Extensive research has been done to achieve better throughput and reliability in wireless network... more Extensive research has been done to achieve better throughput and reliability in wireless networks, with focus on multiple-input multiple-output systems. Recently, cooperative networking techniques have been investigated to increase the performance of low-cost wireless systems by using the diversity created by different single antenna devices. However, cooperative networking requires a medium access control layer able to handle source-relay-destination communications. Wireless cooperative relaying poses several challenges, being the most important one related to the relay selection mechanism, especially in the presence of mobile nodes. This position paper aims to describe our findings towards development of an efficient relay selection algorithm.
The real-time monitoring and autonomous decision making through unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) a... more The real-time monitoring and autonomous decision making through unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are the potential applications of future networks. Vertical handover in future networks is a mechanism to switch communication between different network access technologies like Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), Worldwide Interoperability for Wireless Microwave Access (WiMAX), Third-Generation (3G), Fourth-Generation (4G), and Fifth-Generation (5G) mobile technologies. These technologies have significant importance in providing fast, reliable, and timely communication. However, during a vertical handover, an inadequate delay and packet loss can cause considerable disruption in maintaining communication sessions and results in intolerable end-to-end delay, disconnectivity, and poor packet delivery ratio. The proposed work addresses the vertical handover method in UAVs communication by designing a relay-based vertical handover technique. The relay UAVs is an assistant node, requiring an o...
Asian Journal of Allied Health Sciences (AJAHS), 2021
Breast cancer in women in both developed and developing countries is the most common cancer, and ... more Breast cancer in women in both developed and developing countries is the most common cancer, and remains a major public health problem. Methods: Analytical cross-sectional studies and only highquality studies were included. The searched databases were: Pub Med (2008-2020), Google scholar (2008-2020) and science direct (20082020). The key terms searched were ultrasound imaging, Breast solid mass or lesions, papillary lesions, Fibro-adenoma, breast cancer. Using these key terms, researchers found total 101 studies from the above-mentioned databases. Among these researchers found 56 studies from Google scholars, 11 from science direct and 34 from Pub Med. After this, researchers separated the relevant and irrelevant data. Results: Table 1 shows the Descriptive results of age from 12 studies, 17641 individuals. The mean age was 46.14697 SD 10.56736. The mean Sensitivity was 91.0200 and mean specificity was 89.35. The pooled results of 8 studies and 2612 individuals, out of 2612 individu...
As wireless systems grow rapidly worldwide, one of the most important things, wireless systems de... more As wireless systems grow rapidly worldwide, one of the most important things, wireless systems designers and service providers faces is interference. Interference decreases coverage, capacity [1], and limits the effectiveness of both new and existing systems. It is very difficult to avoid because wireless communications systems must exist together in extremely complex signal environments. These environments are consisting of multiple operating wireless networks [2]. At the same instant, new technologies and signal sources in Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) and digital video broadcasting are jeopardized to wireless communications service. This article provides a survey and analysis of interference in Wireless Network and provides a taxonomy.
ICC 2020 - 2020 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), 2020
This paper investigates the impact of authentication on effective capacity (EC) of an underwater ... more This paper investigates the impact of authentication on effective capacity (EC) of an underwater acoustic (UWA) channel. Specifically, the UWA channel is under impersonation attack by a malicious node (Eve) present in the close vicinity of the legitimate node pair (Alice and Bob); Eve tries to inject its malicious data into the system by making Bob believe that she is indeed Alice. To thwart the impersonation attack by Eve, Bob utilizes the distance of the transmit node as the feature/fingerprint to carry out feature-based authentication at the physical layer. Due to authentication at Bob, due to lack of channel knowledge at the transmit node (Alice or Eve), and due to the threshold-based decoding error model, the relevant dynamics of the considered system could be modelled by a Markov chain (MC). Thus, we compute the state-transition probabilities of the MC, and the moment generating function for the service process corresponding to each state. This enables us to derive a closed-form expression of the EC in terms of authentication parameters. Furthermore, we compute the optimal transmission rate (at Alice) through gradient-descent (GD) technique and artificial neural network (ANN) method. Simulation results show that the EC decreases under severe authentication constraints (i.e., more false alarms and more transmissions by Eve). Simulation results also reveal that the (optimal transmission rate) performance of the ANN technique is quite close to that of the GD method.
International Journal of Security and Its Applications, 2020
The degradation of an adequate medical facilities for safety and healthy human atmosphere motivat... more The degradation of an adequate medical facilities for safety and healthy human atmosphere motivated researchers to think more generously to provide a smart solution in medical applications. Wireless body area network (WBAN) is one of the potential platform to cope up to the needs of prevailing medical demands and challenges. In the literature, WBAN is a femto-network (ranges up to few meters) formation around a human body for sensing, transmission and reception functionality. These functionalities are executed using various modes by placement of sensors node on human posture or by injecting inside of the human body. This mode of communication have various challenges when deployed in medical applications. Due to the critical nature of human physiological sensed data which demands a reliable and secure transmission, reception between sensors, intermediate and master node. This article outcomes are two fold, first is the state of art challenges of WBAN and the need of the ultimate smart solution for safe and reliable communication in Wireless body area Networks. Secondly, using Cooperation techniques for mitigation of WBAN issues, proposed cooperative model is presented for reliable data transmission using an efficient network resource utilization mechanism.
Most of the research studies nowadays are trying to bring automation to biomedical engineering an... more Most of the research studies nowadays are trying to bring automation to biomedical engineering and Lab on a Chip which is fast growing interdisciplinary field and has attracted researchers from various fields. The objective of this paper is to present an overall system to control droplet movement inside microfluidic channel using fuzzy logic controller, image processing algorithm, and microvalves installed within microfluidic channel. A state space model has been derived from circuit analogy approach to describe the microfluidic network. Furthermore, a COMSOL-based study is primed for device structure by means of droplet generation and controlling the droplet through fitted valves. Moreover, an image processing algorithm based on active contours has been proposed in this research to track the movement of the droplet through the channel. This droplet controlling method is utterly based on fuzzy controller as well as camera images to move the droplet at desired position by controlling...
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2018
Droplet Microfluidics has attracted great attention in recent years because of its interdisciplin... more Droplet Microfluidics has attracted great attention in recent years because of its interdisciplinary nature and had a wide application in various field especially biomedical applications. Till now researcher focus on controlling the size of droplet through flow rates but none of them focus on droplet detection and counting. This is the first research in which we have presented an automatic system based on Image processing algorithm for detection and counting of the droplets. The image processing algorithm is based on temporal differencing-based motion detection algorithm for continuous flowing droplet detection and counting. Moreover, the overall system was tested to generate droplet of phosphate-buffered Saline and 8% polyethylene glycol diacrylate pre-polymer droplet. The results depicted that our algorithm is capable of detecting the droplets as well as counting them with lowest statistical errors.
Highlights Overview of the production and the application of H2O2. Recent research on develop... more Highlights Overview of the production and the application of H2O2. Recent research on developing C3N4-based materials for the photocatalytic H2O2 production. Fundamentals of photocatalysis for the H2O2 evolution.
Cryosurgery is a promising novel minimally invasive surgical technique to eradicate carcinoma and... more Cryosurgery is a promising novel minimally invasive surgical technique to eradicate carcinoma and non-carcinoma tissues by freezing. In this research, we applied a transient 3D two-phase refrigerant flow model inside the LN boiling chamber as well as a bioheat transfer model inside the tissues to evaluate the optimized ablation outcome during prostatic cryosurgery. For the evaluation of the scenarios, a defect function was used that considers non-ablated target tissue (prostate/cancer tissue) as well as ablated healthy tissue, in which the ablated tissue was evaluated using a temperature threshold. Three different configurations using three LN cryoprobes were analyzed during the modeling study, and the best configuration with the three LN cryoprobes positioned isoscelesly was found. For this configuration, temperature distributions and temperature profiles at specific points within the tissue were investigated numerically. Owing to its low computational cost, the 3D coupled model ha...
Two-dimensional (2D) graphene oxide (GO) and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanosheets (NSs) have be... more Two-dimensional (2D) graphene oxide (GO) and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanosheets (NSs) have been widely used as photothermal agents and as potential carriers of antitumor drugs. Their spatial thermal effects have been extensively explored for use at physiological and hyperthermic temperatures (37 to 46 °C). Furthermore, the modulation of the spatial thermal distributions with these NSs may have even more profound applications in the microstructural control of biomaterials at cryogenic temperatures (-196 to 37 °C). These applications include bioinspired microfabrication via freezing, food and drug freeze-drying, and biomaterial cryopreservation. However, such thermal effects of NSs and their applications at cryogenic temperatures had never been fully explored. Therefore, in this study, we have utilized the near-infrared laser induced photothermal effects of GO and MoS2 NSs to suppress the ice nucleation and ice crystal growth during warming of the biosamples. Using this approach, ...
2016 Sixth International Conference on Innovative Computing Technology (INTECH), 2016
There is an overwhelming dependence on Global Positioning System (GPS) in every sector, ranging f... more There is an overwhelming dependence on Global Positioning System (GPS) in every sector, ranging from civil to military. The over dependence on GPS and its potential vulnerabilities has raised many concerns among government, scientists and all those who employ GPS for their business and other critical applications. It is due to the fact that GPS receivers can be easily be spoofed and the operations of any system can be disturbed and compromised which may result in a catastrophe. Many techniques have been proposed to meet the challenge of protecting GPS receivers from spoofing threat but none of these techniques are in use. Researchers are trying desperately to find a complete solution to meet this threat. This paper will present an analytical overview of the techniques that have been proposed to protect civilian GPS receiver. This survey analyzes different alternative solutions to prevent spoofing and explore a combination of two or more techniques that can provide most effective spoofing countermeasure technique.
In this paper a novel feature extraction algorithm is proposed which uses Genetic Algorithm (GA) ... more In this paper a novel feature extraction algorithm is proposed which uses Genetic Algorithm (GA) inorder to optimize the output node from Trained artificial neural network (ANN). Basically this algorithm does not change the training process and nor does modify the results. It only extract the relevant features and discard the redundant feature. The weights between the input node to hidden node and from the hidden node to output node are extracted and a general nonlinear optimization objective function is defined. This function only depends on the input because weights obtained are constant. Then GA is used to obtain the relevant features which maximizes the objective function. The dominant features of that class represents the dominant feature of all database. The algorithm is applied for the feature extraction of coal-boiler Plant. Its results are compared to other methods like the sensitivity analysis. It is proved that proposed algorithm reduces the dimensionality by 41.23% and require less time to train the neural network.
Proceedings of 2013 10th International Bhurban Conference on Applied Sciences & Technology (IBCAST), 2013
This paper presents a new scheme for the range estimation of an unknown radar emitter. With the p... more This paper presents a new scheme for the range estimation of an unknown radar emitter. With the proposed algorithm, range of unknown radar emitter can be determined by amplitude comparison of closely spaced time samples. A mathematical model of this ranging method is discussed in detail and supported by computer simulations. For various scenarios, the standard deviation in range estimate has been estimated. For normal incidence, the simulation results indicate that standard deviation in range estimate is only 76m for a 20Km range considering 10dB SNR and observer position error of ±1m. The comparison of proposed method with traditional triangulation method has also been presented. The comparison indicates that for a single platform configuration, the proposed scheme provides more accurate range estimation in a short span of time. Therefore, making it a suitable choice for applications where fast update is required.
Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online, 2009
Our group has been involved in the synthesis and crystallographic studies of sulfonamide derivati... more Our group has been involved in the synthesis and crystallographic studies of sulfonamide derivatives (Arshad et al., 2009). The title compound is a benzenesulfonamide with cyclohexyl and ethyl substituents on the sulfonamide N1 atom, Fig. 1.
Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online, 2009
In the title compound, C 20 H 25 NO 2 S, the cyclohexyl ring exists in a chair form and the mean ... more In the title compound, C 20 H 25 NO 2 S, the cyclohexyl ring exists in a chair form and the mean plane through all six atoms makes dihedral angles of 56.12 (9) and 55.19 (10) with the benzene and phenyl rings, respectively. The dihedral angle between the two aromatic rings is 77.23 (7). A weak intramolecular C-HÁ Á ÁO interaction occurs.
Extensive research has been done to achieve better throughput and reliability in wireless network... more Extensive research has been done to achieve better throughput and reliability in wireless networks, with focus on multiple-input multiple-output systems. Recently, cooperative networking techniques have been investigated to increase the performance of low-cost wireless systems by using the diversity created by different single antenna devices. However, cooperative networking requires a medium access control layer able to handle source-relay-destination communications. Wireless cooperative relaying poses several challenges, being the most important one related to the relay selection mechanism, especially in the presence of mobile nodes. This position paper aims to describe our findings towards development of an efficient relay selection algorithm.
The real-time monitoring and autonomous decision making through unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) a... more The real-time monitoring and autonomous decision making through unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are the potential applications of future networks. Vertical handover in future networks is a mechanism to switch communication between different network access technologies like Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), Worldwide Interoperability for Wireless Microwave Access (WiMAX), Third-Generation (3G), Fourth-Generation (4G), and Fifth-Generation (5G) mobile technologies. These technologies have significant importance in providing fast, reliable, and timely communication. However, during a vertical handover, an inadequate delay and packet loss can cause considerable disruption in maintaining communication sessions and results in intolerable end-to-end delay, disconnectivity, and poor packet delivery ratio. The proposed work addresses the vertical handover method in UAVs communication by designing a relay-based vertical handover technique. The relay UAVs is an assistant node, requiring an o...
Asian Journal of Allied Health Sciences (AJAHS), 2021
Breast cancer in women in both developed and developing countries is the most common cancer, and ... more Breast cancer in women in both developed and developing countries is the most common cancer, and remains a major public health problem. Methods: Analytical cross-sectional studies and only highquality studies were included. The searched databases were: Pub Med (2008-2020), Google scholar (2008-2020) and science direct (20082020). The key terms searched were ultrasound imaging, Breast solid mass or lesions, papillary lesions, Fibro-adenoma, breast cancer. Using these key terms, researchers found total 101 studies from the above-mentioned databases. Among these researchers found 56 studies from Google scholars, 11 from science direct and 34 from Pub Med. After this, researchers separated the relevant and irrelevant data. Results: Table 1 shows the Descriptive results of age from 12 studies, 17641 individuals. The mean age was 46.14697 SD 10.56736. The mean Sensitivity was 91.0200 and mean specificity was 89.35. The pooled results of 8 studies and 2612 individuals, out of 2612 individu...
As wireless systems grow rapidly worldwide, one of the most important things, wireless systems de... more As wireless systems grow rapidly worldwide, one of the most important things, wireless systems designers and service providers faces is interference. Interference decreases coverage, capacity [1], and limits the effectiveness of both new and existing systems. It is very difficult to avoid because wireless communications systems must exist together in extremely complex signal environments. These environments are consisting of multiple operating wireless networks [2]. At the same instant, new technologies and signal sources in Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) and digital video broadcasting are jeopardized to wireless communications service. This article provides a survey and analysis of interference in Wireless Network and provides a taxonomy.
ICC 2020 - 2020 IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), 2020
This paper investigates the impact of authentication on effective capacity (EC) of an underwater ... more This paper investigates the impact of authentication on effective capacity (EC) of an underwater acoustic (UWA) channel. Specifically, the UWA channel is under impersonation attack by a malicious node (Eve) present in the close vicinity of the legitimate node pair (Alice and Bob); Eve tries to inject its malicious data into the system by making Bob believe that she is indeed Alice. To thwart the impersonation attack by Eve, Bob utilizes the distance of the transmit node as the feature/fingerprint to carry out feature-based authentication at the physical layer. Due to authentication at Bob, due to lack of channel knowledge at the transmit node (Alice or Eve), and due to the threshold-based decoding error model, the relevant dynamics of the considered system could be modelled by a Markov chain (MC). Thus, we compute the state-transition probabilities of the MC, and the moment generating function for the service process corresponding to each state. This enables us to derive a closed-form expression of the EC in terms of authentication parameters. Furthermore, we compute the optimal transmission rate (at Alice) through gradient-descent (GD) technique and artificial neural network (ANN) method. Simulation results show that the EC decreases under severe authentication constraints (i.e., more false alarms and more transmissions by Eve). Simulation results also reveal that the (optimal transmission rate) performance of the ANN technique is quite close to that of the GD method.
International Journal of Security and Its Applications, 2020
The degradation of an adequate medical facilities for safety and healthy human atmosphere motivat... more The degradation of an adequate medical facilities for safety and healthy human atmosphere motivated researchers to think more generously to provide a smart solution in medical applications. Wireless body area network (WBAN) is one of the potential platform to cope up to the needs of prevailing medical demands and challenges. In the literature, WBAN is a femto-network (ranges up to few meters) formation around a human body for sensing, transmission and reception functionality. These functionalities are executed using various modes by placement of sensors node on human posture or by injecting inside of the human body. This mode of communication have various challenges when deployed in medical applications. Due to the critical nature of human physiological sensed data which demands a reliable and secure transmission, reception between sensors, intermediate and master node. This article outcomes are two fold, first is the state of art challenges of WBAN and the need of the ultimate smart solution for safe and reliable communication in Wireless body area Networks. Secondly, using Cooperation techniques for mitigation of WBAN issues, proposed cooperative model is presented for reliable data transmission using an efficient network resource utilization mechanism.
Most of the research studies nowadays are trying to bring automation to biomedical engineering an... more Most of the research studies nowadays are trying to bring automation to biomedical engineering and Lab on a Chip which is fast growing interdisciplinary field and has attracted researchers from various fields. The objective of this paper is to present an overall system to control droplet movement inside microfluidic channel using fuzzy logic controller, image processing algorithm, and microvalves installed within microfluidic channel. A state space model has been derived from circuit analogy approach to describe the microfluidic network. Furthermore, a COMSOL-based study is primed for device structure by means of droplet generation and controlling the droplet through fitted valves. Moreover, an image processing algorithm based on active contours has been proposed in this research to track the movement of the droplet through the channel. This droplet controlling method is utterly based on fuzzy controller as well as camera images to move the droplet at desired position by controlling...
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2018
Droplet Microfluidics has attracted great attention in recent years because of its interdisciplin... more Droplet Microfluidics has attracted great attention in recent years because of its interdisciplinary nature and had a wide application in various field especially biomedical applications. Till now researcher focus on controlling the size of droplet through flow rates but none of them focus on droplet detection and counting. This is the first research in which we have presented an automatic system based on Image processing algorithm for detection and counting of the droplets. The image processing algorithm is based on temporal differencing-based motion detection algorithm for continuous flowing droplet detection and counting. Moreover, the overall system was tested to generate droplet of phosphate-buffered Saline and 8% polyethylene glycol diacrylate pre-polymer droplet. The results depicted that our algorithm is capable of detecting the droplets as well as counting them with lowest statistical errors.
Highlights Overview of the production and the application of H2O2. Recent research on develop... more Highlights Overview of the production and the application of H2O2. Recent research on developing C3N4-based materials for the photocatalytic H2O2 production. Fundamentals of photocatalysis for the H2O2 evolution.
Cryosurgery is a promising novel minimally invasive surgical technique to eradicate carcinoma and... more Cryosurgery is a promising novel minimally invasive surgical technique to eradicate carcinoma and non-carcinoma tissues by freezing. In this research, we applied a transient 3D two-phase refrigerant flow model inside the LN boiling chamber as well as a bioheat transfer model inside the tissues to evaluate the optimized ablation outcome during prostatic cryosurgery. For the evaluation of the scenarios, a defect function was used that considers non-ablated target tissue (prostate/cancer tissue) as well as ablated healthy tissue, in which the ablated tissue was evaluated using a temperature threshold. Three different configurations using three LN cryoprobes were analyzed during the modeling study, and the best configuration with the three LN cryoprobes positioned isoscelesly was found. For this configuration, temperature distributions and temperature profiles at specific points within the tissue were investigated numerically. Owing to its low computational cost, the 3D coupled model ha...
Two-dimensional (2D) graphene oxide (GO) and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanosheets (NSs) have be... more Two-dimensional (2D) graphene oxide (GO) and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanosheets (NSs) have been widely used as photothermal agents and as potential carriers of antitumor drugs. Their spatial thermal effects have been extensively explored for use at physiological and hyperthermic temperatures (37 to 46 °C). Furthermore, the modulation of the spatial thermal distributions with these NSs may have even more profound applications in the microstructural control of biomaterials at cryogenic temperatures (-196 to 37 °C). These applications include bioinspired microfabrication via freezing, food and drug freeze-drying, and biomaterial cryopreservation. However, such thermal effects of NSs and their applications at cryogenic temperatures had never been fully explored. Therefore, in this study, we have utilized the near-infrared laser induced photothermal effects of GO and MoS2 NSs to suppress the ice nucleation and ice crystal growth during warming of the biosamples. Using this approach, ...
2016 Sixth International Conference on Innovative Computing Technology (INTECH), 2016
There is an overwhelming dependence on Global Positioning System (GPS) in every sector, ranging f... more There is an overwhelming dependence on Global Positioning System (GPS) in every sector, ranging from civil to military. The over dependence on GPS and its potential vulnerabilities has raised many concerns among government, scientists and all those who employ GPS for their business and other critical applications. It is due to the fact that GPS receivers can be easily be spoofed and the operations of any system can be disturbed and compromised which may result in a catastrophe. Many techniques have been proposed to meet the challenge of protecting GPS receivers from spoofing threat but none of these techniques are in use. Researchers are trying desperately to find a complete solution to meet this threat. This paper will present an analytical overview of the techniques that have been proposed to protect civilian GPS receiver. This survey analyzes different alternative solutions to prevent spoofing and explore a combination of two or more techniques that can provide most effective spoofing countermeasure technique.
In this paper a novel feature extraction algorithm is proposed which uses Genetic Algorithm (GA) ... more In this paper a novel feature extraction algorithm is proposed which uses Genetic Algorithm (GA) inorder to optimize the output node from Trained artificial neural network (ANN). Basically this algorithm does not change the training process and nor does modify the results. It only extract the relevant features and discard the redundant feature. The weights between the input node to hidden node and from the hidden node to output node are extracted and a general nonlinear optimization objective function is defined. This function only depends on the input because weights obtained are constant. Then GA is used to obtain the relevant features which maximizes the objective function. The dominant features of that class represents the dominant feature of all database. The algorithm is applied for the feature extraction of coal-boiler Plant. Its results are compared to other methods like the sensitivity analysis. It is proved that proposed algorithm reduces the dimensionality by 41.23% and require less time to train the neural network.
Proceedings of 2013 10th International Bhurban Conference on Applied Sciences & Technology (IBCAST), 2013
This paper presents a new scheme for the range estimation of an unknown radar emitter. With the p... more This paper presents a new scheme for the range estimation of an unknown radar emitter. With the proposed algorithm, range of unknown radar emitter can be determined by amplitude comparison of closely spaced time samples. A mathematical model of this ranging method is discussed in detail and supported by computer simulations. For various scenarios, the standard deviation in range estimate has been estimated. For normal incidence, the simulation results indicate that standard deviation in range estimate is only 76m for a 20Km range considering 10dB SNR and observer position error of ±1m. The comparison of proposed method with traditional triangulation method has also been presented. The comparison indicates that for a single platform configuration, the proposed scheme provides more accurate range estimation in a short span of time. Therefore, making it a suitable choice for applications where fast update is required.
Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online, 2009
Our group has been involved in the synthesis and crystallographic studies of sulfonamide derivati... more Our group has been involved in the synthesis and crystallographic studies of sulfonamide derivatives (Arshad et al., 2009). The title compound is a benzenesulfonamide with cyclohexyl and ethyl substituents on the sulfonamide N1 atom, Fig. 1.
Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online, 2009
In the title compound, C 20 H 25 NO 2 S, the cyclohexyl ring exists in a chair form and the mean ... more In the title compound, C 20 H 25 NO 2 S, the cyclohexyl ring exists in a chair form and the mean plane through all six atoms makes dihedral angles of 56.12 (9) and 55.19 (10) with the benzene and phenyl rings, respectively. The dihedral angle between the two aromatic rings is 77.23 (7). A weak intramolecular C-HÁ Á ÁO interaction occurs.
Uploads
Papers by zeeshan haider