This research aims to develop an innovative instrument to measure cholesterol and glucose levels ... more This research aims to develop an innovative instrument to measure cholesterol and glucose levels non-invasively. The proposed model introduces the idea of measuring cholesterol and glucose levels without a blood sample or physical contact. This is accomplished using a near-infrared (NIR) and a photodiode. To improve accuracy and stability, an optical near-infrared (NIR) wristband sensor was developed to detect electrical pulses in the wrist tissue, which were then converted into values of cholesterol and blood glucose levels. There were 20 participants as clinical referrals in this study to identify invasive cholesterol and glucose levels. To achieve this goal, a mathematical model has been developed to create a non-linear equation between cholesterol and blood glucose levels. The performance of this model was assessed using square error prediction (SEP), the coefficient of determination (R 2) and the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). To determine the accuracy of this instrument, the ANOVA, T-test, and Clarke EGA analysis of variance were used in this study. The research findings demonstrated that the proposed strategy is practical to apply. Additionally, this instrument was tested on 40 participants with randomized ages between 20 and 60 years.
This research aims to develop an innovative instrument to measure cholesterol and glucose levels ... more This research aims to develop an innovative instrument to measure cholesterol and glucose levels non-invasively. The proposed model introduces the idea of measuring cholesterol and glucose levels without a blood sample or physical contact. This is accomplished using a near-infrared (NIR) and a photodiode. To improve accuracy and stability, an optical near-infrared (NIR) wristband sensor was developed to detect electrical pulses in the wrist tissue, which were then converted into values of cholesterol and blood glucose levels. There were 20 participants as clinical referrals in this study to identify invasive cholesterol and glucose levels. To achieve this goal, a mathematical model has been developed to create a non-linear equation between cholesterol and blood glucose levels. The performance of this model was assessed using square error prediction (SEP), the coefficient of determination (R 2) and the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). To determine the accuracy of this instrument, the ANOVA, T-test, and Clarke EGA analysis of variance were used in this study. The research findings demonstrated that the proposed strategy is practical to apply. Additionally, this instrument was tested on 40 participants with randomized ages between 20 and 60 years.
Hypercholesterolemia is one of cause of cardiovascular disease which is one of the most significa... more Hypercholesterolemia is one of cause of cardiovascular disease which is one of the most significant causes of death in world. This could be anticipated by monitoring blood cholesterol levels regularly. The current method of monitoring total blood cholesterol by using an invasive technique of taking a painful blood sample. A simple device is needed to measure blood cholesterol level without collecting blood samples. This Study aims to develop an optical sensor to measure blood cholesterol levels by utilizing infrared rays so that people with and without hypercholesterolemia can easily monitor their blood cholesterol levels regularly. The method of developing the application of reflective optical sensor focuses on the use of an infrared lighting emitting diode (IR LED) wavelength of 940 nm as a transmitter and a photodiode use a detector and microcontroller as a minimum system used to process electronic signals into total cholesterol values with an algorithm to classify total blood cholesterol. The measurement results were tested using variance analysis by comparing the result of non-invsive and invasive measurement with a p-value less than 0.05 which means the results could be accepted.
Hypercholesterolemia causes cardiovascular disease which is a disorder of the heart and blood ves... more Hypercholesterolemia causes cardiovascular disease which is a disorder of the heart and blood vessels, one of the most significant causes of death in the world, and this needs to be anticipated by monitoring blood cholesterol levels regularly. The current method of monitoring blood cholesterol levels is using invasive technique by collecting blood samples. A simple device is needed to measure blood cholesterol levels that can be done without collecting blood samples. This study aims to develop a noninvasive technique for monitoring blood cholesterol levels using sensors utilizing infrared light absorption in body tissues, in order to simplify measuring blood cholesterol levels regularly for patients with hypercholesterolemia. The application of a non-invasive technique focused on developing a total blood cholesterol monitoring device using an infrared sensor with IR LED-940nm wavelength as a transmitter. A photodiode was used as a detector with the wavelength range of 400-1100 nm and a microcontroller as the minimum system for controlling the value of the output voltage in the form of digital data and then converted onto total blood cholesterol. The measurement results using non-invasive technique was compared to the results using invasive technique.
Hypercholesterolemia is one of cause of cardiovascular disease which is one of the most significa... more Hypercholesterolemia is one of cause of cardiovascular disease which is one of the most significant causes of death in world. This could be anticipated by monitoring blood cholesterol levels regularly. The current method of monitoring total blood cholesterol by using an invasive technique of taking a painful blood sample. A simple device is needed to measure blood cholesterol level without collecting blood samples. This Study aims to develop an optical sensor to measure blood cholesterol levels by utilizing infrared rays so that people with and without hypercholesterolemia can easily monitor their blood cholesterol levels regularly. The method of developing the application of reflective optical sensor focuses on the use of an infrared lighting emitting diode (IR LED) wavelength of 940 nm as a transmitter and a photodiode use a detector and microcontroller as a minimum system used to process electronic signals into total cholesterol values with an algorithm to classify total blood cholesterol. The measurement results were tested using variance analysis by comparing the result of non-invsive and invasive measurement with a p-value less than 0.05 which means the results could be accepted.
Lampu UV Dilengkapi Rangkaian Buzzer Berbasis Mikrokontroler AT89s51" merupakan suatu rancangan u... more Lampu UV Dilengkapi Rangkaian Buzzer Berbasis Mikrokontroler AT89s51" merupakan suatu rancangan untuk pengembangan teknik dibidang kesehatan yang bertujuan untuk memudahkan penggunaan lanpu ultra violet (UV) dengan sistem pengotrolan automatis untuk pengoprasiannya dengan sinyal buzzer. Sterilisator iampu UV merupakan suatu aiai untuk mensieriikan ruangan becjah sentrai agar baKeri * bakteri diruangan dapat dimusnahkan dengan menggunakan lampu UV. Pada alat ini dirancang dengan lamanya penyinaran I-15 menit. Waktu penyinaran akan berjalan terus menerus sesuai waktu yang disetting dan dikontol oleh lC mikrokontroler AT89S51. Kesimpulan dari perancangan dan pembuatan alat ini telah dibuat Alat Sterilisator lampu ultra violet (UV) dengan kontrol waktu dan dilengkapi sistem Buzzer Berbasis Mikrokontroller AT89s5i" dengan lamanya penyinaran yaitu 8-'15 menit, dengan pengukuran standar devisia 0,06725, ketidakpastian 0,0306, simpangan 0,0467 dan enor A,27Bo/o.
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) Type-2 is a chronic disease that occurs due to uncontrolled blood glucose ... more Diabetes Mellitus (DM) Type-2 is a chronic disease that occurs due to uncontrolled blood glucose levels in the body. Uncontrolled glucose levels in people with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus can cause various kinds of complications, therefore this research aims to create an Android application that can help people with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus in controlling blood glucose levels. This application creation method includes the stages of preparation and application creation by conducting previous literature studies, which produce a theoretical model. The result of this research is a lifestyle management application for type 2 diabetes mellitus patients called Selfcare Glucose Management (SCGM), which has 4 kinds of features, including a feature that can calculate daily calorie needs by displaying various types of food with a predetermined weight and number of calories, an alarm feature that functions to remind patients to take medication and inject insulin, a physical activity training feature and a feature that contains educational material about Diabetes Mellitus. This application has been tested using application measurement methods in the form of repeated manual calculations or calibration and obtained results that match the expected values. It is hoped that this application can be developed to be more interactive and communicative in its use.
The process of giving directional information to assist airplanes in making an accurate landing a... more The process of giving directional information to assist airplanes in making an accurate landing at the airport of destination is known as aviation navigation. The VHF Omnidirectional Range is a crucial navigation tool for guiding planes to the airport (VOR). Since it costs a lot of money to learn how to fly an airplane, a VOR simulator was developed that can mimic the movement of an aircraft passing through the VOR. The simulation that was produced is a prototype that sends and receives signals to the aircraft utilizing an antenna and microcontroller as supporting hardware. The VOR/DME flight navigation system is constructed in this study using mathematical modeling; a formulation representing the essential features of the system is expressed as a set of connected variables. The ESP32 module that powers the system serves as a DME by sending out Bluetooth radio signals. where one ESP32 module serves as a DME object (moving DME) and three ESP32 modules serve as DME stations (ground DME). Information on the distance between the DME station and the DME object will be communicated using the MQTT protocol, and this data will be processed using the trilateration method to predict the location and movement of the DME object. The measurement accuracy at DME station 1, DME station 2, and DME station 3 are 99.52%, 99.92%, and 99.98% respectively. The enhanced capabilities to estimate the position of objects observed from different directions or omni-directionally on a two-dimensional scale are made possible by the performance results of combining the performance of three ESP32 devices as Distance Measurement Equipment (DME).
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) Type-2 is a chronic disease that occurs due to uncontrolled blood glucose ... more Diabetes Mellitus (DM) Type-2 is a chronic disease that occurs due to uncontrolled blood glucose levels in the body. Uncontrolled glucose levels in people with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus can cause various kinds of complications, therefore this research aims to create an Android application that can help people with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus in controlling blood glucose levels. This application creation method includes the stages of preparation and application creation by conducting previous literature studies, which produce a theoretical model. The result of this research is a lifestyle management application for type 2 diabetes mellitus patients called Selfcare Glucose Management (SCGM), which has 4 kinds of features, including a feature that can calculate daily calorie needs by displaying various types of food with a predetermined weight and number of calories, an alarm feature that functions to remind patients to take medication and inject insulin, a physical activity training feature and a feature that contains educational material about Diabetes Mellitus. This application has been tested using application measurement methods in the form of repeated manual calculations or calibration and obtained results that match the expected values. It is hoped that this application can be developed to be more interactive and communicative in its use.
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) Type-2 is a chronic disease that occurs due to uncontrolled blood glucose ... more Diabetes Mellitus (DM) Type-2 is a chronic disease that occurs due to uncontrolled blood glucose levels in the body. Uncontrolled glucose levels in people with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus can cause various kinds of complications, therefore this research aims to create an Android application that can help people with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus in controlling blood glucose levels. This application creation method includes the stages of preparation and application creation by conducting previous literature studies, which produce a theoretical model. The result of this research is a lifestyle management application for type 2 diabetes mellitus patients called Selfcare Glucose Management (SCGM), which has 4 kinds of features, including a feature that can calculate daily calorie needs by displaying various types of food with a predetermined weight and number of calories, an alarm feature that functions to remind patients to take medication and inject insulin, a physical activity training feature and a feature that contains educational material about Diabetes Mellitus. This application has been tested using application measurement methods in the form of repeated manual calculations or calibration and obtained results that match the expected values. It is hoped that this application can be developed to be more interactive and communicative in its use.
Journal of Hunan University Natural Sciences, Oct 30, 2022
This research aims to develop an innovative instrument to measure cholesterol and glucose levels ... more This research aims to develop an innovative instrument to measure cholesterol and glucose levels non-invasively. The proposed model introduces the idea of measuring cholesterol and glucose levels without a blood sample or physical contact. This is accomplished using a near-infrared (NIR) and a photodiode. To improve accuracy and stability, an optical near-infrared (NIR) wristband sensor was developed to detect electrical pulses in the wrist tissue, which were then converted into values of cholesterol and blood glucose levels. There were 20 participants as clinical referrals in this study to identify invasive cholesterol and glucose levels. To achieve this goal, a mathematical model has been developed to create a non-linear equation between cholesterol and blood glucose levels. The performance of this model was assessed using square error prediction (SEP), the coefficient of determination (R 2) and the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). To determine the accuracy of this instrument, the ANOVA, T-test, and Clarke EGA analysis of variance were used in this study. The research findings demonstrated that the proposed strategy is practical to apply. Additionally, this instrument was tested on 40 participants with randomized ages between 20 and 60 years.
The content of hemoglobin is generally used in clinical medicine in diagnosing anemia, identifyin... more The content of hemoglobin is generally used in clinical medicine in diagnosing anemia, identifying bleeding, and managing red blood cell transfusion. The standard system used to determine the concentration of hemoglobin in the blood requires reagents and generally with an invasive system that is taking blood samples injuring and carried out in clinics, health centers, and hospitals with high costs so that for the poor can be difficult to carry out routine checks. This study aims to develop a noninvasive system blood glucose measuring instrument. This noninvasive system uses a Near Infrared (NIR) sensor with LEDs and wavelength Photodiodes (λ) = 940 nm. The method of developing this tool with the stages, among others, preparation of tool making by conducting a literature study produced a theoretical model, the development of a tool model by making models through FGD activities to obtain a hypothetical model and tool making and testing tools by comparing invasive and non-invasive tech...
Increased glucose in the blood can cause a buildup so that it cannot be absorbed by all of the bo... more Increased glucose in the blood can cause a buildup so that it cannot be absorbed by all of the body's cells, this problem can cause various disorders in the body's organs. To avoid problems, it is necessary to check the blood glucose level regularly. Monitoring blood sugar levels is currently still using invasive techniques that are painful, non-invasive monitoring is needed. This study develops a non-invasive method to predict blood glucose through image processing. For investigation, several invasive images and glucose levels were taken. Types of samples based on age classification, 20-60 years. For accuracy and simple analysis, 37 images of participants as volunteers, samples were evaluated and investigated under the gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM). In this study, an artificial neural network (ANN) was used for all training and hand texture testing to detect glucose levels. The performance of this model is evaluated using Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and correlati...
Journal of Hunan University (Natural Sciences）, 2022
This research aims to develop an innovative instrument to measure cholesterol and glucose levels ... more This research aims to develop an innovative instrument to measure cholesterol and glucose levels non-invasively. The proposed model introduces the idea of measuring cholesterol and glucose levels without a blood sample or physical contact. This is accomplished using a near-infrared (NIR) and a photodiode. To improve accuracy and stability, an optical near-infrared (NIR) wristband sensor was developed to detect electrical pulses in the wrist tissue, which were then converted into values of cholesterol and blood glucose levels. There were 20 participants as clinical referrals in this study to identify invasive cholesterol and glucose levels. To achieve this goal, a mathematical model has been developed to create a non-linear equation between cholesterol and blood glucose levels. The performance of this model was assessed using square error prediction (SEP), the coefficient of determination (R 2 ) and the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). To determine the accuracy of this instrument, the ANOVA, T-test, and Clarke EGA analysis of variance were used in this study. The research findings demonstrated that the proposed strategy is practical to apply. Additionally, this instrument was tested on 40 participants with randomized ages between 20 and 60 years
This study develops a non-invasive method to predict blood glucose through image processing. For ... more This study develops a non-invasive method to predict blood glucose through image processing. For investigation, several invasive images and glucose levels were taken. Types of samples based on age classification, 20-60 years. For accuracy and simple analysis, 37 images of participants as volunteers, samples were evaluated and investigated under the gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM). In this study, an artificial neural network (ANN) was used for all training and hand texture testing to detect glucose levels. The performance of this model is evaluated using Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and correlation coefficient (r). Clarke Error Grid Analysis (EGA) variance was used in this investigation to determine the accuracy of the method. The results showed that the RMSE was close to the standard value, the regression coefficient was 0.95, and the Clarke EGA analysis: 81.08% was in the A .% zone. So that the blood glucose prediction model using the GLCM-ANN method is feasible to apply. Streszczenie. Niniejsze badanie rozwija nieinwazyjną metodę przewidywania stężenia glukozy we krwi poprzez przetwarzanie obrazu. W celu zbadania wykonano kilka inwazyjnych obrazów i poziomów glukozy. Rodzaje próbek na podstawie klasyfikacji wiekowej, 20-60 lat. Dla dokładności i prostej analizy, 37 obrazów uczestników jako ochotników, próbki zostały ocenione i zbadane w ramach macierzy współwystępowania poziomu szarości (GLCM). W tym badaniu sztuczna sieć neuronowa (ANN) została wykorzystana do wszystkich testów treningu i tekstury dłoni w celu wykrycia poziomu glukozy. Wydajność tego modelu ocenia się za pomocą błędu średniokwadratowego (RMSE) i współczynnika korelacji (r). W tym badaniu zastosowano analizę wariancji siatki błędów Clarke'a (EGA) w celu określenia dokładności metody. Wyniki pokazały, że RMSE była zbliżona do wartości standardowej, współczynnik regresji wyniósł 0,95, a analiza Clarke EGA: 81,08% znajdowała się w strefie A.%. Aby model przewidywania stężenia glukozy we krwi przy użyciu metody GLCM-ANN był możliwy do zastosowania (Zastosowane nieinwazyjnej metody monitorowania poziomu glukozy we krwi za pomocą obrazu skóry dłoni w oparciu o macierz współwystępowania poziomów szarości (GLCM) i sztuczne sieci neuronowe (ANN)
This study develops a non-invasive method to predict blood glucose through image processing. For ... more This study develops a non-invasive method to predict blood glucose through image processing. For investigation, several invasive images and glucose levels were taken. Types of samples based on age classification, 20-60 years. For accuracy and simple analysis, 37 images of participants as volunteers, samples were evaluated and investigated under the gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM). In this study, an artificial neural network (ANN) was used for all training and hand texture testing to detect glucose levels. The performance of this model is evaluated using Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and correlation coefficient (r). Clarke Error Grid Analysis (EGA) variance was used in this investigation to determine the accuracy of the method. The results showed that the RMSE was close to the standard value, the regression coefficient was 0.95, and the Clarke EGA analysis: 81.08% was in the A .% zone. So that the blood glucose prediction model using the GLCM-ANN method is feasible to apply. Streszczenie. Niniejsze badanie rozwija nieinwazyjną metodę przewidywania stężenia glukozy we krwi poprzez przetwarzanie obrazu. W celu zbadania wykonano kilka inwazyjnych obrazów i poziomów glukozy. Rodzaje próbek na podstawie klasyfikacji wiekowej, 20-60 lat. Dla dokładności i prostej analizy, 37 obrazów uczestników jako ochotników, próbki zostały ocenione i zbadane w ramach macierzy współwystępowania poziomu szarości (GLCM). W tym badaniu sztuczna sieć neuronowa (ANN) została wykorzystana do wszystkich testów treningu i tekstury dłoni w celu wykrycia poziomu glukozy. Wydajność tego modelu ocenia się za pomocą błędu średniokwadratowego (RMSE) i współczynnika korelacji (r). W tym badaniu zastosowano analizę wariancji siatki błędów Clarke'a (EGA) w celu określenia dokładności metody. Wyniki pokazały, że RMSE była zbliżona do wartości standardowej, współczynnik regresji wyniósł 0,95, a analiza Clarke EGA: 81,08% znajdowała się w strefie A.%. Aby model przewidywania stężenia glukozy we krwi przy użyciu metody GLCM-ANN był możliwy do zastosowania (Zastosowane nieinwazyjnej metody monitorowania poziomu glukozy we krwi za pomocą obrazu skóry dłoni w oparciu o macierz współwystępowania poziomów szarości (GLCM) i sztuczne sieci neuronowe (ANN)
This research presents a non-invasive method for identifying and detecting cholesterol level. The... more This research presents a non-invasive method for identifying and detecting cholesterol level. The proposed research has developed an innovative method and smart controller to measure cholesterol levels. In this research, the cholesterol level can be identified under image processing based on the hand skin image processing. For the investigation, several samples of pictures with and without cholesterol were taken. The kinds of samples are based on age classifications, for example: 20-40 and 40 < 60 years old. For accuracy and simple analysis, 26 sample pictures have been evaluated and investigated under the gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM). In this research, an artificial neural network (ANN) is used for all training and testing hand texture to detect cholesterol level. The performance of this model was assessed using the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and coefficient correlation (r). The Clarke Error Grid Analysis (EGA) of variance were employed in this investigation to determine the instrument's accuracy. The result indicated that the RMSE is appropriate as the standard value, r is 0.95 and Clarke EGA analysis: 92% and 88% for both age classifications
This research presents a non-invasive method for identifying and detecting cholesterol level. The... more This research presents a non-invasive method for identifying and detecting cholesterol level. The proposed research has developed an innovative method and smart controller to measure cholesterol levels. In this research, the cholesterol level can be identified under image processing based on the hand skin image processing. For the investigation, several samples of pictures with and without cholesterol were taken. The kinds of samples are based on age classifications, for example: 20-40 and 40 < 60 years old. For accuracy and simple analysis, 26 sample pictures have been evaluated and investigated under the gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM). In this research, an artificial neural network (ANN) is used for all training and testing hand texture to detect cholesterol level. The performance of this model was assessed using the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and coefficient correlation (r). The Clarke Error Grid Analysis (EGA) of variance were employed in this investigation to determine the instrument's accuracy. The result indicated that the RMSE is appropriate as the standard value, r is 0.95 and Clarke EGA analysis: 92% and 88% for both age classifications.
This research presents a non-invasive method for identifying and detecting cholesterol level. The... more This research presents a non-invasive method for identifying and detecting cholesterol level. The proposed research has developed an innovative method and smart controller to measure cholesterol levels. In this research, the cholesterol level can be identified under image processing based on the hand skin image processing. For the investigation, several samples of pictures with and without cholesterol were taken. The kinds of samples are based on age classifications, for example: 20-40 and 40 < 60 years old. For accuracy and simple analysis, 26 sample pictures have been evaluated and investigated under the gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM). In this research, an artificial neural network (ANN) is used for all training and testing hand texture to detect cholesterol level. The performance of this model was assessed using the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and coefficient correlation (r). The Clarke Error Grid Analysis (EGA) of variance were employed in this investigation to determine the instrument's accuracy. The result indicated that the RMSE is appropriate as the standard value, r is 0.95 and Clarke EGA analysis: 92% and 88% for both age classifications
This research aims to develop an innovative instrument to measure cholesterol and glucose levels ... more This research aims to develop an innovative instrument to measure cholesterol and glucose levels non-invasively. The proposed model introduces the idea of measuring cholesterol and glucose levels without a blood sample or physical contact. This is accomplished using a near-infrared (NIR) and a photodiode. To improve accuracy and stability, an optical near-infrared (NIR) wristband sensor was developed to detect electrical pulses in the wrist tissue, which were then converted into values of cholesterol and blood glucose levels. There were 20 participants as clinical referrals in this study to identify invasive cholesterol and glucose levels. To achieve this goal, a mathematical model has been developed to create a non-linear equation between cholesterol and blood glucose levels. The performance of this model was assessed using square error prediction (SEP), the coefficient of determination (R 2) and the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). To determine the accuracy of this instrument, the ANOVA, T-test, and Clarke EGA analysis of variance were used in this study. The research findings demonstrated that the proposed strategy is practical to apply. Additionally, this instrument was tested on 40 participants with randomized ages between 20 and 60 years.
This research aims to develop an innovative instrument to measure cholesterol and glucose levels ... more This research aims to develop an innovative instrument to measure cholesterol and glucose levels non-invasively. The proposed model introduces the idea of measuring cholesterol and glucose levels without a blood sample or physical contact. This is accomplished using a near-infrared (NIR) and a photodiode. To improve accuracy and stability, an optical near-infrared (NIR) wristband sensor was developed to detect electrical pulses in the wrist tissue, which were then converted into values of cholesterol and blood glucose levels. There were 20 participants as clinical referrals in this study to identify invasive cholesterol and glucose levels. To achieve this goal, a mathematical model has been developed to create a non-linear equation between cholesterol and blood glucose levels. The performance of this model was assessed using square error prediction (SEP), the coefficient of determination (R 2) and the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). To determine the accuracy of this instrument, the ANOVA, T-test, and Clarke EGA analysis of variance were used in this study. The research findings demonstrated that the proposed strategy is practical to apply. Additionally, this instrument was tested on 40 participants with randomized ages between 20 and 60 years.
Hypercholesterolemia is one of cause of cardiovascular disease which is one of the most significa... more Hypercholesterolemia is one of cause of cardiovascular disease which is one of the most significant causes of death in world. This could be anticipated by monitoring blood cholesterol levels regularly. The current method of monitoring total blood cholesterol by using an invasive technique of taking a painful blood sample. A simple device is needed to measure blood cholesterol level without collecting blood samples. This Study aims to develop an optical sensor to measure blood cholesterol levels by utilizing infrared rays so that people with and without hypercholesterolemia can easily monitor their blood cholesterol levels regularly. The method of developing the application of reflective optical sensor focuses on the use of an infrared lighting emitting diode (IR LED) wavelength of 940 nm as a transmitter and a photodiode use a detector and microcontroller as a minimum system used to process electronic signals into total cholesterol values with an algorithm to classify total blood cholesterol. The measurement results were tested using variance analysis by comparing the result of non-invsive and invasive measurement with a p-value less than 0.05 which means the results could be accepted.
Hypercholesterolemia causes cardiovascular disease which is a disorder of the heart and blood ves... more Hypercholesterolemia causes cardiovascular disease which is a disorder of the heart and blood vessels, one of the most significant causes of death in the world, and this needs to be anticipated by monitoring blood cholesterol levels regularly. The current method of monitoring blood cholesterol levels is using invasive technique by collecting blood samples. A simple device is needed to measure blood cholesterol levels that can be done without collecting blood samples. This study aims to develop a noninvasive technique for monitoring blood cholesterol levels using sensors utilizing infrared light absorption in body tissues, in order to simplify measuring blood cholesterol levels regularly for patients with hypercholesterolemia. The application of a non-invasive technique focused on developing a total blood cholesterol monitoring device using an infrared sensor with IR LED-940nm wavelength as a transmitter. A photodiode was used as a detector with the wavelength range of 400-1100 nm and a microcontroller as the minimum system for controlling the value of the output voltage in the form of digital data and then converted onto total blood cholesterol. The measurement results using non-invasive technique was compared to the results using invasive technique.
Hypercholesterolemia is one of cause of cardiovascular disease which is one of the most significa... more Hypercholesterolemia is one of cause of cardiovascular disease which is one of the most significant causes of death in world. This could be anticipated by monitoring blood cholesterol levels regularly. The current method of monitoring total blood cholesterol by using an invasive technique of taking a painful blood sample. A simple device is needed to measure blood cholesterol level without collecting blood samples. This Study aims to develop an optical sensor to measure blood cholesterol levels by utilizing infrared rays so that people with and without hypercholesterolemia can easily monitor their blood cholesterol levels regularly. The method of developing the application of reflective optical sensor focuses on the use of an infrared lighting emitting diode (IR LED) wavelength of 940 nm as a transmitter and a photodiode use a detector and microcontroller as a minimum system used to process electronic signals into total cholesterol values with an algorithm to classify total blood cholesterol. The measurement results were tested using variance analysis by comparing the result of non-invsive and invasive measurement with a p-value less than 0.05 which means the results could be accepted.
Lampu UV Dilengkapi Rangkaian Buzzer Berbasis Mikrokontroler AT89s51" merupakan suatu rancangan u... more Lampu UV Dilengkapi Rangkaian Buzzer Berbasis Mikrokontroler AT89s51" merupakan suatu rancangan untuk pengembangan teknik dibidang kesehatan yang bertujuan untuk memudahkan penggunaan lanpu ultra violet (UV) dengan sistem pengotrolan automatis untuk pengoprasiannya dengan sinyal buzzer. Sterilisator iampu UV merupakan suatu aiai untuk mensieriikan ruangan becjah sentrai agar baKeri * bakteri diruangan dapat dimusnahkan dengan menggunakan lampu UV. Pada alat ini dirancang dengan lamanya penyinaran I-15 menit. Waktu penyinaran akan berjalan terus menerus sesuai waktu yang disetting dan dikontol oleh lC mikrokontroler AT89S51. Kesimpulan dari perancangan dan pembuatan alat ini telah dibuat Alat Sterilisator lampu ultra violet (UV) dengan kontrol waktu dan dilengkapi sistem Buzzer Berbasis Mikrokontroller AT89s5i" dengan lamanya penyinaran yaitu 8-'15 menit, dengan pengukuran standar devisia 0,06725, ketidakpastian 0,0306, simpangan 0,0467 dan enor A,27Bo/o.
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) Type-2 is a chronic disease that occurs due to uncontrolled blood glucose ... more Diabetes Mellitus (DM) Type-2 is a chronic disease that occurs due to uncontrolled blood glucose levels in the body. Uncontrolled glucose levels in people with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus can cause various kinds of complications, therefore this research aims to create an Android application that can help people with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus in controlling blood glucose levels. This application creation method includes the stages of preparation and application creation by conducting previous literature studies, which produce a theoretical model. The result of this research is a lifestyle management application for type 2 diabetes mellitus patients called Selfcare Glucose Management (SCGM), which has 4 kinds of features, including a feature that can calculate daily calorie needs by displaying various types of food with a predetermined weight and number of calories, an alarm feature that functions to remind patients to take medication and inject insulin, a physical activity training feature and a feature that contains educational material about Diabetes Mellitus. This application has been tested using application measurement methods in the form of repeated manual calculations or calibration and obtained results that match the expected values. It is hoped that this application can be developed to be more interactive and communicative in its use.
The process of giving directional information to assist airplanes in making an accurate landing a... more The process of giving directional information to assist airplanes in making an accurate landing at the airport of destination is known as aviation navigation. The VHF Omnidirectional Range is a crucial navigation tool for guiding planes to the airport (VOR). Since it costs a lot of money to learn how to fly an airplane, a VOR simulator was developed that can mimic the movement of an aircraft passing through the VOR. The simulation that was produced is a prototype that sends and receives signals to the aircraft utilizing an antenna and microcontroller as supporting hardware. The VOR/DME flight navigation system is constructed in this study using mathematical modeling; a formulation representing the essential features of the system is expressed as a set of connected variables. The ESP32 module that powers the system serves as a DME by sending out Bluetooth radio signals. where one ESP32 module serves as a DME object (moving DME) and three ESP32 modules serve as DME stations (ground DME). Information on the distance between the DME station and the DME object will be communicated using the MQTT protocol, and this data will be processed using the trilateration method to predict the location and movement of the DME object. The measurement accuracy at DME station 1, DME station 2, and DME station 3 are 99.52%, 99.92%, and 99.98% respectively. The enhanced capabilities to estimate the position of objects observed from different directions or omni-directionally on a two-dimensional scale are made possible by the performance results of combining the performance of three ESP32 devices as Distance Measurement Equipment (DME).
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) Type-2 is a chronic disease that occurs due to uncontrolled blood glucose ... more Diabetes Mellitus (DM) Type-2 is a chronic disease that occurs due to uncontrolled blood glucose levels in the body. Uncontrolled glucose levels in people with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus can cause various kinds of complications, therefore this research aims to create an Android application that can help people with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus in controlling blood glucose levels. This application creation method includes the stages of preparation and application creation by conducting previous literature studies, which produce a theoretical model. The result of this research is a lifestyle management application for type 2 diabetes mellitus patients called Selfcare Glucose Management (SCGM), which has 4 kinds of features, including a feature that can calculate daily calorie needs by displaying various types of food with a predetermined weight and number of calories, an alarm feature that functions to remind patients to take medication and inject insulin, a physical activity training feature and a feature that contains educational material about Diabetes Mellitus. This application has been tested using application measurement methods in the form of repeated manual calculations or calibration and obtained results that match the expected values. It is hoped that this application can be developed to be more interactive and communicative in its use.
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) Type-2 is a chronic disease that occurs due to uncontrolled blood glucose ... more Diabetes Mellitus (DM) Type-2 is a chronic disease that occurs due to uncontrolled blood glucose levels in the body. Uncontrolled glucose levels in people with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus can cause various kinds of complications, therefore this research aims to create an Android application that can help people with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus in controlling blood glucose levels. This application creation method includes the stages of preparation and application creation by conducting previous literature studies, which produce a theoretical model. The result of this research is a lifestyle management application for type 2 diabetes mellitus patients called Selfcare Glucose Management (SCGM), which has 4 kinds of features, including a feature that can calculate daily calorie needs by displaying various types of food with a predetermined weight and number of calories, an alarm feature that functions to remind patients to take medication and inject insulin, a physical activity training feature and a feature that contains educational material about Diabetes Mellitus. This application has been tested using application measurement methods in the form of repeated manual calculations or calibration and obtained results that match the expected values. It is hoped that this application can be developed to be more interactive and communicative in its use.
Journal of Hunan University Natural Sciences, Oct 30, 2022
This research aims to develop an innovative instrument to measure cholesterol and glucose levels ... more This research aims to develop an innovative instrument to measure cholesterol and glucose levels non-invasively. The proposed model introduces the idea of measuring cholesterol and glucose levels without a blood sample or physical contact. This is accomplished using a near-infrared (NIR) and a photodiode. To improve accuracy and stability, an optical near-infrared (NIR) wristband sensor was developed to detect electrical pulses in the wrist tissue, which were then converted into values of cholesterol and blood glucose levels. There were 20 participants as clinical referrals in this study to identify invasive cholesterol and glucose levels. To achieve this goal, a mathematical model has been developed to create a non-linear equation between cholesterol and blood glucose levels. The performance of this model was assessed using square error prediction (SEP), the coefficient of determination (R 2) and the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). To determine the accuracy of this instrument, the ANOVA, T-test, and Clarke EGA analysis of variance were used in this study. The research findings demonstrated that the proposed strategy is practical to apply. Additionally, this instrument was tested on 40 participants with randomized ages between 20 and 60 years.
The content of hemoglobin is generally used in clinical medicine in diagnosing anemia, identifyin... more The content of hemoglobin is generally used in clinical medicine in diagnosing anemia, identifying bleeding, and managing red blood cell transfusion. The standard system used to determine the concentration of hemoglobin in the blood requires reagents and generally with an invasive system that is taking blood samples injuring and carried out in clinics, health centers, and hospitals with high costs so that for the poor can be difficult to carry out routine checks. This study aims to develop a noninvasive system blood glucose measuring instrument. This noninvasive system uses a Near Infrared (NIR) sensor with LEDs and wavelength Photodiodes (λ) = 940 nm. The method of developing this tool with the stages, among others, preparation of tool making by conducting a literature study produced a theoretical model, the development of a tool model by making models through FGD activities to obtain a hypothetical model and tool making and testing tools by comparing invasive and non-invasive tech...
Increased glucose in the blood can cause a buildup so that it cannot be absorbed by all of the bo... more Increased glucose in the blood can cause a buildup so that it cannot be absorbed by all of the body's cells, this problem can cause various disorders in the body's organs. To avoid problems, it is necessary to check the blood glucose level regularly. Monitoring blood sugar levels is currently still using invasive techniques that are painful, non-invasive monitoring is needed. This study develops a non-invasive method to predict blood glucose through image processing. For investigation, several invasive images and glucose levels were taken. Types of samples based on age classification, 20-60 years. For accuracy and simple analysis, 37 images of participants as volunteers, samples were evaluated and investigated under the gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM). In this study, an artificial neural network (ANN) was used for all training and hand texture testing to detect glucose levels. The performance of this model is evaluated using Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and correlati...
Journal of Hunan University (Natural Sciences）, 2022
This research aims to develop an innovative instrument to measure cholesterol and glucose levels ... more This research aims to develop an innovative instrument to measure cholesterol and glucose levels non-invasively. The proposed model introduces the idea of measuring cholesterol and glucose levels without a blood sample or physical contact. This is accomplished using a near-infrared (NIR) and a photodiode. To improve accuracy and stability, an optical near-infrared (NIR) wristband sensor was developed to detect electrical pulses in the wrist tissue, which were then converted into values of cholesterol and blood glucose levels. There were 20 participants as clinical referrals in this study to identify invasive cholesterol and glucose levels. To achieve this goal, a mathematical model has been developed to create a non-linear equation between cholesterol and blood glucose levels. The performance of this model was assessed using square error prediction (SEP), the coefficient of determination (R 2 ) and the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). To determine the accuracy of this instrument, the ANOVA, T-test, and Clarke EGA analysis of variance were used in this study. The research findings demonstrated that the proposed strategy is practical to apply. Additionally, this instrument was tested on 40 participants with randomized ages between 20 and 60 years
This study develops a non-invasive method to predict blood glucose through image processing. For ... more This study develops a non-invasive method to predict blood glucose through image processing. For investigation, several invasive images and glucose levels were taken. Types of samples based on age classification, 20-60 years. For accuracy and simple analysis, 37 images of participants as volunteers, samples were evaluated and investigated under the gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM). In this study, an artificial neural network (ANN) was used for all training and hand texture testing to detect glucose levels. The performance of this model is evaluated using Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and correlation coefficient (r). Clarke Error Grid Analysis (EGA) variance was used in this investigation to determine the accuracy of the method. The results showed that the RMSE was close to the standard value, the regression coefficient was 0.95, and the Clarke EGA analysis: 81.08% was in the A .% zone. So that the blood glucose prediction model using the GLCM-ANN method is feasible to apply. Streszczenie. Niniejsze badanie rozwija nieinwazyjną metodę przewidywania stężenia glukozy we krwi poprzez przetwarzanie obrazu. W celu zbadania wykonano kilka inwazyjnych obrazów i poziomów glukozy. Rodzaje próbek na podstawie klasyfikacji wiekowej, 20-60 lat. Dla dokładności i prostej analizy, 37 obrazów uczestników jako ochotników, próbki zostały ocenione i zbadane w ramach macierzy współwystępowania poziomu szarości (GLCM). W tym badaniu sztuczna sieć neuronowa (ANN) została wykorzystana do wszystkich testów treningu i tekstury dłoni w celu wykrycia poziomu glukozy. Wydajność tego modelu ocenia się za pomocą błędu średniokwadratowego (RMSE) i współczynnika korelacji (r). W tym badaniu zastosowano analizę wariancji siatki błędów Clarke'a (EGA) w celu określenia dokładności metody. Wyniki pokazały, że RMSE była zbliżona do wartości standardowej, współczynnik regresji wyniósł 0,95, a analiza Clarke EGA: 81,08% znajdowała się w strefie A.%. Aby model przewidywania stężenia glukozy we krwi przy użyciu metody GLCM-ANN był możliwy do zastosowania (Zastosowane nieinwazyjnej metody monitorowania poziomu glukozy we krwi za pomocą obrazu skóry dłoni w oparciu o macierz współwystępowania poziomów szarości (GLCM) i sztuczne sieci neuronowe (ANN)
This study develops a non-invasive method to predict blood glucose through image processing. For ... more This study develops a non-invasive method to predict blood glucose through image processing. For investigation, several invasive images and glucose levels were taken. Types of samples based on age classification, 20-60 years. For accuracy and simple analysis, 37 images of participants as volunteers, samples were evaluated and investigated under the gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM). In this study, an artificial neural network (ANN) was used for all training and hand texture testing to detect glucose levels. The performance of this model is evaluated using Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and correlation coefficient (r). Clarke Error Grid Analysis (EGA) variance was used in this investigation to determine the accuracy of the method. The results showed that the RMSE was close to the standard value, the regression coefficient was 0.95, and the Clarke EGA analysis: 81.08% was in the A .% zone. So that the blood glucose prediction model using the GLCM-ANN method is feasible to apply. Streszczenie. Niniejsze badanie rozwija nieinwazyjną metodę przewidywania stężenia glukozy we krwi poprzez przetwarzanie obrazu. W celu zbadania wykonano kilka inwazyjnych obrazów i poziomów glukozy. Rodzaje próbek na podstawie klasyfikacji wiekowej, 20-60 lat. Dla dokładności i prostej analizy, 37 obrazów uczestników jako ochotników, próbki zostały ocenione i zbadane w ramach macierzy współwystępowania poziomu szarości (GLCM). W tym badaniu sztuczna sieć neuronowa (ANN) została wykorzystana do wszystkich testów treningu i tekstury dłoni w celu wykrycia poziomu glukozy. Wydajność tego modelu ocenia się za pomocą błędu średniokwadratowego (RMSE) i współczynnika korelacji (r). W tym badaniu zastosowano analizę wariancji siatki błędów Clarke'a (EGA) w celu określenia dokładności metody. Wyniki pokazały, że RMSE była zbliżona do wartości standardowej, współczynnik regresji wyniósł 0,95, a analiza Clarke EGA: 81,08% znajdowała się w strefie A.%. Aby model przewidywania stężenia glukozy we krwi przy użyciu metody GLCM-ANN był możliwy do zastosowania (Zastosowane nieinwazyjnej metody monitorowania poziomu glukozy we krwi za pomocą obrazu skóry dłoni w oparciu o macierz współwystępowania poziomów szarości (GLCM) i sztuczne sieci neuronowe (ANN)
This research presents a non-invasive method for identifying and detecting cholesterol level. The... more This research presents a non-invasive method for identifying and detecting cholesterol level. The proposed research has developed an innovative method and smart controller to measure cholesterol levels. In this research, the cholesterol level can be identified under image processing based on the hand skin image processing. For the investigation, several samples of pictures with and without cholesterol were taken. The kinds of samples are based on age classifications, for example: 20-40 and 40 &lt; 60 years old. For accuracy and simple analysis, 26 sample pictures have been evaluated and investigated under the gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM). In this research, an artificial neural network (ANN) is used for all training and testing hand texture to detect cholesterol level. The performance of this model was assessed using the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and coefficient correlation (r). The Clarke Error Grid Analysis (EGA) of variance were employed in this investigation to determine the instrument&#39;s accuracy. The result indicated that the RMSE is appropriate as the standard value, r is 0.95 and Clarke EGA analysis: 92% and 88% for both age classifications
This research presents a non-invasive method for identifying and detecting cholesterol level. The... more This research presents a non-invasive method for identifying and detecting cholesterol level. The proposed research has developed an innovative method and smart controller to measure cholesterol levels. In this research, the cholesterol level can be identified under image processing based on the hand skin image processing. For the investigation, several samples of pictures with and without cholesterol were taken. The kinds of samples are based on age classifications, for example: 20-40 and 40 < 60 years old. For accuracy and simple analysis, 26 sample pictures have been evaluated and investigated under the gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM). In this research, an artificial neural network (ANN) is used for all training and testing hand texture to detect cholesterol level. The performance of this model was assessed using the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and coefficient correlation (r). The Clarke Error Grid Analysis (EGA) of variance were employed in this investigation to determine the instrument's accuracy. The result indicated that the RMSE is appropriate as the standard value, r is 0.95 and Clarke EGA analysis: 92% and 88% for both age classifications.
This research presents a non-invasive method for identifying and detecting cholesterol level. The... more This research presents a non-invasive method for identifying and detecting cholesterol level. The proposed research has developed an innovative method and smart controller to measure cholesterol levels. In this research, the cholesterol level can be identified under image processing based on the hand skin image processing. For the investigation, several samples of pictures with and without cholesterol were taken. The kinds of samples are based on age classifications, for example: 20-40 and 40 < 60 years old. For accuracy and simple analysis, 26 sample pictures have been evaluated and investigated under the gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM). In this research, an artificial neural network (ANN) is used for all training and testing hand texture to detect cholesterol level. The performance of this model was assessed using the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and coefficient correlation (r). The Clarke Error Grid Analysis (EGA) of variance were employed in this investigation to determine the instrument's accuracy. The result indicated that the RMSE is appropriate as the standard value, r is 0.95 and Clarke EGA analysis: 92% and 88% for both age classifications
ABSTRAK Diabetes melitus merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan yang dapat berdampak pada penurun... more ABSTRAK Diabetes melitus merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan yang dapat berdampak pada penurunan produktivitas sumber daya manusia, terutama pada kelompok umur dewasa ke usia lanjut pada seluruh status sosial ekonomi. Pemanfaatan tanaman obat masih banyak digunakan oleh masyarakat dan mengalami peningkatan, terlebih dengan munculnya isu kembali ke alam, sementara itu banyak masyarakat beranggapan bahwa penggunaan tanaman obat relatif lebih aman dibandingkan obat sintetis. Indonesia sebagai negara agraris memiliki potensi tumbuhan herbal yang dapat dikembangkan untuk terapi diabetes melitus. Potensi alam perlu dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat sekitar untuk menciptakan jalur pengobatan mandiri, tentunya dengan bekal pemahaman terkait tanaman obat terlebih dahulu. Tujuan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat untuk mengedukasi dalam bentuk penyuluhan kepada masyarakat di sekitar Universitas Sawerigading mengenai gejala diabetes melitus dan pemanfaatan tanaman obat untuk mengatasinya. Metode penyuluhan yang digunakan adalah ceramah dan diskusi. Hasil dan kesimpulan pengabdian ini diperoleh peningkatan pemahaman masyarakat mengenai gejala diabetes melitus dan pemanfaatan tanaman obat seperti dun sambiloto, daun salam dan belimbing wuluh untuk mengatasinya. Kata kunci: Diabetes mllitus, tanaman obat ABSTRACT Diabetes Mellitus is one of the health problems that can have an impact on decreasing the productivity of human resources, especially in the adult to old age group in all socioeconomic statuses. The use of medicinal plants is still widely used by the community and has increased, especially with the emergence of the issue of returning to nature, meanwhile many people think that the use of medicinal plants is relatively safer than synthetic drugs. Indonesia as an agricultural country has the potential of herbal plants that can be developed for diabetes mellitus therapy. The purpose of community service activities is to educate in the form of counseling the community around Sawerigading University about the symptoms of diabetes mellitus and the use of medicinal plants to overcome them. The extension method used is lecture and discussion. The results and conclusions of this service were obtained by increasing public understanding about the symptoms of diabetes mellitus and the use of medicinal plants such as dun sambiloto, bay leaves and starfruit to overcome them.
Jurnal INSTEK (Informatika Sains dan Teknologi), 2020
Kandungan hemoglobin umumnya digunakan dalam analisis klinis dalam mendiagnosis anemia, mengident... more Kandungan hemoglobin umumnya digunakan dalam analisis klinis dalam mendiagnosis anemia, mengidentifikasi perdarahan, dan mengelola transfusi sel darah merah.. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan alat ukur hemoglobin darah sistem noninvasif. Sistem noninvasif ini menggunakan sensor Near Infrared (NIR) dengan LED dan Photodiodes dengan panjang gelombang 940 nm. Metode pengembangan alat ini dengan tahapan, antara lain, persiapan pembuatan alat dengan melakukan studi literatur menghasilkan model dan pembuatan alat serta alat pengujian. dengan membandingkan teknik invasif dan non-invasif. Hasil penelitian ini menghasilkan alat ukur hemoglobin yang sederhana, mudah digunakan dan tanpa mengambil sampel darah untuk secara rutin mengukur hemoglobin dengan biaya rendah. Analisis hasil pegujian dengan menggunakan analysis varian dan uji-t yang menunjukkan bahwa alat yang didesain dapat digunakan untuk memantau hemoglobin darah...Kata Kunci: Hemoglobin, Invasive .non-invasive, Sensor,...
Gout disease or commonly known as gout arthritis is a disease caused by the accumulation of monos... more Gout disease or commonly known as gout arthritis is a disease caused by the accumulation of monosodium urate crystals in the body. Monitoring blood uric acid levels is currently still using invasive techniques by taking blood samples to be included in the test strip, this invasive technique measurement requires money and time to come to health clinics so that many people cannot monitor blood uric acid levels on a regular basis. This study aims to develop a measuring instrument for monitoring blood uric acid levels using sensors by utilizing the absorption and reflectance of infrared rays so that gout sufferers and other individuals can monitor blood uric acid levels regularly and are easy to use. The method of developing non-invasive techniques focuses on monitoring blood uric acid levels using a NIR sensor with an IR LED with a wavelength of 940 nm as a transmitter and a photodiode as a detector at a wavelength of 700-1300 nm and a microcontroller as a minimum system for control. T...
Diabetes mellitus is a serious chronic disease that occurs in chronic metabolic disorders caused ... more Diabetes mellitus is a serious chronic disease that occurs in chronic metabolic disorders caused by the pancreas not being able to produce enough insulin or the body cannot use insulin effectively. Indonesia as the seventh-highest diabetes population in the world according to the International Diabetes Federation. Current blood glucose measurements generally use invasive techniques that take blood samples at the tip of the finger by injuring and done in clinics, health centers, and hospitals with high costs, so that the poor can not do routine checks. This study aims to develop a noninvasive system blood glucose measuring instrument. Tools with non-invasive systems use Photoacoustic Spectroscopy sensors in the range of values from the laser pulsation source (λ = 650 nm) that can detect glucose signals in the blood. Methods of developing this tool with stages include, preparation of tool making by conducting a literature study resulting in a theoretical model, developing a tool model by constructing a model through discussion Group Forum activities to obtain a hypothetic model, The results of this study produce glucose measuring instruments that are simple, easy to use and without taking blood samples to measure blood glucose levels routinely at a low cost. Validation of the measuring instrument by comparing invasive techniques with non-invasive techniques to obtain accuracy. Abstrak. Diabetes mellitus adalah penyakit kronis serius yang terjadi pada kelainan metabolisme kronis yang disebabkan oleh pankreas yang tidak mampu memproduksi cukup insulin atau tubuh tidak dapat menggunakan insulin secara efektif. Indonesia sebagai populasi diabetes tertinggi ketujuh di dunia menurut Federasi Diabetes Internasional. Pengukuran glukosa darah saat ini umumnya menggunakan teknik invasif yang mengambil sampel darah di ujung jari dengan melukai dan dilakukan di klinik, pusat kesehatan, dan rumah sakit dengan biaya tinggi, sehingga orang miskin tidak dapat melakukan pemeriksaan rutin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan alat ukur glukosa darah sistem noninvasif. Alat dengan sistem non-invasif menggunakan sensor Spektroskopi Photoacoustic dalam kisaran nilai dari sumber
International Research Publication House, publishes journals ..., 2020
Hypercholesterolemia is one of cause of cardiovascular disease which is one of the most significa... more Hypercholesterolemia is one of cause of cardiovascular disease which is one of the most significant causes of death in world. This could be anticipated by monitoring blood cholesterol levels regularly. The current method of monitoring total blood cholesterol by using an invasive technique of taking a painful blood sample. A simple device is needed to measure blood cholesterol level without collecting blood samples. This Study aims to develop an optical sensor to measure blood cholesterol levels by utilizing infrared rays so that people with and without hypercholesterolemia can easily monitor their blood cholesterol levels regularly. The method of developing the application of reflective optical sensor focuses on the use of an infrared lighting emitting diode (IR LED) wavelength of 940 nm as a transmitter and a photodiode use a detector and microcontroller as a minimum system used to process electronic signals into total cholesterol values with an algorithm to classify total blood cholesterol. The measurement results were tested using variance analysis by comparing the result of non-invsive and invasive measurement with a p-value less than 0.05 which means the results could be accepted.
Hypercholesterolemia causes cardiovascular disease which is a disorder of the heart and blood ves... more Hypercholesterolemia causes cardiovascular disease which is a disorder of the heart and blood vessels, one of the most significant causes of death in the world, and this needs to be anticipated by monitoring blood cholesterol levels regularly. The current method of monitoring blood cholesterol levels is using invasive technique by collecting blood samples. A simple device is needed to measure blood cholesterol levels that can be done without collecting blood samples. This study aims to develop a non- invasive technique for monitoring blood cholesterol levels using sensors utilizing infrared light absorption in body tissues, in order to simplify measuring blood cholesterol levels regularly for patients with hypercholesterolemia. The application of a non-invasive technique focused on developing a total blood cholesterol monitoring device using an infrared sensor with IR LED - 940nm wavelength as a transmitter. A photodiode was used as a detector with the wavelength range of 400-1100 n...
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non-invasively. The proposed model introduces the idea of measuring cholesterol and glucose levels without a
blood sample or physical contact. This is accomplished using a near-infrared (NIR) and a photodiode. To improve
accuracy and stability, an optical near-infrared (NIR) wristband sensor was developed to detect electrical pulses in
the wrist tissue, which were then converted into values of cholesterol and blood glucose levels. There were 20
participants as clinical referrals in this study to identify invasive cholesterol and glucose levels. To achieve this goal,
a mathematical model has been developed to create a non-linear equation between cholesterol and blood glucose
levels. The performance of this model was assessed using square error prediction (SEP), the coefficient of
determination (R
2
) and the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). To determine the accuracy of this instrument, the
ANOVA, T-test, and Clarke EGA analysis of variance were used in this study. The research findings demonstrated
that the proposed strategy is practical to apply. Additionally, this instrument was tested on 40 participants with
randomized ages between 20 and 60 years
non-invasively. The proposed model introduces the idea of measuring cholesterol and glucose levels without a
blood sample or physical contact. This is accomplished using a near-infrared (NIR) and a photodiode. To improve
accuracy and stability, an optical near-infrared (NIR) wristband sensor was developed to detect electrical pulses in
the wrist tissue, which were then converted into values of cholesterol and blood glucose levels. There were 20
participants as clinical referrals in this study to identify invasive cholesterol and glucose levels. To achieve this goal,
a mathematical model has been developed to create a non-linear equation between cholesterol and blood glucose
levels. The performance of this model was assessed using square error prediction (SEP), the coefficient of
determination (R
2
) and the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). To determine the accuracy of this instrument, the
ANOVA, T-test, and Clarke EGA analysis of variance were used in this study. The research findings demonstrated
that the proposed strategy is practical to apply. Additionally, this instrument was tested on 40 participants with
randomized ages between 20 and 60 years