Papers by Abdullah Alghamdi
155705-2828-IJCEE-IJENS ©October 2015 IJENS I J E N S Abstract-Chlorination is one of the frequen... more 155705-2828-IJCEE-IJENS ©October 2015 IJENS I J E N S Abstract-Chlorination is one of the frequently used water disinfection methods in water distribution system. It has been successfully used to inactivate harmful micro-organisms and prevent the regrowth or recontamination of pathogens that might be present. However, maintaining residual chlorine besides keeping it below a certain level is essential because of concerns about formation of carcinogenic disinfection byproducts within the distribution system. The stochastic twostate random walk model is employed to solve the advectionreaction transport equation and predicts how the concentration of dissolved chlorine varies in time and space in a water distribution network. Linear non-equilibrium particle transfer from water bulk phase (State 1) to pipe wall phase (State 2) is handled using a two-state Markov-chain process with absorbing state. The model was successful when applied to a single pipe. In the current study, New Haven’s ne...
As water moves through a distribution network, maintaining residual chlorine is essential to prev... more As water moves through a distribution network, maintaining residual chlorine is essential to prevent the regrowth or recontamination of pathogens and inactivate harmful microorganisms that might be present. On the other hand, chlorine should be kept below a certain level because of concerns about formation of carcinogenic disinfection by-products within the distribution system. In this paper, a stochastic model is proposed as a tool to offer a cost-effective way to study the spatial and temporal variation of a number of water quality constituents, including chlorine. Under a known set of hydraulic conditions and source input patterns, a two state random walk model is developed to simulate the decay of chlorine in a single pipe by solving the advective-transport equation. The model predicts how the concentration of dissolved chlorine varies with time and space throughout the flow. Linear non-equilibrium particle transfer from water bulk phase (state 1) to pipe wall phase (state 2) is...
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A 3-D finite element (FE) numerical model was used to analyze structurally a proposed subsurface ... more A 3-D finite element (FE) numerical model was used to analyze structurally a proposed subsurface concrete dam to serve as a strategic water supply storage for the Holy city of Makkah, S audi Arabia. The work was done mainly to show the behavior of the subsurface dam under the subjecting loads. The plastic concrete was chosen for the construction of the cutoff wall required for the reservoir. Three-dimensional finite element analyses were made for three thicknesses of the cutoff walls: 0.6 to 0.8 m, 0.8 to 1.0 m and 1.0 to 1.2 m for the alluvium depths of 30, 50 and 70 m, respectively. The change in soil rigidity with depth was taken into account. The vertical and horizontal boundary conditions were designed to simulate the proper behavior of the structure It was found that increasing the thickness of the wall improves the distribution of the mobilized passive pressure opposite to the water pressure acting on the upstream face of the cutoff wall, while, the vertical and horizontal stresses developed in the wall due to the applied loads increased. In addition, stresses in the wall increase incrementally with the increase of wall height. The maximum horizontal and vertical stresses developed in proportion to the 1/6 bottom height of the wall. In the lower part of the wall, the mix with rich cement content must be used. It is recommended also to use vertical reinforcement imbedded by the anchorage length in the lock of the wall inside the bedrock and extended 1/20 the wall height. Results showed that the two vertical boundaries in the FE mesh must be placed at minimum distance equaling twice the height of the alluvium deposits from the centerline of the cutoff wall.. Index Termsubsurface dam analysis, cutoff wall analysis, underground dam analysis, structural analysis of dams. I.
Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution, 2010
... A. Jayanthi, C. Jency and S. Berlin Suhiji 73 Air Pollution and Its Impact on Physical Fitnes... more ... A. Jayanthi, C. Jency and S. Berlin Suhiji 73 Air Pollution and Its Impact on Physical Fitness Level in Relation with Nutritional Status Paulomi Das, Pinaki Chatterjee, Parimal Debnath, Pratima Chatterjee and Santa Datta (De) 77 ...
Water Science & Technology: Water Supply, 2009
This contribution presents part of the work that had been done to develop the water resources in ... more This contribution presents part of the work that had been done to develop the water resources in Wadi Naman east of Makkah City to form a strategic water reserve for the city of Makkah and the nearby holy shrines. The aim of the strategic water reserve is to be used as water supply in emergencies when the desalination plant or the pipelines from the desalination plant to the city have to be out of the service for a considerable amount of time due to planned or unplanned shutdowns. The development plan calls for a constructing of a subsurface dam across the Wadi at a prescribed location. The proposed subsurface dam will extend from 3 m below the natural ground surface to a depth of 2–3 metres inside solid bedrock. The suggested dam may be constructed using plain plastic concrete and utilizing the diaphragm wall technique for construction. The crest of the subsurface dam can serve as a buried spillway to convey access water downstream and the overflow freeboard will provide a room for utilities that passes through the wadi to serve cities and villages upstream. The alluvium thickness upstream of the proposed dam location is ranging from 20–70 m and the total volume of the alluvium behind the dam that can store water is 218 × 106 m3. Pumping test revealed that the transmissivity is 1,376 m2/day and the yield storage coefficient is 0.15. The safe water yield that can be stored in the alluvium behind the dam due to natural recharge of 6.53 × 106 m3/year and interception of the groundwater flow by the dam can reach an amount of 32.7 million cubic metres of water in a period of about 5 years from the date of completion of the dam. This amount of water can serve the city and the nearby holy shrines for a period of up to four months with a good demand management program. However, to maintain the desired levels of water quality and quantity in the reservoir and to minimize the adverse effect of the dam on the downstream area a very strict management program of the basin has to be followed. This management program can be used to control the urban and rural development in the area upstream of the dam and enhancing artificial and natural recharge in the upstream and downstream sides of the dam.
— This contribution presents a numerical simulation of water temperature fluctuations in overhead... more — This contribution presents a numerical simulation of water temperature fluctuations in overhead water tanks commonly used in intermittent water supply systems. Two types of over head tanks with different sizes were modeled; fiberglass tank and galvanized steel tanks. The numerical calculations were based on the actual outside tank temperature measured during the summer of 2009 in the city of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The numerical and measured water temperatures were in a good match in both tanks. The field and numerical investigations indicate that the water temperature in overhead tanks exceeds safe and comfortable temperature range for regular use in midday hours and it is expected that a considerable amount of valuable water will be wasted as the residents draining out the hot water from the plumbing system. Besides it is quite possible that scalding in sensitive skins may occurs to some consumers. This valuable water can be saved and possible scalding can be avoided by changing t...
Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-Aqua
... Estimation of leakage in the water distribution network of the Holy City of Makkah. Abdullah ... more ... Estimation of leakage in the water distribution network of the Holy City of Makkah. Abdullah S. Al-Ghamdi and Saud A. Gutub. Civil Engineering Department, King Abdulaziz University, PO Box 80204, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia E-mail: [email protected]. ...
Earth Systems and Environment
Background A new coupled global climate model (CGCM) has been developed at the Center of Excellen... more Background A new coupled global climate model (CGCM) has been developed at the Center of Excellence for Climate Change Research (CECCR), King Abdulaziz University (KAU), known as Saudi-KAU CGCM. Purpose The main aim of the model development is to generate seasonal to subseasonal forecasting and long-term climate simulations. Methods The Saudi-KAU CGCM currently includes two atmospheric dynamical cores, two land components, three ocean components, and multiple physical parameterization options. The component modules and parameterization
Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology—AQUA, 2011
Field investigations were conducted to identify the relationship between leakage rate and pressur... more Field investigations were conducted to identify the relationship between leakage rate and pressure in selected areas of the water distribution system of the Holy City of Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Noise correlators were used to detect leaks in areas where the water leakage exceeded 20% of the total water supplied. The leakage rate was found to be related to pressure raised to the nth power. The value of n was found to be 0.50 for the network of asbestos-cement pipes and 1.16 for the network of mixed pipes. Considering the age of the network, the leakage rate was found to be linearly related to the age of the network and related to pressure raised to the 1.10 power. About 63.
Journal of Coastal Conservation, 2010
Jeddah wastewater multi-port outfall was analyzed using CORMIX2 for average ambient conditions. T... more Jeddah wastewater multi-port outfall was analyzed using CORMIX2 for average ambient conditions. The numerical analysis of the outfall shows that the near-field mixing extends 187.5 m downstream of the diffuser and the dilution at the end of near-field reaches 1,047.8. The concentration of the plume drops sharply from 100 at the exit point to 0.0954 at the end of near-field zone. In the far-field zone the reduction in concentration is gradual and will reach 0.0061 at a distance of 20,000 m downstream of the diffuser, while dilution exceeds 16,440 at this point. The plume rises rapidly due to the buoyancy and touches the water surface at a distance of 187.5 m downstream. The thickness of the plume reaches a maximum value of 37.5 m at the interface of nearfield and far-Field zones, and then it starts spreading horizontally maintaining a thickness of about 13 m over a distance of about 4 km. As the plume mixes with ambient sea water, it starts spreading again in vertical direction and fills the entire water depth at a distance of 18,927 m down stream. The plume maintains nearly a constant width in the near-field zone but spreads progressively horizontally in the far-field zone till the plume touches the left bank at a distance of 18,482.52 m downstream. The plume spreads at a distance of 2,069 m from the coastline at the end of simulation zone. It can be concluded from numerical results that if the discharged water meets local and international standards for treated wastewater, the plume will not pose any threats to the local venerable environment as the dilution is considerably high due to high exit momentum and favorable cross current.
Waste Management & …, 2003
The Grand Holy Mosque, located in the Holy City of Makkah in Saudi Arabia, attracts millions of M... more The Grand Holy Mosque, located in the Holy City of Makkah in Saudi Arabia, attracts millions of Muslim visitors from all over the world, especially during the pilgrimage season. The daily amount of refuse generated in the Grand Holy Mosque and surrounding plazas reached a maximum value of 192.8 tons/day in 1998. Collection and transport of the solid waste generated during the peak times present a challenge to the Makkan authorities. The congested streets and high population density in the Holy Mosque and its surrounding plazas make the traditional methods of collecting and transporting solid waste impractical. This paper presents an alternative system for the collection and transport of solid waste generated in and around the Grand Holy Mosque in Makkah. The proposed system is based on a pneumatic transport technique, by which the waste is collected and transported in underground pipelines. A conceptual layout of the proposed system in the Mosque area is presented, and the merits of the suggested system are discussed.
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Papers by Abdullah Alghamdi