ultrasonic sensor. The milk is
segregated into third categories depending on its quality as first
quality, second quality, and rejection. Here three solenoid valves
are used for segregation purposes. The milk is deposited in
separate tanks according to its quality. The details such as cost,
quality, and quantity of milk are fed to PC. The customer deposits
the currency note. The web camera is used to capture the image
of the currency note and it is compared with the database stored
in PC. Here a switch is used for quality selection based on
customer preference. Milk is vended based on the rupee note
deposited and on the quality selected by the customer. The entire
system is maintained with a refrigeration temperature of 4°C.
like the unripe stage, ripeness stage, and overripe stage by using electronic nose and
image processing. The electronic nose consists of an array of sensors such as MQ-3,
MQ-6, MQ-8, MQ-135 was placed inside the fruit chamber to detect the various
odors emitted from the fruits. Each sensor is capable of detecting various gases that
were emitted from apple, lemon, and banana. Based upon the value detected by
these sensors, ripening stages of these fruit samples were done. Parallel to this image
processing techniquewas done to determine the ripening stages of these fruit samples
by their color and shape. Finally, the results obtained by electronic nose and image
processing techniques were compared along with manual verification by the human
being to improve the accuracy of the ripening stages of apple, lemon, and banana.
RFID tag, which has a unique code. When the RFID tag is
punched against RFID card reader LCDs the code. Milk is
deposited in the tank where its quality and quantity is determined.
The quality of milk is examined using a pH sensor and its
quantity is determined using an ultrasonic sensor. The milk is
segregated into third categories depending on its quality as first
quality, second quality, and rejection. Here three solenoid valves
are used for segregation purposes. The milk is deposited in
separate tanks according to its quality. The details such as cost,
quality, and quantity of milk are fed to PC. The customer deposits
the currency note. The web camera is used to capture the image
of the currency note and it is compared with the database stored
in PC. Here a switch is used for quality selection based on
customer preference. Milk is vended based on the rupee note
deposited and on the quality selected by the customer. The entire
system is maintained with a refrigeration temperature of 4°C.