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Bahasa Dari

Jak Wikipidiya
Dari
دری Dari
Gambar
Dari
Nagara Afghanistan
Pok Asia Hulu
Jumlah Panutur 35 juta jiwa
Sistim Panulisan Arab
Status Lokok tipakai
Etnis Jolma Persia ?
Dialek Badakhshi
Kaluwarga Bahasa 1. Indo-Eropa
2. Indo-Iran
3. Bahasa Persia
4. Bahasa Dari
Bahasa say Tikahik Persia, Tajik

Basa Dari joda da salah osay basa say dituturko Jolma Persia Afghanistan di nagara Afghanistan rik Iran, say bufungsi sabagay lingua franca bagi jutaan masyarakat Afghanistan.[1][2][3][4] Di sumber-sumber Barat ija tikonal sabagay Parsiya Afghanistan atawa Parsiya Darak.[5][6][7][8][9] Dari joda da basa resmi bagi 35 juta rakyat Afghanistan[10][11][12]

Huruf

[dandani | Sunting sumbor]

Basa Parsiya Iran rik Persia Dari di Afghanistan makay Abjad Arab-Persia, sodongko Bahasa Tajik titulis makay Alfabet Sirilik. Sabonorna makka sumang hamak rik Huruf Arab say biasona, bih ija nambahi pira ngabungkal huruf bugahan.

# Golar
Persia 		Golar
(Transliterasi) 		Transliterasi IPA Unicode Bontuk kontekstual
Uncuk Tongah Pangkal Posay
0 همزه hamze

[13]

ʾ Glottal stop ʔ U+0621 – – – ء
U+0623 ـأ أ
U+0626 ـئ ـئـ ئـ ئ
U+0624 ـؤ ؤ
1 الف ʾalef â ɒ U+0627 ـا ا
2 ب be b b U+0628 ـب ـبـ بـ ب
3 پ pe p p U+067E ـپ ـپـ پـ پ
4 ت te t t U+062A ـت ـتـ تـ ت
5 ث s̱e s̱ s U+062B ـث ـثـ ثـ ث
6 جیم jim j d͡ʒ U+062C ـج ـجـ جـ ج
7 چ če č t͡ʃ U+0686 ـچ ـچـ چـ چ
8 ح ḥe

ḥâ-ye ḥotti ḥâ-ye jimi

ḥ h U+062D ـح ـحـ حـ ح
9 خ xe x x U+062E ـخ ـخـ خـ خ
10 دال dâl d d U+062F ـد د
11 ذال ẕâl ẕ z U+0630 ـذ ذ
12 ر re r r U+0631 ـر ر
13 ز ze z z U+0632 ـز ز
14 ژ že ž ʒ U+0698 ـژ ژ
15 سین sin s s U+0633 ـس ـسـ سـ س
16 شین šin š ʃ U+0634 ـش ـشـ شـ ش
17 صاد ṣâd ṣ s U+0635 ـص ـصـ صـ ص
18 ضاد zâd ż z U+0636 ـض ـضـ ضـ ض
19 طا tâ t t U+0637 ـط ـطـ طـ ط
20 ظا ẓâ ẓ z U+0638 ـظ ـظـ ظـ ظ
21 عین ʿayn ʿ ʔ

, æ /a

U+0639 ـع ـعـ عـ ع
22 غین ġayn ġ ɢ

, ɣ

U+063A ـغ ـغـ غـ غ
23 ف fe f f U+0641 ـف ـفـ فـ ف
24 قاف qâf q q U+0642 ـق ـقـ قـ ق
25 کاف kâf k k U+06A9 ـک ـکـ کـ ک
26 گاف gâf g ɡ U+06AF ـگ ـگـ گـ گ
27 لام lâm l l U+0644 ـل ـلـ لـ ل
28 میم mim m m U+0645 ـم ـمـ مـ م
29 نون nun n n U+0646 ـن ـنـ نـ ن
30 واو vâv

(Farsi)

v

ū ow o

uː


[ow ] [v ][o ]
(bih di uncuk kata)

U+0648 ـو و
wâw

(Dari)

w

ū aw ō

uː


[w ][aw ] [oː ]

31 ه he

hā-ye havvaz hā-ye do-češm

h h

atawa e rik a (uncuk kata)

U+0647 ـه ـهـ هـ ه
32 ی ye y

ī á ay ē munih dilom Dari

j

i ɒː [aj ] eː dilom Dari

U+06CC ـی ـیـ یـ ی
Bunyi Posay Uncuk Tongah Pangkal Golar
β ڤ ـڤ ـڤـ ڤـ βe

Variasi

[dandani | Sunting sumbor]
ی ه و ن م ل گ ک ق ف غ ع ظ ط ض ص ش س ژ ز ر ذ د خ ح چ ج ث ت پ ب ا ء‎
• Noto Nastaliq Urdu
• Scheherazade
• Lateef
• Noto Naskh Arabic
• Markazi Text
• Noto Sans Arabic
• Baloo Bhaijaan
• El Messiri SemiBold
• Lemonada Medium
• Changa Medium
• Mada
• Noto Kufi Arabic
• Reem Kufi
• Lalezar
• Jomhuria
• Rakkas
The alphabet in 16 fonts: Noto Nastaliq Urdu, Scheherazade, Lateef, Noto Naskh Arabic, Markazi Text, Noto Sans Arabic, Baloo Bhaijaan, El Messiri SemiBold, Lemonada Medium, Changa Medium, Mada, Noto Kufi Arabic, Reem Kufi, Lalezar, Jomhuria, and Rakkas.

Konstruksi huruf

[dandani | Sunting sumbor]
Bontuk (i) Posay ء ا ى ں ٮ ح س ص ط ع ڡ ٯ ک ل م د ر و ه
Pangkal ء ا ٮـ حـ سـ صـ طـ عـ ڡـ کـ لـ مـ د ر و هـ
Tongah ء ـا ـٮـ ـحـ ـسـ ـصـ ـطـ ـعـ ـڡـ ـکـ ـلـ ـمـ ـد ـر ـو ـهـ
Uncuk ء ـا ـى ـں ـٮ ـح ـس ـص ـط ـع ـڡ ـٯ ـک ـل ـم ـد ـر ـو ـه
i'jam (i)
Unicode 0621 .. 0627 .. 0649 .. 06BA .. 066E .. 062D .. 0633 .. 0635 .. 0637 .. 0639 .. 06A1 .. 066F .. 066F .. 0644 .. 0645 .. 062F .. 0631 .. 0648. .. 0647 ..
1 titik di bah ﮳ ب ج
Unicode FBB3. 0628 .. 062C ..
1 titik dinggak ﮲ ن خ ض ظ غ ف ذ ز
Unicode FBB2. 0646 .. 062E .. 0636 .. 0638 .. 063A .. 0641 .. 0630 .. 0632 ..
2 titik di bah (ii) ﮵ ی
Unicode FBB5. 06CC ..
2 titik dinggak ﮴ ت ق ة
Unicode FBB4. 062A .. 0642 .. 0629 ..
3 titik di bah ﮹ پ چ
Unicode FBB9. FBB7. 067E .. 0686 ..
3 titik dinggak ﮶ ث ش ژ
Unicode FBB6. 062B .. 0634.. 0698 ..
Garis dinggak ‾ گ
Unicode 203E. 06AF ..
Makka ء ا ی ں ح س ص ط ع ک ل م د ر و ه
Unicode 0621 .. 0627 .. 0649 .. 06BA .. 062D .. 0633 .. 0635 .. 0637 .. 0639 .. 066F .. 0644 .. 0645 .. 062F .. 0631 .. 0648. .. 0647 ..
Madda dinggak ۤ آ
Unicode 06E4. 0653. 0622 ..
Hamzah di bah ــٕـ إ
Unicode 0655. 0625 ..
Hamza dinggak ــٔـ أ ئ ؤ ۀ
Unicode 0674. 0654. 0623 .. 0626 .. 0624 .. 06C0 ..
Vokal Buntak
(tulisan vokal ponuh) 		Golar
Persia 		Golar
(Transliterasi) 		Trans.(a) Nilay (b)

(Farsi/Dari)

064E
◌َ‎

زبر
(فتحه) 		zebar

zibar

a æ a
0650
◌ِ‎

زیر
(کسره) 		zer

zir

e
i
 e ɪ
ɛ
064F
◌ُ‎

پیش
(ضمّه) 		peš

piš

o
u
 o ʊ

Tanwin

[dandani | Sunting sumbor]
Nunasi
(tulisan vokal ponuh) 		Golar
(Persia) 		Golar
(Transliterasi) 		Catatan
064B
َاً، ـاً، ءً ‎

تنوین نَصْبْ Tanvine nasb
064D
ٍِ ‎

تنوین جَرّ Tanvine jarr Mak kala tipakay dilom Bahasa Parsiya.

Tiajarko khusus dilom agama Islam untuk ngalongkapi ngajar, maca, rik nulis Al-Qur'an education.

064C
ٌ ‎

تنوین رَفْعْ Tanvine rafʿ

Tasydid=

[dandani | Sunting sumbor]
Simbul Golar
(Persia) 		Golar
(Transliterasi)
0651
ّ ‎

تشدید tašdid

Huruf Tambahan

[dandani | Sunting sumbor]
Bunyi Pocak Golar Kode Poin Unicode
p پ pe U+067E
t͡ʃ

(ch)

چ če U+0686
ʒ

(zh)

ژ že U+0698
ɡ گ gâf U+06AF
Golar Pangucapan IPA Unicode Uncuk Tongah Pangkal Posay Catatan
alef madde â ɒ U+0622 ـآ — آ آ The final form is very rare and is freely replaced with ordinary alef.
he ye -eye

atawa -eyeh

[eje] U+06C0 ـۀ — — ۀ Validity of this form depends on region and dialect. Some may use the two-letter ـه‌ی 
or ه‌ی
combinations instead.
lām alef lā [lɒ]

U+0644 (lām) and U+0627 (alef) ـلا — — لا
kašida U+0640 — ـ — — This is the medial character which connects other characters

Angka

[dandani | Sunting sumbor]
Golar Persia Unicode Arab Unicode
0 ۰ U+06F0 ٠ U+0660
1 ۱ U+06F1 ١ U+0661
2 ۲ U+06F2 ٢ U+0662
3 ۳ U+06F3 ٣ U+0663
4 ۴ U+06F4 ٤ U+0664
5 ۵ U+06F5 ٥ U+0665
6 ۶ U+06F6 ٦ U+0666
7 ۷ U+06F7 ٧ U+0667
8 ۸ U+06F8 ٨ U+0668
9 ۹ U+06F9 ٩ U+0669
ye ی U+06CC ي [14] U+064A
kāf ک U+06A9 ك U+0643
Angka Arab Lawok 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Angka Arab Darak ٠ ١ ٢ ٣ ٤ ٥ ٦ ٧ ٨ ٩ ١٠
Persia[15] ۰ ۱ ۲ ۳ ۴ ۵ ۶ ۷ ۸ ۹ ۱۰
Urdu[16] ۰ ۱ ۲ ۳ ۴ ۵ ۶ ۷ ۸ ۹ ۱۰
Angka Abjad – ا ب ج د ه و ز ح ط ي

Huruf Tambahan

[dandani | Sunting sumbor]
Bunyi Posay Uncuk Tongah-tongah Pangkal Golar
/p/ پ‎ ـپ‎ ـپـ‎ پـ‎ pe
/tʃ/ چ‎ ـچ‎ ـچـ‎ چـ‎ če (che)
/ʒ/ ژ‎ ـژ‎ ـژ‎ ژ‎ že (zhe atawa jhe)
/ɡ/ گ‎ ـگ‎ ـگـ‎ گـ‎ ge (gāf)

[17]

Bunyi Posay Uncuk Tongah-tongah Pangkal Golar
/β/ ڤ‎ ـڤ‎ ـڤـ‎ ڤـ‎ βe

Gaya Arab rik Gaya Persia

[dandani | Sunting sumbor]
Huruf Gaya Arab Huruf Gaya Parsiya Golar
ك‎ ک‎ ke (kāf)
ي‎ ی‎ ye

Cuntuh Tulisan

[dandani | Sunting sumbor]

UDHR pasal 1

[dandani | Sunting sumbor]

تمام افراد بشر آزاد زاده می شوند و از لحاظ حيثيت و کرامت و حقوق با هم برابرند. همگی دارای عقل و وجدان هستند و بايد با يکديگر با روحيه ای برادرانه رفتار کنند.‎

Tamām-e afrād-e bašar āzād zāde mīšūnad va az leḥāż-e ḥais̱īyat-o karāmat-o ḥoqūq bā ham barābarānd. hamgī dārā-ye ʿaql-o vejdān hastand va bāyad bā yekdīgar bā rūḥīye ai barādarāne raftār konand.

Kaunyin jolma tilahirko mardeka rik uwat pi'il rik hak-hak sai gohgoh. Tiyan tiunjuk akal pikiran rik hati nurani mari tiyan dapok nyampur rik sai barihna dilom semangat bukolpah.

Liyak Munih

[dandani | Sunting sumbor]

Rujukan

[dandani | Sunting sumbor]
  1. ↑ Afghan Folktales from Herat: Persian Texts in Transcription and Translation (2009) Cambria Press ISBN 978-1-60497-652-6
  2. ↑ 11 books afghanistandl.nyu.edu, lokok aktif
  3. ↑ Lazard, G. "Darī – The New Persian Literary Language ", in Encyclopædia Iranica, Online Edition 2006.
  4. ↑ Tajikam Portal - Secret documents Reveal Afghan Language Policy tajikam.com lokok aktif
  5. ↑ Airgram Farsi to Dari 1964 Embassy Kabul to USA lokok aktif
  6. ↑ Afghanistan (2010) Central Intelligence Agency, The World Factbook mak aktif lagi
  7. ↑ Documentation for ISO 639 identifier: prs SIL International (2010) lokok aktif
  8. ↑ Afghanistan's Persian Linguistic Identity The Diplomat

    Persian speakers in the country say 'the term Dari has been forced on them by the dominant Pashtun ethnic group as an attempt to distance Afghans from their cultural, linguistic, and historical ties to the Persian-speaking world

    dilom Bahasa Inggris Amerika rik lokok aktif
  9. ↑ Kāboli Encyclopaedia Iranica

    Persian in Afghanistan is generally called fārsi by Persian-speakers and pārsi in Pashto. The standard written Persian of Afghanistan has officially been called Dari since 1964; apart from a few basics of vocabulary, however (and more Indo-Persian calligraphic styles in the Perso-Arabic script), there is little difference between formal written Persian of Afghanistan and of Iran. The term "Dari" is often loosely used for the characteristic spoken Persian of Afghanistan, but is best restricted to formal spoken registers (poetry, speeches, newscasts, and other broadcast announcements).

    lokok aktif rik dilom Bahasa Inggris Amerika
  10. ↑ Central Intelligence Agency South Asia :: Afghanistan The World Factbook lokok aktif
  11. ↑ LibGuides: Dari Language: Language History International and Area Studies Library, guides.library.illinois.edu lokok aktif
  12. ↑ Nile Green Afghanistan in Ink: Literature Between Diaspora and Nation Nushin Arbabzadah, Hurst, ISBN 978-1-84904-204-8 hal 13 dilom Bahasa Inggris
  13. ↑ "??" (PDF). Persianacademy.ir. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2015-09-05.
  14. ↑ However, the Arabic variant continues to be used in its traditional style in the Nile Valley, similarly as it is used in Persian and Ottoman Turkish.
  15. ↑ U+06F0 through U+06F9. The numbers 4, 5, and 6 are different from Eastern Arabic.
  16. ↑ Same Unicode characters as the Persian, but language is set to Urdu. The numerals 4, 6 and 7 are different from Persian. On some devices, this row may appear identical to Persian.
  17. ↑ "PERSIAN LANGUAGE i. Early New Persian". Iranica Online. Archived from the original on 17 March 2019. Retrieved 18 March 2019.
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