Arsenic contamination is turning out to be a major problem these days with its increasing area co... more Arsenic contamination is turning out to be a major problem these days with its increasing area coverage and the number of people affected directly or indirectly. Now, the level of the contaminant has spread over the soil and sediments from groundwater and other natural sources. Arsenic poisoning in groundwater events is familiar to the world, but the consequences of soil contamination are still unrevealed to the community. Long-term use of arsenic contaminated groundwater to irrigate crops, especially paddy (Oryza sativa L.) has resulted in elevated soil arsenic levels. Now the time is right to take into account the soil contamination of Arsenic and to devise cost effective remedial measures to correct this problem. This article deals with some of the remediation technologies included within broad category of physical, chemical and a few biological methods.
Journal of Natural Resource Conservation and Management, 2020
A field experiment was conducted at School of Natural Resource Management, College of Post Gradua... more A field experiment was conducted at School of Natural Resource Management, College of Post Graduate Studies in Agricultural Sciences, Umiam, Meghalaya during kharif 2017 to investigate the influence of Azolla on soil acidity and nutrient availability in acid Inceptisol of Meghalaya. Rice (var. Shasharang) was raised as test crop with six treatments viz., control (T1), fresh Azolla incorporation @ 1.6 t ha-1 (T2), 30 kg N ha-1 through urea (T3), 60 kg N (T4), 30 kg N ha-1 + Azolla 1.6 t ha-1 (T5) and 60 kg N ha-1 + Azolla 1.6 t ha-1 (T6) in randomized block design with four replications. The experimental soil was sandy clay loam in texture having pH 5.1, bulk density 1.36 Mg m-3 and organic carbon 17.5 g kg-1. The highest soil pH was observed in T2 and increased significantly in treatments receiving both Azolla and mineral N-fertilizer (T2, T5 and T6) compared to their sole applications (T1, T3 and T4). The exchangeable calcium and magnesium (c mol (p +) kg-1), CEC (c mol (p +) kg-1) and base saturation percentage also showed the same trends and the highest values were observed as 1.92, 7.90 and 24.30 in T2. However, in contrast to this, the lowest values of exchangeable aluminum, exchangeable acidity and acidity saturation percentage were observed in T2 indicating that the sole application of Azolla improved soil acidity indices. The soil available P and K contents were recorded higher in the treatments with Azolla integrated with mineral fertilizer (T2, T5 and T6) as compared to the sole application of urea (T3 and T4) or control (T1) at different crop growth stages and at maturity. Available phosphorus in T6 was statistically significant over T4 whereas T5 was significant over T3 with respect to advancement in crop age. The organic carbon data followed the same trends.
South Asian Research Journal of Agriculture and Fisheries, 2019
A field experiment was conducted during kharif 2017-18 to investigate the impacts of azolla (Azol... more A field experiment was conducted during kharif 2017-18 to investigate the impacts of azolla (Azolla pinnata) biofertilizer and urea on rice (Oryza sativa L.) yield, temporal soil P availability and improvement in soil acidity indices under low land acidic soil of Meghalaya. Six treatments viz., control (T1), fresh azolla incorporation @ 16000 kg ha-1 (T2), 30 kg N ha-1 through urea (T3), 60 kg N ha-1 through urea (T4), 30 kg N ha-1 through urea + azolla incorporation @ 16000 kg ha-1 (T5) and 60 kg N ha-1 through urea with azolla incorporation @ 16000 kg ha-1 (T6) were tested in Randomized Block Design with four replications. Application of 60 kg N ha-1 through urea along with azolla incorporation @ 16000 kg ha-1 (T6) produced highest grain yield (4.2 t ha-1) followed by T5 and T4. It had significantly greater available phosphorus at 30 DAT (24.13 P2O5 kg ha-1) and at maturity (20.63 P2O5 kg ha-1) followed by 30 kg N ha-1 through urea + azolla incorporation @ 16000 kg ha-1 (T5), compared to control and other treatment plots. Available phosphorus in T6 was statistically significant over T4 (60 kg N ha-1 through urea) whereas T5 was significant over T3 (30 kg N ha-1 through urea) with respect to advancement in crop age. The soil acidity indices reflected highest improvement with azolla bio-fertilizer incorporation @ 16000 kg ha-1 (T2) over all other treatments indicating that azolla bio-fertilizer can be an alternative option for acid soil management.
Arsenic contamination is turning out to be a major problem these days with its increasing area co... more Arsenic contamination is turning out to be a major problem these days with its increasing area coverage and the number of people affected directly or indirectly. Now, the level of the contaminant has spread over the soil and sediments from groundwater and other natural sources. Arsenic poisoning in groundwater events is familiar to the world, but the consequences of soil contamination are still unrevealed to the community. Long-term use of arsenic contaminated groundwater to irrigate crops, especially paddy (Oryza sativa L.) has resulted in elevated soil arsenic levels. Now the time is right to take into account the soil contamination of Arsenic and to devise cost effective remedial measures to correct this problem. This article deals with some of the remediation technologies included within broad category of physical, chemical and a few biological methods.
Journal of Natural Resource Conservation and Management, 2020
A field experiment was conducted at School of Natural Resource Management, College of Post Gradua... more A field experiment was conducted at School of Natural Resource Management, College of Post Graduate Studies in Agricultural Sciences, Umiam, Meghalaya during kharif 2017 to investigate the influence of Azolla on soil acidity and nutrient availability in acid Inceptisol of Meghalaya. Rice (var. Shasharang) was raised as test crop with six treatments viz., control (T1), fresh Azolla incorporation @ 1.6 t ha-1 (T2), 30 kg N ha-1 through urea (T3), 60 kg N (T4), 30 kg N ha-1 + Azolla 1.6 t ha-1 (T5) and 60 kg N ha-1 + Azolla 1.6 t ha-1 (T6) in randomized block design with four replications. The experimental soil was sandy clay loam in texture having pH 5.1, bulk density 1.36 Mg m-3 and organic carbon 17.5 g kg-1. The highest soil pH was observed in T2 and increased significantly in treatments receiving both Azolla and mineral N-fertilizer (T2, T5 and T6) compared to their sole applications (T1, T3 and T4). The exchangeable calcium and magnesium (c mol (p +) kg-1), CEC (c mol (p +) kg-1) and base saturation percentage also showed the same trends and the highest values were observed as 1.92, 7.90 and 24.30 in T2. However, in contrast to this, the lowest values of exchangeable aluminum, exchangeable acidity and acidity saturation percentage were observed in T2 indicating that the sole application of Azolla improved soil acidity indices. The soil available P and K contents were recorded higher in the treatments with Azolla integrated with mineral fertilizer (T2, T5 and T6) as compared to the sole application of urea (T3 and T4) or control (T1) at different crop growth stages and at maturity. Available phosphorus in T6 was statistically significant over T4 whereas T5 was significant over T3 with respect to advancement in crop age. The organic carbon data followed the same trends.
South Asian Research Journal of Agriculture and Fisheries, 2019
A field experiment was conducted during kharif 2017-18 to investigate the impacts of azolla (Azol... more A field experiment was conducted during kharif 2017-18 to investigate the impacts of azolla (Azolla pinnata) biofertilizer and urea on rice (Oryza sativa L.) yield, temporal soil P availability and improvement in soil acidity indices under low land acidic soil of Meghalaya. Six treatments viz., control (T1), fresh azolla incorporation @ 16000 kg ha-1 (T2), 30 kg N ha-1 through urea (T3), 60 kg N ha-1 through urea (T4), 30 kg N ha-1 through urea + azolla incorporation @ 16000 kg ha-1 (T5) and 60 kg N ha-1 through urea with azolla incorporation @ 16000 kg ha-1 (T6) were tested in Randomized Block Design with four replications. Application of 60 kg N ha-1 through urea along with azolla incorporation @ 16000 kg ha-1 (T6) produced highest grain yield (4.2 t ha-1) followed by T5 and T4. It had significantly greater available phosphorus at 30 DAT (24.13 P2O5 kg ha-1) and at maturity (20.63 P2O5 kg ha-1) followed by 30 kg N ha-1 through urea + azolla incorporation @ 16000 kg ha-1 (T5), compared to control and other treatment plots. Available phosphorus in T6 was statistically significant over T4 (60 kg N ha-1 through urea) whereas T5 was significant over T3 (30 kg N ha-1 through urea) with respect to advancement in crop age. The soil acidity indices reflected highest improvement with azolla bio-fertilizer incorporation @ 16000 kg ha-1 (T2) over all other treatments indicating that azolla bio-fertilizer can be an alternative option for acid soil management.
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