Papers by mohammadhosain afrand
Metabolic syndrome is defined as the co-occurrence of metabolic risk factors for both type 2 diab... more Metabolic syndrome is defined as the co-occurrence of metabolic risk factors for both type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (i.e. abdominal obesity, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and hypertension). Indeed, metabolic syndrome is an important risk factor for subsequent development of type 2 diabetes and/or CVD. Thus, the key clinical implication of a diagnosis of metabolic syndrome is the identification of a patient who needs aggressive lifestyle modification focused on weight reduction and increased physical activity. Multiple different phenotypes and ethnic-specific values for waist circumference are included within metabolic syndrome, with indications for differing treatment strategies. This book covers several aspects of metabolic syndrome, including its definition, diagnostic criteria, preventive measures, and treatment, as well as the possible association between ethnicity and the occurrence of metabolic syndrome.
Electronic physician
There has been much interest in the role of free radicals and oxidative stress in the pathogenesi... more There has been much interest in the role of free radicals and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus (DM). The aim of this study was to assess the possible association between genetic polymorphisms of the glutathione S-transferase-mu (GSTT1) and the risk of the development of DM in a sample of Yazdian females in Yazd, Iran. This was a case-control study in which GSTT1 polymorphism was genotyped in 51 randomly selected DM patients and 50 randomly selected healthy controls among Yazdian females whose ages ranged from 40 to 70. The frequencies of GSTT1 null genotype and GSTT1 present were 8 and 92%, respectively, in the control samples. In patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), the frequencies of GSTT1 null genotype and GSTT1 present were 14 and 86%, respectively. There were higher levels of triglycerides (TG), fasting blood sugar (FBS), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL), body mass index (BMI), and high density lipoprotein (HDL) in patients with GS...
Iranian journal of public health, 2015
The aim of this study was to assess the possible association between genetic polymorphisms of the... more The aim of this study was to assess the possible association between genetic polymorphisms of the glutathione S-transferase (GST) gene family and the risk of the development of metabolic syndrome (MS) in Zoroastrian females in Yazd, Iran. In this case-control study, GSTM1, T1, and P1 polymorphisms were genotyped in 51 randomly selected MS patients and 50 randomly selected healthy controls on February 2014 among Zoroastrian females whose ages ranged from 40 to 70 yr. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 17. We observed a significant association of GSTP1-I/V (Isoleucine/Valine) allele and GSTP1-V/V (Valine / Valine) allele with MS (P = 0.047 and P = 0.044, respectively). The combined analysis of the two genotypes, the present genotype of GSTT1, I/V and V/V alleles of GSTP1 genotype demonstrated a decrease in the risk of acquiring MS (OR = 0.246, P = 0.031). The null genotype of GSTM1, I/V, and V/V alleles of the GSTP1 genotype showed a lower ri...
Medical journal of the Islamic Republic of Iran, 2016
Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a cluster of metabolic disturbances, and its prevalence is increasing ... more Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a cluster of metabolic disturbances, and its prevalence is increasing worldwide. MS exhibits variations among ethnic groups. Zoroastrianism is an ethnic minority which has maintained its isolation and endogamy up to now. So, we evaluated the frequency of MS in Zoroastrians of Yazd, Iran. In this cross-sectional study, participants aged ≥30 years were selected using a systematic random sampling. Weight, height, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), waistto- hip ratio (WHR) and blood pressure (BP) were measured using standard methods. Also, blood levels of glucose, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), urea, creatinine and uric acid (UA) were measured. Both revised National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (ATPIII) and Joint Interim Statement (JIS) criteria were used to diagnose the MS. The mean±SD age of the participants (n=403) was 56.9...
Electronic Physician, Mar 20, 2015
Iranian Journal of Pediatrics, 2016
Background: The most common reason of respiratory distress in the newborn is transient tachypnea ... more Background: The most common reason of respiratory distress in the newborn is transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN). There are some reports saying that TTN is associated with increased frequencies of wheezing attacks. Objectives: The aims of this study were to determine the risk factors associated with TTN and to determine the association between TTN and the development of wheezing syndromes in early life. Materials and Methods: In a historical cohort study, we recorded the characteristics of 70 infants born at the Shohadaye Kargar Hospital in Yazd between March 2005 and March 2009 and who were hospitalized because of TTN in the neonatal intensive-care unit. We called their parents at least four years after the infants were discharged from the hospital and asked about any wheezing attacks. Seventy other infants with no health problems during the newborn period were included in the study as the control group. Results: The rate of wheezing attacks in newborns with TTN was more than patients with no TTN diagnosis (P = 0.014). TTN was found to be an independent risk factor for later wheezing attacks (relative risk [RR] = 2.8). Conclusions: The most obvious finding of this study was that TTN was an independent risk factor for wheezing attacks. So long-term medical care is suggested for these patients who may be at risk, because TTN may not be as transient as has been previously thought.
No part of this work covered by copyright hereon may be reproduced or used in any form or by any ... more No part of this work covered by copyright hereon may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means-graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, Web distribution, or information storage and retrieval systems-without the expressed written permission of the publisher.
Electronic Physician, Jan 25, 2014
Rickets is disease that occurs in growing bones in which defective mineralization occurs in both ... more Rickets is disease that occurs in growing bones in which defective mineralization occurs in both the bone and the cartilage of the epiphyseal growth plate, resulting in the retardation of growth and skeletal deformities. Rickets is more common in areas with less sunlight. However, this case report presents a case of the bony manifestation of rickets with the intake of vitamin D supplements in Yazd, a city in central Iran that has sunshine almost every day. A patient was referred to an outpatient general pediatric clinic for deformities of the legs and growth disturbance, with his height far below the normal range. The changes that were most evident in his X-rays were the bowing of the long bones of the legs and forearms and the cupping of the wrist metaphyseal region. In summary, we present a patient with bony manifestation of rickets despite living in a sunny area and taking vitamin D supplements. Thus, it is important to remember that rickets is still a common disease among children in Iran. More studies of this issue should be conducted, including the identification of abnormal cases and rescheduling vitamin D supplementation programs.
No part of this work covered by copyright hereon may be reproduced or used in any form or by any ... more No part of this work covered by copyright hereon may be reproduced or used in any form or by any means-graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping, Web distribution, or information storage and retrieval systems-without the expressed written permission of the publisher.
Electronic physician
There has been much interest in the role of free radicals and oxidative stress in the pathogenesi... more There has been much interest in the role of free radicals and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus (DM). The aim of this study was to assess the possible association between genetic polymorphisms of the glutathione S-transferase-mu (GSTT1) and the risk of the development of DM in a sample of Yazdian females in Yazd, Iran. This was a case-control study in which GSTT1 polymorphism was genotyped in 51 randomly selected DM patients and 50 randomly selected healthy controls among Yazdian females whose ages ranged from 40 to 70. The frequencies of GSTT1 null genotype and GSTT1 present were 8 and 92%, respectively, in the control samples. In patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), the frequencies of GSTT1 null genotype and GSTT1 present were 14 and 86%, respectively. There were higher levels of triglycerides (TG), fasting blood sugar (FBS), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL), body mass index (BMI), and high density lipoprotein (HDL) in patients with GS...
Electronic physician
Difficulties in the early diagnosis of appendicitis, particularly in children, often lead to comp... more Difficulties in the early diagnosis of appendicitis, particularly in children, often lead to complications, such as perforation of the appendix, within 36 hours of the onset of symptoms. A four-year-old girl presented to the Emergency Department at Shohadaye Kargar Hospital in Yazd (a city in central Iran) in February 2013 with a history of chronic abdominal pain that began 20 days before admission. Her physical examination revealed a low-grade fever, conjunctivitis, dysuria with malodorous urine, and a mass in right, lower quadrant without localized tenderness in that area. Intestinal intussusception was suggested as the most likely diagnosis, and a laparotomy was performed. The appendix was perforated and an appendicular abscess had caused intestinal obstruction. The rarity of this case, with its unusual presentation and findings, which included unexplained chronic pain, necessitated an immediate operation that revealed the acute presentation of a mechanical obstruction of the int...
Electronic physician
Rickets is disease that occurs in growing bones in which defective mineralization occurs in both ... more Rickets is disease that occurs in growing bones in which defective mineralization occurs in both the bone and the cartilage of the epiphyseal growth plate, resulting in the retardation of growth and skeletal deformities. Rickets is more common in areas with less sunlight. However, this case report presents a case of the bony manifestation of rickets with the intake of vitamin D supplements in Yazd, a city in central Iran that has sunshine almost every day. A patient was referred to an out-patient general pediatric clinic for deformities of the legs and growth disturbance, with his height far below the normal range. The changes that were most evident in his X-rays were the bowing of the long bones of the legs and forearms and the cupping of the wrist metaphyseal region. In summary, we present a patient with bony manifestation of rickets despite living in a sunny area and taking vitamin D supplements. Thus, it is important to remember that rickets is still a common disease among child...
Indian journal of endocrinology and metabolism
There has been much interest in the role of free radicals and oxidative stress in the pathogenesi... more There has been much interest in the role of free radicals and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus (DM). The aim of this study was to assess the possible association between genetic polymorphisms of the glutathione S-transferase-Theta (GSTT1) and the risk of the development of DM in Zoroastrian females in Yazd, Iran. This was a case-control study in which GSTT1 polymorphism was genotyped in 51 randomly selected DM patients and 50 randomly selected healthy controls among Zoroastrian females whose ages ranged from 40 to 70. The frequencies of GSTT1 null genotype and GSTT1 present were 72% and 28%, respectively, in control samples, while in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), the frequencies of GSTT1 null genotype and GSTT1 present were 27.5% and 72.5%, respectively. There were higher levels of triglyceride (TG), fasting blood sugar (FBS), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), Urea, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in cases of GSTT1 null genoty...
BMJ, 2006
Objective To compare the clinical, angiographic, neurocognitive, and quality of life outcomes of ... more Objective To compare the clinical, angiographic, neurocognitive, and quality of life outcomes of off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery with conventional coronary artery bypass grafting surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass. Design Randomised controlled clinical trial. Setting Tertiary cardiothoracic centre in Middlesex, England. Participants 168 patients (27 women) requiring primary isolated coronary artery bypass grafting surgery. Interventions Patients were randomised to conventional coronary artery bypass grafting surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass (n = 84) or off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery (n = 84), carried out by one surgeon. Angiographic examination was carried out at three months postoperatively. Neurocognitive tests were carried out at baseline and at six weeks and six months postoperatively. Main outcome measures Clinical outcome, graft patency at three months, neurocognitive function at six weeks and six months, and health related quality of life. Results Graft patency was evaluated by angiography in 151 (89.9%) patients and was similar between the cardiopulmonary bypass and off-pump groups (risk difference − 1%, 95% confidence interval − 5% to 4%), with the off-pump group considered the treatment group. Patients in the off-pump group required fewer blood transfusions (1.7 units v 1.0 unit, P = 0.02), shorter duration of mechanical ventilation (7.7 hours v 3.9 hours, P = 0.03), and shorter hospital stay (10.8 days v 8.9 days). Scores for neurocognitive function showed a significant difference in three memory subtests at six weeks and two memory subtests at six months in favour of the off-pump group. Conclusions Patients who underwent off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery showed similar patency of grafts, better clinical outcome, shorter hospital stay, and better neurocognitive function than patients who underwent conventional coronary artery bypass grafting surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass.
Indian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 2015
Background: There has been much interest in the role of free radicals and oxidative stress in the... more Background: There has been much interest in the role of free radicals and oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus (DM). The aim of this study was to assess the possible association between genetic polymorphisms of the glutathione S-transferase-Theta (GSTT1) and the risk of the development of DM in Zoroastrian females in Yazd, Iran. Materials and Methods: This was a case-control study in which GSTT1 polymorphism was genotyped in 51 randomly selected DM patients and 50 randomly selected healthy controls among Zoroastrian females whose ages ranged from 40 to 70. Results: The frequencies of GSTT1 null genotype and GSTT1 present were 72% and 28%, respectively, in control samples, while in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), the frequencies of GSTT1 null genotype and GSTT1 present were 27.5% and 72.5%, respectively. There were higher levels of triglyceride (TG), fasting blood sugar (FBS), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), Urea, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in cases of GSTT1 null genotype compared to the GSTT1 present genotype in controls. Conclusions: Our results indicated that healthy subjects had a higher frequency of the GSTT1 null genotype than patients with T2DM. However, we observed no significant association between the GSTT1 null genotype and T2DM in the current study.
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Papers by mohammadhosain afrand