가이진

가이진(外人 (がいじん)→외인)은 외국인이나 비일본인에게 사용되는 일본어 단어다. 이 단어는 바깥 외(外, 가이)와 사람 인(人, 진)으로 구성된다.

이 단어가 부정적 혹은 경멸적인 의미를 갖는다고 하는 사람도 있으며,^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6] 중립적이거나 긍정적이라고 주장 하는 사람도 있다.^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10] 가이코쿠진(外国人 (がいこくじん, [ɡaikokɯꜜ(d)ʑiɴ]);→외국인)은 일본 정부나 언론에서 널리 사용되고 있는 보다 중립적이고 약간 공식적인 말이다.

각주

↑ Wetherall, William (1983). 〈Foreigners in Japan〉. 《Kodansha Encyclopedia of Japan》 2. Tokyo: Kodansha. 313–4쪽.
↑ Buckley, Sandra (2002). 〈Gaijin〉. 《Encyclopedia of Contemporary Japanese Culture》. Taylor and Francis. 161–2쪽. ISBN 0-415-14344-6.
↑ Itoh, Mayumi (Summer 1996). “Japan's abiding sakoku mentality - seclusion from other countries - Economic Myths Explained”. 《Orbis》 (Foreign Policy Research Institute / JAI Press Inc.) 40 (3).
↑ De Mente, Boye Lafayette (1994). 《Japanese Etiquette & Ethics In Business》. McGraw-Hill Professional. 159쪽. ISBN 0-8442-8530-7.
↑ Hsu, Robert (1993). 《The MIT Encyclopedia of the Japanese Economy》. MIT Press. 195쪽. ISBN 0-8442-8530-7.
↑ Wetherall, William; de Vos, George A (1976). 〈Ethnic Minorities in Japan〉. Veenhoven, Willem Adriaan; Crum Ewing, Winifred. 《Case Studies on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms: A World Survey》. Stichting Plurale. 384쪽. ISBN 90-247-1779-5.
↑ Kitahara, Michio (1989). 《Children of the Sun: the Japanese and the Outside World》. Sandgate, Folkestone, England: Paul Norbury Publications. 117, 516쪽. For example, gaijin literally means a 'person from outside', namely a foreigner, and that means 'Caucasian'. To describe a Japanese person in this manner is a compliment to him or her. To be 'similar to a foreigner' (gaijin-no youna) means to be similar to a westerner, and this too, is a compliment.
↑ Lie, John (2000). 〈The Discourse of Japaneseness〉. Douglass, Mike; Roberts, Glenda Susan. 《Japan and Global Migration: Foreign Workers and the Advent of a Multicultural Society》. Routledge. 75쪽. ISBN 0-415-19110-6.
↑ Befu, Harumi (2001). 《Hegemony of Homogeneity: An Anthropological Analysis of Nihonjinron》. Trans Pacific Press. 76쪽. ISBN 1-876843-05-5. "In the generic sense, [Gaijin] refers to all foreigners; but in daily usage it designates only Caucasians—that is, those foreigners who are worthy of admiration in some respects"
↑ Koshiro, Yukiko (1999). 《Trans-Pacific Racisms and the U.S. Occupation of Japan》. Columbia University Press. 114쪽. ISBN 0-231-11348-X.

[kodansha-1] Wetherall, William (1983). 〈Foreigners in Japan〉. 《Kodansha Encyclopedia of Japan》 2. Tokyo: Kodansha. 313–4쪽.

[Buckley-2] Buckley, Sandra (2002). 〈Gaijin〉. 《Encyclopedia of Contemporary Japanese Culture》. Taylor and Francis. 161–2쪽. ISBN 0-415-14344-6.

[Itoh-3] Itoh, Mayumi (Summer 1996). “Japan's abiding sakoku mentality - seclusion from other countries - Economic Myths Explained”. 《Orbis》 (Foreign Policy Research Institute / JAI Press Inc.) 40 (3).

[books.google-4] De Mente, Boye Lafayette (1994). 《Japanese Etiquette & Ethics In Business》. McGraw-Hill Professional. 159쪽. ISBN 0-8442-8530-7.

[books.google_a-5] Hsu, Robert (1993). 《The MIT Encyclopedia of the Japanese Economy》. MIT Press. 195쪽. ISBN 0-8442-8530-7.

[books.google_b-6] Wetherall, William; de Vos, George A (1976). 〈Ethnic Minorities in Japan〉. Veenhoven, Willem Adriaan; Crum Ewing, Winifred. 《Case Studies on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms: A World Survey》. Stichting Plurale. 384쪽. ISBN 90-247-1779-5.

[kitihara1-7] Kitahara, Michio (1989). 《Children of the Sun: the Japanese and the Outside World》. Sandgate, Folkestone, England: Paul Norbury Publications. 117, 516쪽. For example, gaijin literally means a 'person from outside', namely a foreigner, and that means 'Caucasian'. To describe a Japanese person in this manner is a compliment to him or her. To be 'similar to a foreigner' (gaijin-no youna) means to be similar to a westerner, and this too, is a compliment.

[lie-8] Lie, John (2000). 〈The Discourse of Japaneseness〉. Douglass, Mike; Roberts, Glenda Susan. 《Japan and Global Migration: Foreign Workers and the Advent of a Multicultural Society》. Routledge. 75쪽. ISBN 0-415-19110-6.

[Befu-9] Befu, Harumi (2001). 《Hegemony of Homogeneity: An Anthropological Analysis of Nihonjinron》. Trans Pacific Press. 76쪽. ISBN 1-876843-05-5. "In the generic sense, [Gaijin] refers to all foreigners; but in daily usage it designates only Caucasians—that is, those foreigners who are worthy of admiration in some respects"

[Koshiro_1999_114-10] Koshiro, Yukiko (1999). 《Trans-Pacific Racisms and the U.S. Occupation of Japan》. Columbia University Press. 114쪽. ISBN 0-231-11348-X.

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