International Journal of Membrane Science and Technology
Among the deadliest illnesses that is not initially recognized in the context of cancer is brain ... more Among the deadliest illnesses that is not initially recognized in the context of cancer is brain cancer. Cancerous cells are created when cells proliferate quickly and uncontrollably. The changes in tumour location, size, and shape severely impair the ability to detect brain cancers. The wrong diagnosis of a brain tumour can have terrible and fatal consequences. So there is need of high level accuracy to find the tumor classification. The categorization, segmentation, analysis, and detection of brain cancer are the main topics of this work. In order to aid researchers, This study intends to offer an extensive exploration of the existing literature regarding brain tumor identification through the utilization of magnetic resonance imaging. Three different types of medical imaging for brain cancer were subjected to machine learning approaches (feature extraction, augmentation methods, segmentation, and anatomy of brain tumours) and identifies current issues that must be resolved for v...
International journal of microwave and optical technology, 2012
This paper presents a novel frequency reconfigurable square ring slot antenna for operation in GS... more This paper presents a novel frequency reconfigurable square ring slot antenna for operation in GSM and WLAN frequency bands. The proposed frequency reconfigurable antenna consists of a square ring-slot on a square metal ground plane that is fed by a T-shaped microstrip line. The basic square ring-slot structure resonates at 1.8 GHz. By introducing shorts at appropriate positions across the slot and providing properly designed matching stubs, the antenna can be made resonant at 2.45GHz and 5.2 GHz frequencies. For a non-reconfigurable design, shorts can be provided by metallic strip connection, but in the reconfigurable design, they are to be implemented with an electronic switch.
International Journal of Information Technology, 2021
This paper presents novel compact and high performance microstrip patch antenna by using artifici... more This paper presents novel compact and high performance microstrip patch antenna by using artificial dielectric. Cylindrical rods artificial dielectric is embedded in substrate of reference patch antenna, this makes the antenna compact, reflection coefficient improves and enhancement in impedance bandwidth is achieved. Technique of designing the cylindrical rods artificial dielectric in given frequency range is also presented in this paper. Practical swarm optimization technique (PSO) is used to design and optimize the proposed antenna. Finally, RMPA with cylindrical rods embedded substrate is proposed that provides 47.2% compactness, improved return loss and bandwidth. Mathematical analysis of proposed antenna is also done to verify the simulated results of proposed antenna. The effect of rods parameters (height, radius, and distance between rods) on the performance of patch antenna is also analysed.
2019 International Conference on Computing, Power and Communication Technologies (GUCON), 2019
Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) innovation is utilized to build the channel limit by expand... more Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) innovation is utilized to build the channel limit by expanding the quantity of recipient and transmitter reception antenna. The interest for 5G MIMO structure is to redesign the data rate for long distance communication. Graphene based Microstrip patch antenna is one of the key target of 5G MIMO system to satisfy the above criteria. In traditional microstrip receiving antenna at high frequency there is an abnormal state of cross polarization. Graphene based patch antenna cluster is utilized to give high gain and low cross polarization as contrast with metallic receiving antenna exhibit to cover a long separation communication. This paper presents design of a graphene based Microstrip patch reception antenna and it's cluster. The designed radio antenna cluster resounds at a frequency of 25.7GHz and 46.2GHz with - 37.2 dB and-20.5dB return loss. The gain of the graphene based antenna exhibit is 2.43 dB and 6.5dB at the resonating frequency. Th...
This paper presents a method for the study of the influence of stability of a power transformer o... more This paper presents a method for the study of the influence of stability of a power transformer on the power system based on the vibration principle. Traditionally, the EMD and EEMD algorithms are employed to test the box vibration signal data of the power transformer under three working conditions. The proposed method utilizes a partial EMD screening along with MPEEMD method for the online monitoring of power transformer. A complete online monitoring system is designed by using the STM32 processor and LabVIEW system. The proposed system is compared with EMD and EEMD algorithms in terms of the number of IMFs obtained by decomposition, maximum correlation coefficient, and mean square error. The inherent mode correlation, when compared with the mean square error of the reconstructed signal, shows that the reconstruction error of MPEEMD algorithm is 4.762×10−15 which is better than the traditional EMD algorithm. It is observed from the results that the proposed method outperforms both ...
International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering, 2021
In this reported work, two dual notched bands from 3.39 GHz to 3.92 GHz and from 4.43 GHz to 5.48... more In this reported work, two dual notched bands from 3.39 GHz to 3.92 GHz and from 4.43 GHz to 5.48 GHz for the WiMAX band (3.3–3.8 GHz) and for (lower) WLAN band (5.15–5.35 GHz) MIMO antenna with adjacent/orthogonal orientations has been investigated. Also, the proposed antenna is capable of controlling these notched bands whenever the need for power saving arises by reconfiguring them using PIN diodes. The issue of isolation between the radiating elements has been overcome by placing the radiating structures in the adjacent and orthogonal arrangement. The proposed antenna is characterized proving an average gain of 4.15/4.37 dBi and maximum radiation efficiency of 91/87% for adjacent/orthogonal orientation. The proposed antenna also shows good agreement with simulated and measured impedance bandwidth, diversity performances in terms of ECC, DG, TARC, and CCL for which values are well below the permissible range.
This paper presents the design and analysis of a broad-band patch antenna using split ring metama... more This paper presents the design and analysis of a broad-band patch antenna using split ring metamaterial. The SRR metamaterial structures are embedded in a unique and novel way in the patch antenna, so that subwavelength modes get introduced in the patch cavity and a broad bandwidth antenna with good performance characteristics is obtained. A rectangular microstrip patch antenna is taken as a reference antenna, which resonates at a frequency of 5.2 GHz and has an impedance bandwidth of 70 MHz. To improve the bandwidth of the patch antenna, firstly the split ring resonator (SRR) is designed according to the reference patch antenna. The optimized SRR metamaterial is placed in between the patch and ground plane of the proposed antenna. The – 10 dB impedance bandwidth of the metamaterial-embedded proposed antenna is 1.63–4.88 GHz and has an average gain of 4.5 dB. The Prototype of the proposed antenna and reference antenna is fabricated and experimental results are obtained. Experimental...
This p a per presents a review of the chiral metamateri a ls (CMM) a nd their different specific ... more This p a per presents a review of the chiral metamateri a ls (CMM) a nd their different specific properties like circul a r dichroism , negative refractive index , and giant optic a l activity. The physical properties of metamaterials circul a r dichroism a nd the method of retrieval of effective parameters of the CMM are discussed in detail. The various classes of the chiral metamaterial and their results of the simulation are presented. The study shows that the chiral met a m a terials have the ability to convert linearly pol a rized wave into the circul a rly polarized wave in microw a ve and optical frequency range. Figure of Merit of the chiral metam a terial is rel a tively low comp a red with ordin a ry metam a terials at given resonant frequencies which limit applicable frequency b a nd of neg a tive refr a ctive indices that c a n be subst a ntially improved using a substr a te with lower loss dielectric. The future of chiral metam a terial is a lso briefly discussed. Keywo...
Background As noise brings great error in the analysis of metallographic images, an adaptive weig... more Background As noise brings great error in the analysis of metallographic images, an adaptive weighted mean filtering method proposed to overcome the shortcomings of the standard mean filtering method. Methods The method used to detect the pulse noise points in the image, and then the modified mean method used to filter out the detected noise points. Patents on metallographic image processing have discussed for the development of the proposed methodology. Results It is shown that filter window can be filtered in comparison with the conventional 3×3, 5×5 and 7×7 filt window to reduce noise detection and reduce the complexity of the weight calculation. Conclusion It can be concluded that this method can better protect the details of the image, has better filtering effect than the standard mean filtering, and its processing speed is faster than the median filtering of the large window, which has profound significance for the edge detection and processing of the metallographic image.
The application of gammadion chiral metamaterial for converting linearly polarized waves to circu... more The application of gammadion chiral metamaterial for converting linearly polarized waves to circularly polarized waves is presented in this paper. First of all, a traditional rectangular microstrip patch antenna has been designed at resonance frequency of 5.15 GHz, which gives linear polarization. The linearly polarized waves are allowed to feed gammadion chiral metamaterial, which is placed at a height of 33 mm above the reference antenna. The gammadion chiral metamaterial produces two special effects that are responsible for polarization rotation: circular dichroism and optical activity. As a result of these effects, the necessary conditions for circularly polarized radiation are fulfilled, and linear antenna is converted to the circularly polarized antenna. This method gets rid of designing of complicated feeding structure that is necessary for circular polarization. The role of gammadion chiral metamaterial to convert linear polarization to circular polarization has been described. The antenna is fabricated, and the measurement of return loss, axial ratio, radiation patterns, etc. is also carried out. Simulation and measurement results agree with each other.
Metamaterial is a composite material that is artificially designed by arranging its unit cell in ... more Metamaterial is a composite material that is artificially designed by arranging its unit cell in a periodic manner that provides it with unusual electromagnetic properties. In addition these materials have broad frequency range coverage making it further beneficial It is due to these reason; metamaterial have gained popularity in the recent past.. In the last few years, compact and improved performance antennas are designed using metamaterials for microwave frequency range. Patch antenna is one such type and is very much suitable for modern applications in microwave range. Therefore, in this paper we provide a comprehensive study of metamaterial inspired patch antennas used in the last decade. Also, there pros and cons are discussed in this paper. At the last we provide open issues and challenges that may help researchers working in this direction.
2016 IEEE 1st International Conference on Power Electronics, Intelligent Control and Energy Systems (ICPEICES), 2016
This paper presents design of a subwavelength patch antenna using epsilon negative metamaterial. ... more This paper presents design of a subwavelength patch antenna using epsilon negative metamaterial. Firstly, the metamaterial is designed at resonant frequency of reference rectangular patch antenna at 5.2 GHz and then this designed metamaterial is applied underneath the reference patch antenna. Addition of ENG metamaterial underneath the patch antenna decreases its resonant frequency. Simulation results shows that as the number ENG metamaterial layer underneath the patch increases the resonant frequency of reference antenna shift gradually to the lower side.
International Journal of Electronics Signals and Systems, 2014
In this paper, two novel defected ground structures (DGS) are proposed to improve the return loss... more In this paper, two novel defected ground structures (DGS) are proposed to improve the return loss, compactness, gain and radiation efficiency of rectangular microstrip patch antenna. The performance of antenna is characterized by the shape, dimension & the location of DGS at specific position on ground plane. By incorporating a peacock shaped slot of optimum geometries at suitable location on the ground plane, return loss is enhanced from -23.89 dB to -43.79 dB, radiation efficiency is improved from 97.66% to 100% and compactness of 9.83% is obtained over the traditional antenna .Simulation results shows that the patch antenna with star shaped DGS can improve the impedance matching with better return loss of -35.053 dB from -23.89 dB and compactness of 9% is achieved. In the end comparison of both DGS shapes is carried out to choose one best optimize one. The proposed antennas are simulated and analyzed using Ansoft HFSS (version 11.1) software.
In this paper a high performance rectangular microstrip patch antenna (RMPA) has been designed us... more In this paper a high performance rectangular microstrip patch antenna (RMPA) has been designed using double H shaped metamaterial. First, the double H shaped metamaterial has been designed and optimized at 5.2 GHz resonant frequency of patch antenna. It has been found that embedding of this metamaterial into the substrate beneath the reference patch antenna improves its return loss and bandwidth without changing the resonant frequency and gain. To further enhance the gain and efficiency of the metamaterial embedded RMPA a superstrate of double H shaped metamaterial has been applied at the distance of l/3 over it. Finally, a high gain, broadband and good impedance matched metamaterial inspired RMPA has been obtained. The proposed antenna was simulated and optimized using HFSS software. The prototype antenna has been fabricated and measured results of the proposed antenna are found to be in good agreement with the simulated results.
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is one of most exciting technologies. The purpose of this p... more Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is one of most exciting technologies. The purpose of this paper is to review the RFID technology and its applications. This paper gives a brief introduction to principles of RFID, classification of RFID tags and reader, frequencies used, current application, as well as advantages and limitations. This paper aims to review current development and future scope of this technology.
International Journal of Hybrid Information Technology, 2015
Metamaterial is the arrangement of "artificial" elements in a periodic manner providing unusual e... more Metamaterial is the arrangement of "artificial" elements in a periodic manner providing unusual electromagnetic properties. This unusual property has made it an area of interest for last few decades. It has wide applications in antennas. Gain, directivity, bandwidth, efficiency, and many other parameters of microstrip patch antenna can be improved using metamaterials. In this review paper, we first overview the metamaterials, its types and then the application of metamaterials in Microstrip patch antennas over the last 13-15 years.
International Journal of Membrane Science and Technology
Among the deadliest illnesses that is not initially recognized in the context of cancer is brain ... more Among the deadliest illnesses that is not initially recognized in the context of cancer is brain cancer. Cancerous cells are created when cells proliferate quickly and uncontrollably. The changes in tumour location, size, and shape severely impair the ability to detect brain cancers. The wrong diagnosis of a brain tumour can have terrible and fatal consequences. So there is need of high level accuracy to find the tumor classification. The categorization, segmentation, analysis, and detection of brain cancer are the main topics of this work. In order to aid researchers, This study intends to offer an extensive exploration of the existing literature regarding brain tumor identification through the utilization of magnetic resonance imaging. Three different types of medical imaging for brain cancer were subjected to machine learning approaches (feature extraction, augmentation methods, segmentation, and anatomy of brain tumours) and identifies current issues that must be resolved for v...
International journal of microwave and optical technology, 2012
This paper presents a novel frequency reconfigurable square ring slot antenna for operation in GS... more This paper presents a novel frequency reconfigurable square ring slot antenna for operation in GSM and WLAN frequency bands. The proposed frequency reconfigurable antenna consists of a square ring-slot on a square metal ground plane that is fed by a T-shaped microstrip line. The basic square ring-slot structure resonates at 1.8 GHz. By introducing shorts at appropriate positions across the slot and providing properly designed matching stubs, the antenna can be made resonant at 2.45GHz and 5.2 GHz frequencies. For a non-reconfigurable design, shorts can be provided by metallic strip connection, but in the reconfigurable design, they are to be implemented with an electronic switch.
International Journal of Information Technology, 2021
This paper presents novel compact and high performance microstrip patch antenna by using artifici... more This paper presents novel compact and high performance microstrip patch antenna by using artificial dielectric. Cylindrical rods artificial dielectric is embedded in substrate of reference patch antenna, this makes the antenna compact, reflection coefficient improves and enhancement in impedance bandwidth is achieved. Technique of designing the cylindrical rods artificial dielectric in given frequency range is also presented in this paper. Practical swarm optimization technique (PSO) is used to design and optimize the proposed antenna. Finally, RMPA with cylindrical rods embedded substrate is proposed that provides 47.2% compactness, improved return loss and bandwidth. Mathematical analysis of proposed antenna is also done to verify the simulated results of proposed antenna. The effect of rods parameters (height, radius, and distance between rods) on the performance of patch antenna is also analysed.
2019 International Conference on Computing, Power and Communication Technologies (GUCON), 2019
Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) innovation is utilized to build the channel limit by expand... more Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) innovation is utilized to build the channel limit by expanding the quantity of recipient and transmitter reception antenna. The interest for 5G MIMO structure is to redesign the data rate for long distance communication. Graphene based Microstrip patch antenna is one of the key target of 5G MIMO system to satisfy the above criteria. In traditional microstrip receiving antenna at high frequency there is an abnormal state of cross polarization. Graphene based patch antenna cluster is utilized to give high gain and low cross polarization as contrast with metallic receiving antenna exhibit to cover a long separation communication. This paper presents design of a graphene based Microstrip patch reception antenna and it's cluster. The designed radio antenna cluster resounds at a frequency of 25.7GHz and 46.2GHz with - 37.2 dB and-20.5dB return loss. The gain of the graphene based antenna exhibit is 2.43 dB and 6.5dB at the resonating frequency. Th...
This paper presents a method for the study of the influence of stability of a power transformer o... more This paper presents a method for the study of the influence of stability of a power transformer on the power system based on the vibration principle. Traditionally, the EMD and EEMD algorithms are employed to test the box vibration signal data of the power transformer under three working conditions. The proposed method utilizes a partial EMD screening along with MPEEMD method for the online monitoring of power transformer. A complete online monitoring system is designed by using the STM32 processor and LabVIEW system. The proposed system is compared with EMD and EEMD algorithms in terms of the number of IMFs obtained by decomposition, maximum correlation coefficient, and mean square error. The inherent mode correlation, when compared with the mean square error of the reconstructed signal, shows that the reconstruction error of MPEEMD algorithm is 4.762×10−15 which is better than the traditional EMD algorithm. It is observed from the results that the proposed method outperforms both ...
International Journal of RF and Microwave Computer-Aided Engineering, 2021
In this reported work, two dual notched bands from 3.39 GHz to 3.92 GHz and from 4.43 GHz to 5.48... more In this reported work, two dual notched bands from 3.39 GHz to 3.92 GHz and from 4.43 GHz to 5.48 GHz for the WiMAX band (3.3–3.8 GHz) and for (lower) WLAN band (5.15–5.35 GHz) MIMO antenna with adjacent/orthogonal orientations has been investigated. Also, the proposed antenna is capable of controlling these notched bands whenever the need for power saving arises by reconfiguring them using PIN diodes. The issue of isolation between the radiating elements has been overcome by placing the radiating structures in the adjacent and orthogonal arrangement. The proposed antenna is characterized proving an average gain of 4.15/4.37 dBi and maximum radiation efficiency of 91/87% for adjacent/orthogonal orientation. The proposed antenna also shows good agreement with simulated and measured impedance bandwidth, diversity performances in terms of ECC, DG, TARC, and CCL for which values are well below the permissible range.
This paper presents the design and analysis of a broad-band patch antenna using split ring metama... more This paper presents the design and analysis of a broad-band patch antenna using split ring metamaterial. The SRR metamaterial structures are embedded in a unique and novel way in the patch antenna, so that subwavelength modes get introduced in the patch cavity and a broad bandwidth antenna with good performance characteristics is obtained. A rectangular microstrip patch antenna is taken as a reference antenna, which resonates at a frequency of 5.2 GHz and has an impedance bandwidth of 70 MHz. To improve the bandwidth of the patch antenna, firstly the split ring resonator (SRR) is designed according to the reference patch antenna. The optimized SRR metamaterial is placed in between the patch and ground plane of the proposed antenna. The – 10 dB impedance bandwidth of the metamaterial-embedded proposed antenna is 1.63–4.88 GHz and has an average gain of 4.5 dB. The Prototype of the proposed antenna and reference antenna is fabricated and experimental results are obtained. Experimental...
This p a per presents a review of the chiral metamateri a ls (CMM) a nd their different specific ... more This p a per presents a review of the chiral metamateri a ls (CMM) a nd their different specific properties like circul a r dichroism , negative refractive index , and giant optic a l activity. The physical properties of metamaterials circul a r dichroism a nd the method of retrieval of effective parameters of the CMM are discussed in detail. The various classes of the chiral metamaterial and their results of the simulation are presented. The study shows that the chiral met a m a terials have the ability to convert linearly pol a rized wave into the circul a rly polarized wave in microw a ve and optical frequency range. Figure of Merit of the chiral metam a terial is rel a tively low comp a red with ordin a ry metam a terials at given resonant frequencies which limit applicable frequency b a nd of neg a tive refr a ctive indices that c a n be subst a ntially improved using a substr a te with lower loss dielectric. The future of chiral metam a terial is a lso briefly discussed. Keywo...
Background As noise brings great error in the analysis of metallographic images, an adaptive weig... more Background As noise brings great error in the analysis of metallographic images, an adaptive weighted mean filtering method proposed to overcome the shortcomings of the standard mean filtering method. Methods The method used to detect the pulse noise points in the image, and then the modified mean method used to filter out the detected noise points. Patents on metallographic image processing have discussed for the development of the proposed methodology. Results It is shown that filter window can be filtered in comparison with the conventional 3×3, 5×5 and 7×7 filt window to reduce noise detection and reduce the complexity of the weight calculation. Conclusion It can be concluded that this method can better protect the details of the image, has better filtering effect than the standard mean filtering, and its processing speed is faster than the median filtering of the large window, which has profound significance for the edge detection and processing of the metallographic image.
The application of gammadion chiral metamaterial for converting linearly polarized waves to circu... more The application of gammadion chiral metamaterial for converting linearly polarized waves to circularly polarized waves is presented in this paper. First of all, a traditional rectangular microstrip patch antenna has been designed at resonance frequency of 5.15 GHz, which gives linear polarization. The linearly polarized waves are allowed to feed gammadion chiral metamaterial, which is placed at a height of 33 mm above the reference antenna. The gammadion chiral metamaterial produces two special effects that are responsible for polarization rotation: circular dichroism and optical activity. As a result of these effects, the necessary conditions for circularly polarized radiation are fulfilled, and linear antenna is converted to the circularly polarized antenna. This method gets rid of designing of complicated feeding structure that is necessary for circular polarization. The role of gammadion chiral metamaterial to convert linear polarization to circular polarization has been described. The antenna is fabricated, and the measurement of return loss, axial ratio, radiation patterns, etc. is also carried out. Simulation and measurement results agree with each other.
Metamaterial is a composite material that is artificially designed by arranging its unit cell in ... more Metamaterial is a composite material that is artificially designed by arranging its unit cell in a periodic manner that provides it with unusual electromagnetic properties. In addition these materials have broad frequency range coverage making it further beneficial It is due to these reason; metamaterial have gained popularity in the recent past.. In the last few years, compact and improved performance antennas are designed using metamaterials for microwave frequency range. Patch antenna is one such type and is very much suitable for modern applications in microwave range. Therefore, in this paper we provide a comprehensive study of metamaterial inspired patch antennas used in the last decade. Also, there pros and cons are discussed in this paper. At the last we provide open issues and challenges that may help researchers working in this direction.
2016 IEEE 1st International Conference on Power Electronics, Intelligent Control and Energy Systems (ICPEICES), 2016
This paper presents design of a subwavelength patch antenna using epsilon negative metamaterial. ... more This paper presents design of a subwavelength patch antenna using epsilon negative metamaterial. Firstly, the metamaterial is designed at resonant frequency of reference rectangular patch antenna at 5.2 GHz and then this designed metamaterial is applied underneath the reference patch antenna. Addition of ENG metamaterial underneath the patch antenna decreases its resonant frequency. Simulation results shows that as the number ENG metamaterial layer underneath the patch increases the resonant frequency of reference antenna shift gradually to the lower side.
International Journal of Electronics Signals and Systems, 2014
In this paper, two novel defected ground structures (DGS) are proposed to improve the return loss... more In this paper, two novel defected ground structures (DGS) are proposed to improve the return loss, compactness, gain and radiation efficiency of rectangular microstrip patch antenna. The performance of antenna is characterized by the shape, dimension & the location of DGS at specific position on ground plane. By incorporating a peacock shaped slot of optimum geometries at suitable location on the ground plane, return loss is enhanced from -23.89 dB to -43.79 dB, radiation efficiency is improved from 97.66% to 100% and compactness of 9.83% is obtained over the traditional antenna .Simulation results shows that the patch antenna with star shaped DGS can improve the impedance matching with better return loss of -35.053 dB from -23.89 dB and compactness of 9% is achieved. In the end comparison of both DGS shapes is carried out to choose one best optimize one. The proposed antennas are simulated and analyzed using Ansoft HFSS (version 11.1) software.
In this paper a high performance rectangular microstrip patch antenna (RMPA) has been designed us... more In this paper a high performance rectangular microstrip patch antenna (RMPA) has been designed using double H shaped metamaterial. First, the double H shaped metamaterial has been designed and optimized at 5.2 GHz resonant frequency of patch antenna. It has been found that embedding of this metamaterial into the substrate beneath the reference patch antenna improves its return loss and bandwidth without changing the resonant frequency and gain. To further enhance the gain and efficiency of the metamaterial embedded RMPA a superstrate of double H shaped metamaterial has been applied at the distance of l/3 over it. Finally, a high gain, broadband and good impedance matched metamaterial inspired RMPA has been obtained. The proposed antenna was simulated and optimized using HFSS software. The prototype antenna has been fabricated and measured results of the proposed antenna are found to be in good agreement with the simulated results.
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is one of most exciting technologies. The purpose of this p... more Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is one of most exciting technologies. The purpose of this paper is to review the RFID technology and its applications. This paper gives a brief introduction to principles of RFID, classification of RFID tags and reader, frequencies used, current application, as well as advantages and limitations. This paper aims to review current development and future scope of this technology.
International Journal of Hybrid Information Technology, 2015
Metamaterial is the arrangement of "artificial" elements in a periodic manner providing unusual e... more Metamaterial is the arrangement of "artificial" elements in a periodic manner providing unusual electromagnetic properties. This unusual property has made it an area of interest for last few decades. It has wide applications in antennas. Gain, directivity, bandwidth, efficiency, and many other parameters of microstrip patch antenna can be improved using metamaterials. In this review paper, we first overview the metamaterials, its types and then the application of metamaterials in Microstrip patch antennas over the last 13-15 years.
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Papers by Preet Kaur