Papers by Eduard Brandstätter
Scientific Data, Sep 20, 2022
In the html version of this article the affiliation details for Marco Antonio Correa Varella were... more In the html version of this article the affiliation details for Marco Antonio Correa Varella were incorrectly given as 'eduLab21, Ayrton Senna Institute, São Paulo, 05423-040, Brazil' , but should have been '
Evolution and Human Behavior
Scientific Data
How does psychology vary across human societies? The fundamental social motives framework adopts... more How does psychology vary across human societies? The fundamental social motives framework adopts an evolutionary approach to capture the broad range of human social goals within a taxonomy of ancestrally recurring threats and opportunities. These motives—self-protection, disease avoidance, affiliation, status, mate acquisition, mate retention, and kin care—are high in fitness relevance and everyday salience, yet understudied cross-culturally. Here, we gathered data on these motives in 42 countries (N = 15,915) in two cross-sectional waves, including 19 countries (N = 10,907) for which data were gathered in both waves. Wave 1 was collected from mid-2016 through late 2019 (32 countries, N = 8,998; 3,302 male, 5,585 female; Mage = 24.43, SD = 7.91). Wave 2 was collected from April through November 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic (29 countries, N = 6,917; 2,249 male, 4,218 female; Mage = 28.59, SD = 11.31). These data can be used to assess differences and similarities in people’s fu...
Today at Johnny's: axiomatization of measurable utility together with the numbers. It developed s... more Today at Johnny's: axiomatization of measurable utility together with the numbers. It developed slowly, more and more quickly, and at the end, after two hours (!) it was nearly completely finished. It gave me great satisfaction, and moved me so much that afterwards I could not think about anything else….
Psychological Review, 2006
Bernoulli's framework of expected utility serves as a model for various psychological processes, ... more Bernoulli's framework of expected utility serves as a model for various psychological processes, including motivation, moral sense, attitudes, and decision making. To account for evidence at variance with expected utility, the authors generalize the framework of fast and frugal heuristics from inferences to preferences. The priority heuristic predicts (a) the Allais paradox, (b) risk aversion for gains if probabilities are high, (c) risk seeking for gains if probabilities are low (e.g., lottery tickets), (d) risk aversion for losses if probabilities are low (e.g., buying insurance), (e) risk seeking for losses if probabilities are high, (f) the certainty effect, (g) the possibility effect, and (h) intransitivities. The authors test how accurately the heuristic predicts people's choices, compared with previously proposed heuristics and 3 modifications of expected utility theory: security-potential/aspiration theory, transfer-of-attentionexchange model, and cumulative prospect theory.
Supplemental material, Ko_Supplemental_Figure for Family Matters: Rethinking the Psychology of Hu... more Supplemental material, Ko_Supplemental_Figure for Family Matters: Rethinking the Psychology of Human Social Motivation by Ahra Ko, Cari M. Pick, Jung Yul Kwon, Michael Barlev, Jaimie Arona Krems, Michael E. W. Varnum, Rebecca Neel, Mark Peysha, Watcharaporn Boonyasiriwat, Eduard Brandstätter, Ana Carla Crispim, Julio Eduardo Cruz, Daniel David, Oana A. David, Renata Pereira de Felipe, Velichko H. Fetvadjiev, Ronald Fischer, Silvia Galdi, Oscar Galindo, Galina Golovina, Luis Gomez-Jacinto, Sylvie Graf, Igor Grossmann, Pelin Gul, Takeshi Hamamura, Shihui Han, Hidefumi Hitokoto, Martina Hřebíčková, Jennifer Lee Johnson, Johannes A. Karl, Oksana Malanchuk, Asuka Murata, Jinkyung Na, Jiaqing O, Muhammed Rizwan, Eric Roth, Sergio Antonio Salgado Salgado, Elena Samoylenko, Tatyana Savchenko, A. Timur Sevincer, Adrian Stanciu, Eunkook M. Suh, Thomas Talhelm, Ayse K. Uskul, Irem Uz, Danilo Zambrano and Douglas T. Kenrick in Perspectives on Psychological Science
The article argues to replace null hypothesis significance testing by confidence intervals. Corre... more The article argues to replace null hypothesis significance testing by confidence intervals. Correctly interpreted, confidence intervals avoid the problems associated with null hypothesis statistical testing. Confidence intervals are formally valid, do not depend on a-priori hypotheses and do not result in trivial knowledge. The first part presents critique of null hypothesis significance testing; the second part replies to critique against confidence intervals and tries to demonstrate their superiority to null hypothesis significance testing.
Psychological Review, 2008
E. Brandstatter, G. Gigerenzer, and R. Hertwig (2006) contended that their priority heuristic, a ... more E. Brandstatter, G. Gigerenzer, and R. Hertwig (2006) contended that their priority heuristic, a type of lexicographic semiorder model, is more accurate than cumulative prospect theory (CPT) or transfer of attention exchange (TAX) models in describing risky decisions. However, there are 4 problems with their argument. First, their heuristic is not descriptive of certain data that they did not review. Second, their analysis relied on a global index of fit, percentage of correct predictions of the modal choice. Such analyses can lead to wrong conclusions when parameters are not properly estimated from the data. When parameters are estimated from the data, CPT and TAX fit the D. Kahneman and A. Tversky (1979) data perfectly. Reanalysis shows that TAX and CPT do as well as the priority heuristic for 2 of the data sets reviewed and outperform the priority heuristic for the other 3. Third, when 2 of these sets of data are reexamined, the priority heuristic is seen to make systematic viola...
In four experiments we investigate overand underweighting of probabilities in decisions under ris... more In four experiments we investigate overand underweighting of probabilities in decisions under risk. To account for this phenomenon we propose a view of the probab ility weighting function as a composite of cognitive and emotional processes and suggest that there is no single weighting function but two separate weighting functions for each process. Data obtained from a rating as well as three choice experiments, using both between and within subjects designs, generally support the proposed view. Given this broader perspective, cognitive "biases" or "errors" may turn out as highly intelligent solutions to maximize utility. * Dr. Eduard Brandstätter, Dept. of Social and Economic Psychology, University of Linz, A-4040 Linz, Austria. Phone: 0043-732-2468-578, Fax: 0043-732-2468-9315. E-mail: [email protected] ** Dr.Anton Kühberger, Dept. of Psychology, University of Salzburg, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria. Phone: 0043-662-8044-5112, Fax: 0043-662-8044-5126....
Die Arbeit argumentiert, Signifikanztests durch Konfidenzintervalle zu ersetzen. Richtig interpre... more Die Arbeit argumentiert, Signifikanztests durch Konfidenzintervalle zu ersetzen. Richtig interpretiert, vermeiden Konfidenzintervalle die Probleme klassischer Signifikanztests, sind logisch korrekt, benotigen weder a-priori Hypothesen noch bringen sie triviale Aussagen hervor. Der erste Teil prasentiert Kritik zu klassischen Signifikanztests, der zweite Teil weist Kritik an der Verwendung von Konfidenzintervallen zuruck und zeigt deren Vorteile gegenuber Signifikanztests auf.
The article argues to replace null hypothesis significance testing by confidence intervals. Corre... more The article argues to replace null hypothesis significance testing by confidence intervals. Correctly interpreted, confidence intervals avoid the problems associated with null hypothesis statistical testing. Confidence intervals are formally valid, do not depend on apriori hypotheses and do not result in trivial knowledge. The first part presents critique of null hypothesis significance testing; the second part replies to critique against confidence intervals and tries to demonstrate their superiority to null hypothesis significance testing.
What motives do people prioritize in their social lives? Historically, social psychologists, espe... more What motives do people prioritize in their social lives? Historically, social psychologists, especially those adopting an evolutionary perspective, have devoted a great deal of research attention to sexual attraction and romantic partner choice (mate-seeking). Research on long-term familial bonds (mate retention and kin care) has been less thoroughly connected to relevant comparative and evolutionary work on other species, and in the case of kin care, less well researched. Examining varied sources of data from 27 societies around the world, we found that people generally view familial motives as primary in importance, and mate-seeking motives as relatively low in importance. College students, single people, and males place relatively higher emphasis on mate-seeking, but even those samples rated kin care motives as more important. Further, motives linked to long-term familial bonds are positively associated with psychological well-being, but mate-seeking motives are associated with a...
Jahrbuch für Handlungs- und Entscheidungstheorie, 2010
Mit der Währungsumstellung in zwölf europäischen Staaten ist das Interesse von Sozialwissenschaft... more Mit der Währungsumstellung in zwölf europäischen Staaten ist das Interesse von Sozialwissenschaftlerinnen an der Preiswahrnehmung gestiegen. Aus ökonomischer Perspektive war der 1. Januar 2002 - der Tag, an welchem der Euro als Bargeld eingeführt wurde - ein irrelevantes Datum. Als Buchgeld galt der Euro bereits seit drei Jahren , die nationalen Währungen waren darauf bezogen, und die Wechselkurse fix an den Euro gebunden. Mit der Umstellung des Bargeldes wurde lediglich der Nominalwert, die Geldeinheiten auf dem Verbrauchermarkt geändert. Für den Handel sollte das unbedeutend sein, weil nicht die Geldeinheiten an sich, sondern der Realwert des Geldes relevant ist. Irvin Fisher (1928) machte auf die ökonomische Bedeutung des Nominalpreises aufmerksam, der vom Realpreis häufig unzureichend differenziert wird, was zum Phänomen der Geldillusion (money illusion) führt. Weil die Berechnung von Realpreisen komplex ist , und weil Konsumenten diesen kognitiven Aufwand im Alltag zumeist sche...
Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN, 1995
The objectives of this study were to evaluate whether age, sex, underlying renal disease, or the ... more The objectives of this study were to evaluate whether age, sex, underlying renal disease, or the performing surgeon is of prognostic relevance to the patency of the vascular access. In a routine clinical setting, 139 first and 144 further fistula operations were done in 139 patients during 5 yr and were analyzed in retrospect. Within a group of 108 patients with first Cimino-Brescia fistulae, Cox multivariate regression analysis revealed the surgeon to be the only determinant with a continuous, significant effect on fistula patency throughout the observation period (P(out) < 0.1). The patency rates of the seven surgeons at 1, 2, and 3 yr differed from 34 to 69, 13 to 62, and 13 to 62%, respectively. Hazard ratios among the surgeons varied from 0.65 to 2.21. Additionally, age (P < 0.004) and diabetes mellitus (P < 0.02) were disclosed to be significant risk factors for impaired patency, but later in the course of disease (time dependent). Sex had no influence. After the fail...
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Papers by Eduard Brandstätter