Papers by Baqer M Al-Ramadan
Journal of Applied Remote Sensing, Jul 11, 2016
Abstract. Multiresolution segmentation and rule-based classification techniques are used to class... more Abstract. Multiresolution segmentation and rule-based classification techniques are used to classify objects from very high-resolution satellite images of urban areas. Custom rules are developed using different spectral, geometric, and textural features with five scale parameters, which exploit varying classification accuracy. Principal component analysis is used to select the most important features out of a total of 207 different features. In particular, seven different object types are considered for classification. The overall classification accuracy achieved for the rule-based method is 95.55% and 98.95% for seven and five classes, respectively. Other classifiers that are not using rules perform at 84.17% and 97.3% accuracy for seven and five classes, respectively. The results exploit coarse segmentation for higher scale parameter and fine segmentation for lower scale parameter. The major contribution of this research is the development of rule sets and the identification of major features for satellite image classification where the rule sets are transferable and the parameters are tunable for different types of imagery. Additionally, the individual objectwise classification and principal component analysis help to identify the required object from an arbitrary number of objects within images given ground truth data for the training.
This thesis\u27s initial hypothesis is that the highly centralized and structured form of governm... more This thesis\u27s initial hypothesis is that the highly centralized and structured form of government in Saudi Arabia would likely lead to a relatively more systematic and coordinated adoption of GIS than that witnessed in other significantly less centralized countries of Western Europe and North America. To examine the validity of this hypothesis, the current study assesses the efforts to adopt GIS within the municipal sector in Saudi Arabia. It finds, however, that GIS is being adopted within the government in a fragmented and uncoordinated manner, thus seriously hindering the potential capacity of GIS proliferation to provide a unifying framework to establish and maintain a flow and dissemination of information within government. The research study then suggests a framework for a national effort towards geographic information and GIS in Saudi Arabia
Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, Dec 1, 2016
Power system networks are the largest and most complex systems ever devised by human being. The n... more Power system networks are the largest and most complex systems ever devised by human being. The networks are associated with huge amount of investments where the success of the sector heavily depends on appropriate planning and management. Spatial analysis technologies play very important role in planning, monitoring, and managing of the network by comprehensively considering social, environmental, and economic issues. Spatial analysis, the heart of geographic information systems (GIS) provide an integrated platform for proper management and planning of power systems. The major role of GIS technology includes: (i) developing spatial model for power generating stations, transmission networks, and distribution substations; (ii) determining suitable locations for power generation and distribution stations, and optimal routing of transmission networks; and (iii) integrating renewable energy resources with the planning and management system. Parallel to GIS, global positioning systems (GPS) has introduced new dimensions in spatial research because of its increasing availability with reduced price. The integration of GPS in data measurement techniques made a paradigm shift in (i) monitoring of the power system network with time synchronized data and (ii) finding fault locations as well as taking corrective actions with better accuracy. This paper investigates the evolutionary role of GIS and GPS technologies in different components of power system networks. These technologies are expected to provide a smart and promising platform for integrating virtually all the relevant information and systems required to develop and maintain a sustainable power system networks at local, national, regional, and global levels.
Applied Sciences
This paper investigates C4H2F6, a promising environmentally friendly insulating gas that possesse... more This paper investigates C4H2F6, a promising environmentally friendly insulating gas that possesses high dielectric strength and a low global warming potential. The study focuses on examining the insulation properties of C4H2F6 when combined with CO2/N2, aiming to assess its suitability as a substitute for SF6 in gas-insulated applications. Finite element analyses are performed to evaluate the field utilization factor and electric field distribution in the proposed mixture. The properties of liquefaction temperature were examined in this study to determine the optimal mixing ratio for applications that require a minimum working temperature. Extensive experimental investigations were carried out to assess the dielectric strength characteristics of the gas mixture in both uniform and quasi-uniform electric fields. It was found that pure HFO-1336mzz (E) exhibits a dielectric strength approximately 1.2–1.6 times higher than SF6. Experimental results have revealed that the insulation perf...
Sustainability
Currently, natural hazards are a significant concern as they contribute to increased vulnerabilit... more Currently, natural hazards are a significant concern as they contribute to increased vulnerability, environmental degradation, and loss of life, among other consequences. Climate change and human activities are key factors that contribute to various natural hazards such as floods, landslides, droughts, and deforestation. Assam state in India experiences annual floods that significantly impact the local environment. In 2022, the flooding affected approximately 1.9 million people and 2930 villages, resulting in the loss of 54 lives. This study utilized the Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud-computing platform to investigate the extent of flood inundation and deforestation, analyzing pre-flood and post-flood C band Sentinel-1 GRD datasets. Identifying pre- and post-flood areas was conducted using Landsat 8–9 OLI/TIRS datasets and the modified and normalized difference water index (MNDWI). The districts of Cachar, Kokrajhar, Jorhat, Kamrup, and Dhubri were the most affected by floods and d...
It is estimated that more than 90% of the operations and activities of public and private agencie... more It is estimated that more than 90% of the operations and activities of public and private agencies are based on information that possess a “locational” dimension. Thus, daily operations, as well as effective planning and decision making for such agencies, require precise handling and analysis of several layers of such information, commonly referred to as “geographic information”. The technology of Geographic Information Systems (GIS), which has evolved since late 1980’s, provides an efficient and computer-driven method of managing, manipulating, analyzing, and displaying a huge volume of multilayered geographic information. This paper starts with a background of this technology and its development history. GIS applications and functional elements are then presented as well as the major challenges of their implementation. The paper concludes with a set of recommendations for a successful implementation of this technology.
Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks (IWSN) are preferred over bulky wired networks in industrial ... more Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks (IWSN) are preferred over bulky wired networks in industrial monitoring and automation. These sensors are used to access locations, which are technically unreachable. The use of IWSN not only reduced the cost of automation systems but also played a significant role in alarm management by real time data transfer. ZigBee and WirelessHART are already deployed protocols for IWSN. ISA100.11a developed by International Society of Automation was specially designed for IWSN. The main features of this standard are low power consumption, real time fast data transfer, scalability, security, reliability, coexistence with other network architectures and robustness in harsh industrial environments. To achieve these features, these protocols use layer structure, which provides security, fast and reliable data transfer. IEEE 802.15.4 is used at its physical layer with variable data slots. This paper presents the results of the simulation of ISA100 done on Pymote ...
GIS has been widely used in various areas and disciplines. This paper shows the possible applicat... more GIS has been widely used in various areas and disciplines. This paper shows the possible applications of GIS in electrical power system, how GIS helps to determine the optimal path for transmission lines, how it helps to forecast the growth of load and substation location, and how it is easier to manage disasters and locates fault using GIS. Brief review about GIS and GPS is given. A method to develop a GIS database for a power utility is proposed with how GIS can connect the information to that utility.
Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 2018
The design of foundations on a problematic soil is considered one of the most challenging issues ... more The design of foundations on a problematic soil is considered one of the most challenging issues for the geotechnical engineers. Sabkha, or salt flat, is considered as a problematic soil that exists in coastal areas. Ar-Rayyas sabkha is covering a wide area of the Eastern Province of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. King Fahd Suburb in the city of Dammam, Saudi Arabia, having been identified with an extensive presence of Ar-Rayyas sabkha, is considered for this study. Many structural failures of the residential buildings in the suburb were reported. The presence of sabkha is predominating the reasons of these failures. 59 investigatory boreholes were performed at the suburb and standard penetration N-values, have been obtained for the boreholes. A regression analysis was carried out, and a prediction model of the N-values using the coordinates and the depth intervals of the boreholes as regressors was provided. Due to the low accuracy of the model, an artificial neural network model was proposed to enhance the accuracy of the prediction; however, a further enhancement was required. Using GIS concepts, the suburb was mapped, and the borehole locations were projected with their attributes on the map. Different interpolation methods were utilised to predict and interpolate the N-values between the boreholes. The inverse distance weighting method yielded the most accurate model and therefore was selected to produce the final layouts for each depth interval. Finally, a framework for the design of foundations with the aid of GIS techniques was developed. Keywords Regression Á AI Á ANN Á GIS Á Interpolation Á Foundations Á SPT Á Sabkha Á Ar-Rayyas Á KF Suburb Abbreviation Adj. Adjusted AI Artificial intelligence ANN Artificial neural network ANOVA Analysis of variances BH Borehole CRD Completely randomised design D Depth intervals (m) DF Degree of freedom DK Diffusion kernel EBK Empirical Bayesian kriging Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (
Computer Engineering & Information Technology, 2017
Mobile devices are getting to be progressively public in the meantime, mobile location-based serv... more Mobile devices are getting to be progressively public in the meantime, mobile location-based service (MLBS) is considered as a productive open door for service suppliers. However, there has been a moderate development in the MLBS market before few years. The goal for each location based data framework is to support with the precise data, at perfect place progressively with customized setup and location affectability. We have possessed the capacity to build various distinctive applications where we give the client data concerning a location he or she needs to travel. However, this software maybe restricted to computer only. We have to bring them on mobile gadgets. This paper deploys real-time location tracking framework for distinctive cell phones utilizing GPS gadgets. It concentrates on the administration and perception of a greater part of individuals can be anticipated. Our work can service an ongoing location tracking service for a various parties utilizing TCP/IP and GPS software in a mobile framework. The client may obtain and oversee location data of indicated subjects, who need special care progressively. Such client requiring particular defensive measures, elderly and kids. The proposed GPS and remote location based tracking framework may be extensive to different application areas that recognize client location data and use this at anytime, anyplace.
Journal of Applied Remote Sensing, 2016
Abstract. Multiresolution segmentation and rule-based classification techniques are used to class... more Abstract. Multiresolution segmentation and rule-based classification techniques are used to classify objects from very high-resolution satellite images of urban areas. Custom rules are developed using different spectral, geometric, and textural features with five scale parameters, which exploit varying classification accuracy. Principal component analysis is used to select the most important features out of a total of 207 different features. In particular, seven different object types are considered for classification. The overall classification accuracy achieved for the rule-based method is 95.55% and 98.95% for seven and five classes, respectively. Other classifiers that are not using rules perform at 84.17% and 97.3% accuracy for seven and five classes, respectively. The results exploit coarse segmentation for higher scale parameter and fine segmentation for lower scale parameter. The major contribution of this research is the development of rule sets and the identification of major features for satellite image classification where the rule sets are transferable and the parameters are tunable for different types of imagery. Additionally, the individual objectwise classification and principal component analysis help to identify the required object from an arbitrary number of objects within images given ground truth data for the training.
This thesis\u27s initial hypothesis is that the highly centralized and structured form of governm... more This thesis\u27s initial hypothesis is that the highly centralized and structured form of government in Saudi Arabia would likely lead to a relatively more systematic and coordinated adoption of GIS than that witnessed in other significantly less centralized countries of Western Europe and North America. To examine the validity of this hypothesis, the current study assesses the efforts to adopt GIS within the municipal sector in Saudi Arabia. It finds, however, that GIS is being adopted within the government in a fragmented and uncoordinated manner, thus seriously hindering the potential capacity of GIS proliferation to provide a unifying framework to establish and maintain a flow and dissemination of information within government. The research study then suggests a framework for a national effort towards geographic information and GIS in Saudi Arabia
Floods due to “blocking event” in the jet stream during 2010 caused intense rainfall and flash fl... more Floods due to “blocking event” in the jet stream during 2010 caused intense rainfall and flash floods in northern Pakistan which resulted into riverine flooding in southern Pakistan. Attributed phenomenon was the uplifting of monsoon which triggered 36 days of fuel recharge from the Arabian Sea. In this research, impacts of flash and riverine flooding have been assessed by using GIS based overlay analysis along the bank of Indus River. Inundation during 2010 was compared with the normal waterways and floodplain areas of the rivers. Results elucidate that 28 cities, including 18 districts, faced the worst consequences along the length of Indus River due to colonial structure in floodplain areas. Multan and Muzaffarabad, being most populated districts, situated near the Panjnad where all eastern and western tributaries of Indus River merge to form bigger channel, got seriously affected in term of infrastructure and life loss. In the late monsoon season, flood waters moved southward un...
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2016
Power system networks are the largest and most complex systems ever devised by human being. The n... more Power system networks are the largest and most complex systems ever devised by human being. The networks are associated with huge amount of investments where the success of the sector heavily depends on appropriate planning and management. Spatial analysis technologies play very important role in planning, monitoring, and managing of the network by comprehensively considering social, environmental, and economic issues. Spatial analysis, the heart of geographic information systems (GIS) provide an integrated platform for proper management and planning of power systems. The major role of GIS technology includes: (i) developing spatial model for power generating stations, transmission networks, and distribution substations; (ii) determining suitable locations for power generation and distribution stations, and optimal routing of transmission networks; and (iii) integrating renewable energy resources with the planning and management system. Parallel to GIS, global positioning systems (GPS) has introduced new dimensions in spatial research because of its increasing availability with reduced price. The integration of GPS in data measurement techniques made a paradigm shift in (i) monitoring of the power system network with time synchronized data and (ii) finding fault locations as well as taking corrective actions with better accuracy. This paper investigates the evolutionary role of GIS and GPS technologies in different components of power system networks. These technologies are expected to provide a smart and promising platform for integrating virtually all the relevant information and systems required to develop and maintain a sustainable power system networks at local, national, regional, and global levels.
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Papers by Baqer M Al-Ramadan